Clinical Inquiry and Evidence-Based Practice Exam Review
Course Introduction
Clinical Inquiry and Evidence-Based Practice explores the processes and principles that guide the integration of current research evidence, clinical expertise, and patient preferences into healthcare decision-making. The course emphasizes the development of critical appraisal skills, understanding of research methodologies, and the application of evidence-based frameworks to improve patient outcomes. Students learn to formulate clinical questions, conduct literature searches, evaluate the quality of research, and implement evidence-based interventions, preparing them to be informed and reflective practitioners in diverse healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
Understanding Nursing Research Building an Evidence Based Practice 6th Edition by Grove
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14 Chapters
488 Verified Questions
488 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Introduction to Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice
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27 Verified Questions
27 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which study exemplifies qualitative research?
A) A study that evaluates appetite among residents of a long-term care facility and correlates this data with whether or not residents are rooming together with their spouses.
B) A study that defines levels of appetite based on residents' descriptions of hunger in a long-term care facility.
C) A study that observes the interactions of spouses during mealtimes in a long-term care facility.
D) A study that observes the effectiveness of spousal encouragement to eat on the residents' quality of appetite in a long-term care facility.
Answer: C
Q2) Which type of evaluation of research yields the most precise estimates of treatment effects when describing results?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Meta-synthesis
C) Mixed-methods systematic review
D) Systematic review
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Introduction to the Quantitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Basic research seeks to:
A) directly influence clinical practice.
B) generate knowledge for knowledge's sake.
C) predict or control outcomes of variables.
D) validate or test theoretical frameworks.
Answer: B
Q2) An operational definition of a variable or concept ensures that the variable or concept will be:
A) given theoretical meaning.
B) linked to other variables or concepts.
C) measured or manipulated.
D) understood in context of a theoretical framework.
Answer: C
Q3) To help determine the relevance of a study to practice,it is recommended that the reviewer read which two sections of the study initially?
A) Abstract, discussion
B) Conclusions, references
C) Literature review, purpose
D) Methods, results
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Introduction to the Qualitative Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which qualitative study will call for an exploratory-descriptive study approach?
A) An evaluation of clinical outcomes of standard nursing interventions
B) An examination of the effects of a treatment on various ethnic groups
C) A review of data in order to evaluate theoretical constructs
D) A study on a topic about which little is known or understood
Answer: D
Q2) How are findings from qualitative studies used to add to the body of nursing knowledge?
A) Findings are useful only for describing study subjects.
B) Findings may be generalized to a wide variety of population groups.
C) Findings provide a broad overview from which meaning is derived.
D) Findings reveal meanings that can be used to develop theory.
Answer: D
Q3) How are subjects selected for qualitative research studies?
A) As volunteers through advertising for subjects
B) Based on knowledge or experience
C) By random sampling methods
D) Through convenience sampling
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Examining Ethics in Nursing Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which situation may allow waiving the need to obtain written consent for participation in a research study?
A) The researcher is conducting an informal study about heart disease.
B) The researcher is using questionnaires to collect data about suicide risk.
C) The subjects do not want documentation linking them to the study.
D) The subjects desire complete anonymity in the study.
Q2) Which is an example of falsification in research?
A) Citing work by another researcher and claiming it as one's own.
B) Making up statistics about the incidence of reactions to an intervention.
C) Omitting data about a subject that disproves the researcher's hypothesis.
D) Using data gained without the consent of the research subjects.
Q3) A researcher gives healthy adult subjects a handout explaining the nature of a study and then obtains written consent from those who choose to participate.Which statement is true about this process?
A) Subjects have given informed consent for participation in the study.
B) Subjects have not given voluntary consent for participation in the study.
C) The researcher has failed to determine comprehension of the study by participants.
D) The researcher has not disclosed information about the study to the participants.
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6
Chapter 5: Research Problems,Purposes,and Hypotheses
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of variable is used in a summary of sample characteristics?
A) Demographic variables
B) Dependent variables
C) Independent variables
D) Research variables
Q2) A reviewer assesses a potential researcher's credentials and experience,the availability of funding and resources,and ethical considerations of a potential study.This represents evaluation of a study's:
A) expertise.
B) feasibility.
C) purpose.
D) significance.
Q3) In a research proposal,the author describes what is already known about the research topic.This would be included in the discussion of the study's:
A) background.
B) feasibility.
C) purpose.
D) significance.
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Chapter 6: Understanding and Critically Appraising the Literature Review
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Sample Questions
Q1) When reviewing articles in a peer-reviewed publication,the reader is assured that the articles are:
A) landmark studies.
B) primary sources.
C) seminal studies.
D) trustworthy sources.
Q2) A step just prior to beginning a literature search using an electronic database is to:
A) decide how many articles are needed.
B) determine the type of study.
C) identify keywords for the search.
D) perform a Google search.
Q3) Which type of study is least likely to include a review of the literature prior to initiating the study?
A) Grounded theory
B) Phenomenological
C) Qualitative
D) Quantitative
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Understanding Theory and Research
Frameworks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is true about a conceptual definition in a research study?
A) It defines how a concept can be manipulated in a study.
B) It describes how a concept may be measured in a study.
C) It is comprehensive and includes associative meanings.
D) It is more specific than a dictionary definition.
Q2) In a study about childhood obesity,the researcher discusses the concept of overweight in terms of weight for height measures,body mass index (BMI),body image,self-esteem,and social norms.The researcher states that a BMI > the 95th percentile represents overweight.This statement is a(n):
A) conceptual definition.
B) dependent variable.
C) independent variable.
D) operational definition.
Q3) Which is an important characteristic of a variable?
A) It is broad and encompasses several ideas.
B) It is constant from one instance to another.
C) It is less specific than a concept.
D) It is measurable and changeable.
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Chapter 8: Clarifying Quantitative Research Designs
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Sample Questions
Q1) A study in which subjects are assigned by the researcher into experimental and control groups increases:
A) bias.
B) control.
C) manipulation
D) validity.
Q2) When using Consolidated Standards for Reporting Trials (CONSORT)guidelines to critically appraise a randomized controlled trial (RCT),the nurse will make sure that the study:
A) is designed to definitively test a hypothesis.
B) is conducted in a laboratory to minimize setting bias.
C) uses subjects selected by the researcher for participation.
D) uses a descriptive or correlational design.
Q3) In a quasi-experimental study design,the group that receives standard care is usually referred to as the:
A) comparison group.
B) control group.
C) experimental group.
D) treatment group.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Examining Populations and Samples in Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about systematic sampling?
A) A nonrandom starting point is used when selecting subjects.
B) It can be used when the desired sample size is unknown.
C) It provides a random chance for inclusion as a subject.
D) Subjects have an equal chance for inclusion in the study.
Q2) A researcher will conduct a qualitative study about partners of patients diagnosed with sexually transmitted diseases.This researcher will use which sampling technique to achieve the best representation of this population?
A) Accidental sampling
B) Cluster sampling
C) Network sampling
D) Simple random sampling
Q3) A researcher begins with a registry of all patients with HIV in the United States.The researcher uses a computer to generate a random sample from the list,and then those individuals agree to participate in a study.What kind of sample has been created?
A) Cluster
B) Convenience
C) Simple random
D) Stratified random
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Chapter 10: Clarifying Measurement and Data Collection in Quantitative Research
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41 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which can be measured using direct measurement?
A) Anxiety level
B) Blood pressure
C) Diagnosis
D) Feelings
Q2) A researcher evaluates scores of a paper and pencil instrument with dichotomous variables using the Kuder-Richardson formula.This is a test of:
A) alternate forms reliability.
B) internal consistency reliability.
C) interrater reliability.
D) test-retest reliability.
Q3) A nursing professor administers three versions of a final exam to a class of students and compares the exams for reliability.This is a measure of:
A) homogeneity.
B) interrater reliability
C) equivalence.
D) test-retest reliability.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Understanding Statistics in Research
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57 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the purpose of using exploratory analysis in a research report?
A) To compare control and experimental groups
B) To develop testable hypotheses
C) To examine and describe data
D) To identify theoretical constructs
Q2) In a study comparing weight gain between small-for-gestational-age (SGA)infants who were breastfed and SGA infants who were fed formula,researchers noted increased weight gain in infants who were held more regardless of how they were fed.This finding is an example of a:
A) mixed result.
B) nonsignificant result.
C) serendipitous result.
D) significant result.
Q3) A researcher calculates a Pearson product-moment coefficient of 0.2.The reviewer understands that this value represents:
A) a moderate positive correlation.
B) a moderate negative correlation.
C) a weak positive correlation.
D) a weak negative correlation.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Critical Appraisal of Quantitative and Qualitative Research for Nursing Practice
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36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Once a qualitative study has been evaluated for credibility,transferability,dependability,and confirmability,the study is considered to be:
A) generalizable.
B) reliable.
C) trustworthy.
D) valid.
Q2) During a critical appraisal of a research study,the reviewer determines that a study about blood glucose monitoring of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus has implications for patients with type 2 diabetes.The reviewer will determine this during which phase of the research critique?
A) Analysis
B) Comparison
C) Comprehension
D) Evaluation
Q3) All nurses need to have expertise in which skill regarding research?
A) Critical appraisal
B) Interviewing techniques
C) Literature review
D) Statistical analysis
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Chapter 13: Building an Evidence-Based Nursing Practice
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A study yielding negative results is withheld for publication for several years,contributing to which type of bias?
A) Citation bias
B) Location bias
C) Outcome-reporting bias
D) Time-lag bias
Q2) What is true about a meta-analysis?
A) It helps to determine whether studies should be replicated.
B) It identifies and appraises previous research.
C) It pools results from previous studies into a single quantitative analysis.
D) It replicates previous studies to confirm statistical results.
Q3) What is the purpose of the PRISMA statement?
A) To help researchers develop a clinical question before a review
B) To help determine whether studies reviewed should be replicated
C) To improve reporting of meta-analyses and systematic reviews
D) To outline the abstract when reporting on meta-analyses and other reviews
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15
Chapter 14: Outcomes Research
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which is an example of a type of nursing service that might be evaluated in outcomes research?
A) Application of wound care products
B) Clinical care protocol implementation
C) Glucose monitoring for newly diagnosed diabetics
D) Using a Braden Scale for skin assessment
Q2) A nurse identifies an unusual incidence of acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)in school-age children in a nearby community and conducts a study to examine exposure to a variety of water pollutants from a local industry.This is an example of a:
A) phenomenological study.
B) qualitative study.
C) prospective cohort study.
D) retrospective cohort study.
Q3) A nurse uses a care map to guide nursing interventions for patients with COPD.This is an example of using:
A) evidence-based practice.
B) practice patterns.
C) practice styles.
D) standards of care.
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Page 16