Clinical Dental Hygiene Practices
Chapter Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Clinical Dental Hygiene Practices focuses on the development and refinement of essential skills and knowledge needed for comprehensive dental hygiene care. The course covers patient assessment, infection control, preventive services, instrumentation, radiographic techniques, and care planning. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based practice, ethical decision-making, and effective communication with diverse patient populations. Through laboratory and clinic-based experiences, students apply theoretical concepts to provide safe, competent, and client-centered dental hygiene services, preparing them for professional practice in a variety of clinical settings.
Recommended Textbook
The Dental Hygienists Guide to Nutritional Care 4th Edition by Cynthia A. Stegeman
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Chapter 1: Overview of Healthy Eating Habits
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Sample Questions
Q1) The messages of MyPlate convey include each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Fruits and vegetables should fill half the plate.
B) Fruit juices should be consumed frequently.
C) Lean proteins foods should be chosen in moderation.
D) Whole grains should occupy about one fourth of the plate.
E) Physical activity is encouraged through the activity tab that has links to MyJournal.
Answer: B
Q2) Each of the following is true regarding considerations that a dental hygienist must make when making dietary recommendations except one. Which one is the exception?
A) The dietary reference intakes (DRI) can be used as an assessment guide for all patients.
B) An individual's exact requirement for a specific nutrient is not known.
C) The upper limits (ULs) can be used to warn patients of adverse effects of excessive intake of nutrients.
D) The DRIs are general guidelines and do not provide specific requirements.
E) Specific foods or groups of foods should be discussed rather than nutrients.
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Concepts in Biochemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) In general, a condensation reaction creates a new molecule by:
A) breaking a larger molecule into two smaller molecules.
B) forming an ionic bond between a metal and a nonmetal ion.
C) forming a bond between two smaller molecules.
D) sharing two electrons between two nonmetals.
Answer: C
Q2) Each of the following is a major area of biochemistry except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Structure
B) Function
C) Metabolism
D) Information
Answer: B
Q3) Carbohydrates are classified as each of the following except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Monosaccharides
B) Disaccharides
C) Polysaccharides
D) Triglycerides
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Alimentary Canal: Digestion and Absorption
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gluten sensitivity, an allergic condition, is an example of a systemic condition. Gluten sensitive patients develop impairment of the small intestine.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Answer: B
Q2) Mechanical aspects of digestion include chewing and hypergeusia. Mechanical actions involve peristalsis, voluntary waves of contraction traveling the whole length of the alimentary tract.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Carbohydrate: the Efficient Fuel
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Sample Questions
Q1) Viscous fibers, also referred to as soluble fibers, delay gastric emptying because their gel-forming ability increases the viscosity of chyme.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q2) Snacks contribute significantly to the nutritional intake of young children and teenagers. Approximately 50% of commonly consumed snack foods contain fermentable carbohydrates.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q3) A patient would like to increase glycogen stores. Which food could you suggest?
A) Beef
B) Fish
C) Donuts
D) Dried beans
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Protein: the Cellular Foundation
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each of following is a characteristic manifestation of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG) except one. Which is the exception?
A) Gingival erythema
B) Necrosis of interdental papilla
C) Marasmus
D) Metallic taste and foul odor
Q2) An edentulous patient dislikes eating meat. What substitutions could the dental hygienist suggest to provide the most protein intake?
A) Milk
B) Grains
C) Fruits
D) Vegetables
Q3) The physiologic role of proteins includes all categories except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Resistance to disease
B) Regulation of fluid balance
C) Energy
D) Repair of tissue
E) Primary source of energy
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Chapter 6: Lipids: the Condensed Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Although overconsumption of fat is a primary concern in healthcare, underconsumption also has serious health consequences. In each of the conditions, underconsumption of fat is a concern except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Malabsorption syndromes
B) Cystic fibrosis
C) AIDS
D) Hypertension
Q2) In the Unites States plant sterols are added to products to indirectly reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) because they may interfere with cholesterol absorption.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q3) Which of the following fats is the most saturated?
A) Soybean
B) Canola
C) Palm
D) Oliver
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Use of the Energy Nutrients: Metabolism and Balance
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each of the following is true of metabolic interrelationships except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Carbohydrates can be used in forming nonessential amino acids.
B) Glucose can be converted to fatty acids and some amino acids.
C) Proteins contribute to synthesis of some lipids.
D) The glycerol from triglycerides can be used for synthesis of carbohydrates.
Q2) Each of the following accurately describes aspects of lipid metabolism except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Insulin increases fat synthesis.
B) The liver regulates fat metabolism and lipoprotein.
C) Modification of fatty acids deactivates their properties.
D) Liver metabolism results in triglycerides being transported to tissues for energy and other uses.
Q3) The liver performs each of the following actions upon cholesterol except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Produces cholesterol
B) Converts cholesterol to urea
C) Removes cholesterol from the blood
D) Uses cholesterol to make bile salt
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Vitamins Required for Calcified Structures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Oily fish are considered excellent sources of vitamin D. Each of the following is an oily fish except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Salmon
B) Cod
C) Mackerel
D) Sardines
E) Tuna
Q2) Uncontrolled use of vitamin D supplements by older patients with osteoporosis can result in diminished bone mass because excess levels result in vitamin D intoxication.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q3) Which form of vitamin K is the most potent?
A) Phylloquinone
B) Ergocalciferol
C) Menaquinone
D) Menadione
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Minerals Essential for Calcified Structures
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Sample Questions
Q1) Nourishment for the dentin is provided by:
A) bioavailable calcium.
B) odontoblasts.
C) phosphorus.
D) osteoid.
Q2) Each of the following is true of phosphorus except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Phosphorus is the second most abundant mineral in the body.
B) Phosphorus is mainly found in the muscles and bone.
C) It is responsible for transfer and release of energy.
D) It is involved in metabolism of fats, carbohydrates, and proteins.
Q3) Fluoride is advantageous to dental health because of its systemic effects before tooth eruption and both systemic and topical effects after toot eruption.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
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Chapter 10: Nutrients Present in Calcified Structures
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Q1) Copper deficiency causes lesions within connective tissues and bone. Lesions resemble those seen in vitamin A and vitamin D deficiencies.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q2) Osteodystrophy
A)Keshan disease
B)Excess selenium
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium
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Chapter 11: Vitamins Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands
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Q1) A deficiency of riboflavin can lead to pellagra. Riboflavin is not known to be toxic, but there is no benefit from high doses.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q2) Oral contraceptives may reduce maternal levels during pregnancy and lactation
A)Antigenic
B)Filiform papillae
C)Vitamin B<sub>6</sub>
D)Circumvallate lingual papillae
E)Angular cheilosis
F)Xerostomia
G)Cobalamin
H)Thiamin
I)Folate
J)Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome
K)Pellagra
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Chapter 12: Fluids and Minerals Required for Oral Soft
Tissues and Salivary Glands
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elevated serum sodium level
A)Semi-permeable membrane
B)Osmosis
C)Hemochromatosis
D)Metabolism of protein and carbohydrate
E)Antidiuretic hormone
F)Coliforms
G)Chloride
H)Peripheral edema
I)Diaphoresis
J)Anions
K)Hypernatremia
L)Myxedema
M)Hyperkalemia
Q2) Dissolved substances that freely cross cellular membranes are:
A) osmoreceptors.
B) solutes.
C) renin.
D) cations.
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Chapter 13: Nutritional Requirements Affecting Oral Health in
Women
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Q1) Women practicing pica behaviors are usually from lower socioeconomic groups or have less than a high school education. Pica, affecting 10% of American women, is more frequently practiced by women living in densely populated urban areas.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q2) Which of the following are weight-related pregnancy complications? (Select all that apply.)
A) Listeriosis
B) Cesarean delivery
C) Large-for-gestational-age infants
D) Preeclampsia
Q3) Synthesis of keratin in tooth enamel depends on:
A) zinc.
B) vitamin A.
C) vitamin C.
D) vitamin D.
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Chapter 14: Nutritional Requirements During Growth and Development and
Eating Habits Affecting Oral Health
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Q1) Preference for sweet foods
A)DHA
B)Necrotizing enterocolitis
C)Omega-3 fatty acids
D)Innate desire
E)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
F)Bruxism
G)Sealants
Q2) Involuntary grinding or clenching of teeth
A)DHA
B)Necrotizing enterocolitis
C)Omega-3 fatty acids
D)Innate desire
E)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
F)Bruxism
G)Sealants
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Chapter 15: Nutritional Requirements for Older Adults and Eating Habits
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients with xerostomia benefit from lemon glycerin swabs to moisten mucosa because the glycerin contains an alcohol and the swab is flavored with lemon.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q2) Which of the following are associated with malnutrition in older adults? (Select all that apply.)
A) Use of a salivary substitute
B) Impaired immune response
C) Delayed wound healing
D) Eating slowly
E) Greater length of hospital stays
Q3) The primary cause of confusion in older hospitalized patients is thought to be: A) malnutrition.
B) atropic gastritis.
C) dehydration.
D) sarcopenia.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Food Factors Affecting Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which material is free of bisphenol A (BPA)?
A) Metal cans
B) Glass containers
C) Hard plastic
D) Water bottles
Q2) Transformation of non-water-soluble toxins into water soluble compounds
A)Food patterns
B)Habit
C)Food fad
D)Food quackery
E)Detoxification
F)Colonic
G)Chelation therapy
H)Cortisol
Q3) Which term is used to describe medical practices that have been thoroughly evaluated using scientific methods?
A) Meta-analysis
B) Systematic reviews
C) Evidence based
D) Observational studies
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Chapter 17: Effects of Systemic Disease on Nutritional
Status and Oral Health
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Q1) Which of the following are describe oral conditions diabetic patients and dental hygienists should watch for? (Select all that apply.)
A) Changes in the fit of partial denture or bridges
B) Pain when chewing
C) Pale gingiva
D) Teeth feeling "tight"
E) Gingival hyperplasia
Q2) Which of the following is correct and advisable for patients with gastrointestinal problems? (Select all that apply.)
A) Avoid foods that increase the likelihood of reflux.
B) Limit caffeine, chocolate, alcohol, and carbonated beverages.
C) Commonly called heartburn, enzyme tablet supplementation is advisable.
D) Eating small meals throughout the day is advisable.
E) Nitrous oxide during dental treatment decreases the likelihood of an episode.
Q3) The type of medication most likely to induce xerostomia is:
A) antibiotics.
B) diuretics.
C) local anesthetics.
D) anticholinergic.
Page 19
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Prevention, and Treatment
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Q1) Xylitol-containing chewing gums reduce caries rates by inhibiting microbial growth. The dental hygienist should recommend antacids and cough drops as salivary substitutes because they have anticariogenic properties.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q2) Polysaccharides such as rice, potatoes, and corn (starches) are less cariogenic than monosaccharides because the physical and chemical properties of starches render complex carbohydrates less damaging to enamel.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Nutritional Aspects of Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) Periodontal dressing
A)Suppuration
B)Fibrotic
C)Clinical attachment loss
D)Periodontal dressing
E)Borrelia vincenti
F)NUG
G)Methyl red sugar test
Q2) Plaque biofilm is physically removed by eating firm foods, because the increased salivary flow elicited by chewing these foods enhances oral clearance.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q3) Which of the following is true of gingivitis? (Select all that apply.)
A) It is a progressive inflammatory process.
B) It begins in the interdental papilla and advances to the attached gingiva.
C) It is easily identified by its classic, dark reddish-blue color.
D) Excessive stippling is present.
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Nutritional Aspects of Alterations in the Oral
Cavity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Xerostomia has a negative effect on oral tissues, but its effect on dietary intake is typically negligible because this condition is characterized by diminished or absent salivary flow or a change in the viscosity of saliva.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q2) Each of the following is beneficial for orthodontic patients except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Daily fluoride use
B) Alcohol-free antimicrobial rinse
C) Warm salt water rinses
D) Utility wax
E) Foods high in citric acid
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Chapter 21: Nutritional Assessment and Education for Dental Patients
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Q1) Each of the following is a component of formation of a nutrition treatment plan except one. Which one is the exception?
A) Integration and implementation
B) Setting goals
C) Organizational strategies
D) Menu creation
E) Review
Q2) After reviewing the health and dental histories, the dental hygienist has adequate information to begin dietary counseling with the patient. Providing a standardized, low-carbohydrate menu is sufficient for most patients with a high caries rate.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q3) Overall, the most effective method of obtaining dietary information is with the: A) diet history.
B) twenty-four-hour-recall.
C) food frequency questionnaire.
D) food diary.
23
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