Clinical Laboratory Science Exam Preparation Guide
Course Introduction
Clinical Laboratory Science is an interdisciplinary course focused on the principles and practices involved in the analysis of biological specimens to aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of diseases. Students will gain foundational knowledge of clinical chemistry, hematology, microbiology, immunology, and molecular diagnostics, alongside hands-on training with modern laboratory instruments and technologies. Emphasis is placed on quality assurance, proper specimen handling, laboratory safety, and the interpretation of laboratory results, preparing students for professional roles in medical laboratories or further specialized studies in the field.
Recommended Textbook
Medical Terminology for Health Care Professionals 9th Edition by Jane Rice
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21 Chapters
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Medical Terminology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The foundation of the word is called the ________.
Answer: root
Q2) In the term antipyretic,the root pyret means:
A) against.
B) putrefaction.
C) fever.
D) pertaining to.
Answer: C
Q3) A kilogram is equal to:
A) 10 g.
B) 100 g.
C) 1,000 g.
D) 10,000 g.
Answer: C
Q4) The prefix anti- means:
A) upon.
B) around.
C) against.
D) through.
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Suffixes
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Sample Questions
Q1) The suffix that means vomiting is ________.
Answer: -emesis
Q2) If the combining form gynec/o means female,what does the term gynecology mean?
A) the study of the female
B) a physician who specializes in female conditions
C) the diseases affecting females
D) a normal change in the female body
Answer: A
Q3) When a person has an organ that grows too large,it is called organ hypertrophy.The suffix -trophy means nourishment or ________.
A) growth
B) formation
C) expansion
D) development
Answer: D
Q4) The suffix meaning the study of is ________.
Answer: -logy
Q5) The suffix that means spitting is ________.
Answer: -ptysis
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Chapter 3: Prefixes
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are asked to concentrate on your school work.Knowing the prefix of concentrate,con-,means together or with,what word has a prefix that has the opposite meaning?
A) Infrastructure
B) Afebrile
C) Extraocular
D) Hyperactive
Answer: B
Q2) The prefix for slow is ________.
Answer: brady-
Q3) Pertaining to or arising from many locations is called ________.
Answer: multifocal
Q4) The prefix re-,for example in the term react,means: A) against.
B) above.
C) again.
D) before.
Answer: C
Q5) Underdevelopment of a tissue,organ,or body is called ________.
Answer: hypoplasia
5
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Chapter 4: Organization of the Body
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Sample Questions
Q1) Write the correct abbreviation for oxygen:
Q2) A/An ________ is a substance that cannot be separated into substances different from itself by ordinary chemical means.
Q3) What molecule is the most important constituent of all body fluids?
A) blood
B) mucus
C) water
D) oxygen
Q4) Karyogenesis is a term used to describe:
A) a precursor of a body cell.
B) the formation of a cell's nucleus.
C) a complete set of genes.
D) the physical appearance of an individual.
Q5) Microscopic bodies that carry the genes that determine hereditary characteristics are called ________.
Q6) Write the correct abbreviation for lateral:
Q7) The abbreviation for left lower quadrant is ________.
Q8) The cell ________ allows the passage of some substances but denies others.
Q10) Write the correct meaning for RUQ: Page 6
Q9) Write the correct abbreviation for carbon dioxide:
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Page 7
Chapter 5: Integumentary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) White spots or patches formed on the mucous membrane of the tongue or cheek are called:
A) leukoplakia.
B) lentigo.
C) lupus.
D) purpura.
Q2) In the term jaundice,the root jaund means:
A) white.
B) blue.
C) red.
D) yellow.
Q3) Agents that prevent or relieve itching are ________ agents.
A) antifungal
B) antibiotic
C) antiviral
D) antipruritic
Q4) A/An ________ is the scar left after the healing of a wound.
Q5) ________ is a chronic skin disorder characterized by scaly and itching rashes.
Q6) The tine,Heaf,or Mantoux test may be performed to test for ________.
Q7) Write the correct meaning for Dx:
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Chapter 6: Skeletal System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Write the correct abbreviation for traction:
Q2) In the term arthroscope,the suffix -scope means:
A) to examine.
B) to view.
C) instrument.
D) joint.
Q3) An opening in the bone for blood vessels,ligaments,and nerves is called a:
A) fissure.
B) sinus.
C) foramen.
D) tubercle.
Q4) The term craniotomy means:
A) surgical removal of part of the skull.
B) surgical repair of a joint.
C) surgical incision into the skull.
D) surgical excision of a vertebral posterior arch.
Q5) A bony projection below the neck of the femur is known as a/an ________.
Q6) Write the correct meaning for NSAIDs:
Q7) Write the correct abbreviation for osteoarthritis:
Q8) Write the correct abbreviation for joint:
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Chapter 7: Muscular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term abductor means:
A) to lead away from.
B) to lead toward.
C) to move backward.
D) to move forward.
Q2) Write the correct abbreviation for below the knee:
Q3) The meaning of the abbreviation TBW is ________.
Q4) In the term dermatomyositis,the combining form my/o means:
A) muscle.
B) to cut.
C) skin.
D) nail.
Q5) In the term tenodesis,the suffix -desis means:
A) surgical repair.
B) excision.
C) binding.
D) incision.
Q6) A general term for muscle disease is myopathy.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 8: Digestive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pain is a common symptom of this condition of the intestine:
A) anorexia.
B) ascites.
C) diverticulitis.
D) cirrhosis.
Q2) The process whereby the solid waste products of digestion are excreted is
Q3) Infrequent passage of hard and dry feces is called ________.
Q4) ________ is an intestinal disease characterized by inflammation of the mucous membrane.
Q5) Difficulty swallowing is known as dysphagia.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Occult blood refers to bleeding that is:
A) apparent.
B) not visible.
C) bright red.
D) profuse.
Q7) Write the correct abbreviation for irritable bowel syndrome:
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Q8) A closed sac in the crease of the sacrococcygeal region is called a/an ________.
Chapter 9: Cardiovascular System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The medical term anastomosis means:
A) obstruction of a blood vessel by a foreign substance or blood clot.
B) surgical connection between blood vessels.
C) temporary opening into the abdomen.
D) quivering or spontaneous contraction of individual muscle fibers.
Q2) Cramping pain in the legs during walking is called:
A) shock.
B) claudication.
C) infarction.
D) fibrillation.
Q3) Which valve sits between the right atrium and the right ventricle?
A) bicuspid
B) tricuspid
C) pulmonary
D) aortic
Q4) Write the correct meaning for CAD:
Q5) The bundle of His forms a part of the ________ system of the heart.
Q6) Write the correct abbreviation for sinoatrial (node):
Q7) The meaning of the abbreviation MVP is ________.
Q8) The ________ is the difference between the systolic and diastolic readings.
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Chapter 10: Blood and Lymphatic System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fluid part of the blood is called: A) serum.
B) plasma.
C) lymph.
D) hemoglobin.
Q2) The abbreviation for milliliter is ________.
Q3) The clear,yellowish fluid that separates from the clot when blood clots is:
A) lymph.
B) serum.
C) plasma.
D) thrombin.
Q4) In the term erythropoietin,the root poiet means: A) shape.
B) protein.
C) formation.
D) cell.
Q5) ________ is the class of antibody that possibly influences B-lymphocyte differentiation.
Q6) Write the correct meaning for Hct:
Q7) Write the correct abbreviation for acute lymphocytic leukemia:
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Chapter 11: Respiratory System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The combining form in tracheotomy means:
A) windpipe.
B) voice box.
C) throat.
D) nose.
Q2) What is the substance coughed up from the lungs called?
A) wheeze
B) rhonchus
C) rale
D) sputum
Q3) The suffix in the term thoracoplasty means surgical ________.
A) repair
B) incision
C) puncture
D) excision
Q4) The medical term for difficulty in breathing is:
A) apnea.
B) hypoxia.
C) eupnea.
D) dyspnea.
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Urinary System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Write the correct meaning for KUB:
Q2) An acute pain that occurs in the lower back over the kidney and is caused by blockage during the passage of a stone is called ________.
Q3) A milky appearance of a urine sample can signify ________ in the urine.
A) blood
B) pus
C) protein
D) ketones
Q4) The external opening of the urethra is the:
A) medulla.
B) meatus.
C) cortex.
D) trigone.
Q5) The inner portion of the kidney is called the: A) cortex.
B) glomerulus.
C) Bowman's capsule.
D) medulla.
Q6) The meaning of the abbreviation UTI is ________.
Q7) A/An ________ is a hernia of the bladder that protrudes into the vagina.
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Chapter 13: Endocrine System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The surgical excision of the adrenal gland is termed:
A) adenectomy.
B) adrenalectomy.
C) adenoma.
D) adrenopathy.
Q2) The meaning of the abbreviation BMR is ________.
Q3) The most severe form of hypothyroidism is:
A) Cushing's disease.
B) Addison's disease.
C) myxedema.
D) Graves disease.
Q4) Write the correct abbreviation for adrenocorticotropin hormone:
Q5) ________ is a condition in which the fasting blood glucose levels are higher than normal but not high enough for a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes.
A) Prediabetes
B) Diabetes insipidus
C) Hypoglycemia
D) Hyperglycemia
Q6) Write the correct abbreviation for diabetes mellitus:
Q7) Write the correct abbreviation for protein-bound iodine:
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Chapter 14: Nervous System
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Sample Questions
Q1) The system that controls involuntary bodily functions such as sweating and arterial blood pressure is known as the ________.
Q2) Write the correct abbreviation for peripheral nervous system:
Q3) In the term anesthesiologist,the combining form means:
A) feeling.
B) hardening.
C) condition.
D) muscle.
Q4) A tumor of the meninges is known as:
A) meningocele.
B) meningitis.
C) meningioma.
D) meningomyelocele.
Q5) An artificially induced trance is known as: A) hypnosis. B) coma.
C) stroke.
D) somnambulism.
Q6) There are ________ pairs of cranial nerves and ________ pairs of spinal nerves.
Q7) Write the correct abbreviation for transient ischemic attack:
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Chapter 15: Special Senses: The Ear
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Sample Questions
Q1) Keflex is an example of an:
A) analgesic.
B) antipyretic.
C) antihistamine.
D) antibiotic.
Q2) An antipyretic is an agent that reduces fever.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is a fungus condition of the ear called?
A) otomycosis
B) otopyorrhea
C) otosclerosis
D) otolith
Q4) Surgical excision of the tympanic membrane is called:
A) myringotomy.
B) myringoplasty.
C) myringectomy.
D) myringotome.
Q5) The ________ is a spiral-shaped bony structure,so named because it resembles a snail shell.
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Chapter 16: Special Senses: The Eye
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Sample Questions
Q1) The measurement of the cornea is called:
A) gonioscopy.
B) keratometry.
C) exophthalmometry.
D) tonometry.
Q2) An increased number of tears can be a symptom of conjunctivitis.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In the term keratoconjunctivitis,the combining form kerat/o means:
A) pupil.
B) cornea.
C) lens.
D) iris.
Q4) Damage to the retinal blood vessels in premature infants due to excessive oxygen therapy is:
A) scleritis.
B) trichiasis.
C) retrolental fibroplasia.
D) xerophthalmia.
Q5) Write the correct abbreviation for hyperopia:
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Chapter 17: Female Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) An example of the minipill oral contraceptive is:
A) Brevicon.
B) Nexplanon.
C) Ogen.
D) Depo-Provera.
Q2) ________ is a serious bacterial infection caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria that may strike young,menstruating women.
Q3) Regular contractions that begin during early pregnancy are termed Braxton Hicks.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Surgical repair of the breast is termed:
A) mammoplasty.
B) mastectomy.
C) lumpectomy.
D) mammopexy.
Q5) A ________ is used to examine the ovaries and fallopian tubes.
A) blood test
B) colposcope
C) laparoscope
D) mammograph
Page 20
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Chapter 18: Male Reproductive System
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Sample Questions
Q1) Formation of spermatozoa is known as:
A) oligospermia.
B) spermatocele.
C) spermatogenesis.
D) spermatoblast.
Q2) ________ is the act of sexual intercourse.
Q3) Which test may be used for the male to determine infertility?
A) paternity
B) prostate-specific antigen
C) semen
D) fluorescent treponemal antibody
Q4) The meaning of the abbreviation PID is ________.
Q5) What goes through the prostate and opens into the prostatic portion of the urethra?
A) ejaculatory duct
B) ductus deferens
C) seminal duct
D) prostatic duct
Q6) Write the correct meaning for TURP:
Q7) The meaning of the abbreviation TUNA is ________.
21
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Chapter 19: Oncology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Write the correct meaning for TSE:
Q2) The process of using a colposcope to examine the cervix and vagina is called
Q3) Write the correct abbreviation for adenocarcinoma:
Q4) Carcinomas are malignant tumors of epithelial tissues.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The N of the word CAUTION stands for what symptom?
A) new mole or lump
B) nagging cough
C) noisy breathing
D) nail changes
Q6) A cancerous tumor arising from a glandular organ is a/an:
A) carcinoadenoma.
B) adenocarcinoma.
C) astrocytoma.
D) glioma.
Q7) The meaning of the abbreviation IRT is ________.
Q8) Write the correct abbreviation for biopsy:
Q9) Write the correct meaning for AT/RT: Page 22
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Chapter 20: Radiology and Nuclear Medicine
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Sample Questions
Q1) The meaning of the abbreviation Pb is ________.
Q2) Venography can be defined as:
A) injecting a contrast medium into a vein.
B) process of making an x-ray record of veins.
C) a CAT scan of the heart's vessels.
D) making a video of blood traveling through a vein.
Q3) Write the correct meaning for PET:
Q4) A unit of radioactivity is known as:
A) isotope.
B) radiotracer.
C) curie.
D) ion.
Q5) Interventional radiology is the treatment of disease with radioactive substances.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The meaning of the abbreviation Ci is ________.
Q7) Write the correct meaning for AP:
Q8) A/An ________ is the process of projecting x-ray images in a movielike sequence onto a screen monitor.
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Chapter 21: Mental Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) A person being self-centered would be called:
A) anxious.
B) egocentric.
C) apathetic.
D) bipolar.
Q2) What generally causes a dissociative disorder to develop?
A) severe trauma
B) wanting attention
C) chemical brain disorder
D) birth defect
Q3) ________ is a feeling of uneasiness,apprehension,worry,or dread.
Q4) Alzheimer disease is a form of:
A) psychosis.
B) dementia.
C) schizophrenia.
D) factitious disorder.
Q5) ________ is the branch of medicine that deals with diagnosis,treatment,and prevention of mental illness.
Q6) A state of complete physical,mental,and social well-being,and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity,is ________.
Page 25
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