Clinical Dental Hygiene
Exam Answer Key
Course Introduction
Clinical Dental Hygiene provides students with foundational knowledge and practical skills necessary for the delivery of comprehensive dental hygiene care. This course emphasizes evidence-based practices, infection control, patient assessment, instrumentation, preventive strategies, and oral health education. Through a combination of didactic instruction and hands-on clinical experiences, students learn to assess patients' oral health, develop individualized care plans, perform dental cleanings, apply sealants and fluoride, and educate patients on oral hygiene maintenance. The course prepares students to work collaboratively with dental professionals and fosters the development of critical thinking, professionalism, and ethical decision-making in a clinical setting.
Recommended Textbook
The Dental Hygienists Guide to Nutritional Care 5th Edition by Cynthia A. Stegeman
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21 Chapters
828 Verified Questions
828 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Overview of Healthy Eating Habits
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Increasing the variety of foods often causes nutrient excesses and toxicities.A dietary change to eliminate or increase intake of one specific food or nutrient usually alters the intake of other nutrients.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Answer: D
Q2) The MyPlate food guidance icon is divided into sextants,each of which is a different color to represent a different food type.MyPyramid replaced the well-known MyPlate icon in 2011.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Answer: B
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3
Chapter 2: Concepts in Biochemistry
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Enzymes perform all the chemical reactions of metabolism involving degradation and biosynthesis of biomolecules required for life.Proteases,amylases,and lipases are coenzymes.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Answer: C
Q2) In general,a condensation reaction creates a new molecule by:
A) breaking a larger molecule into two smaller molecules.
B) forming an ionic bond between a metal and a nonmetal ion.
C) forming a bond between two smaller molecules.
D) sharing two electrons between two nonmetals.
Answer: C
Q3) Which is NOT a characteristic or function of lipids?
A) Involve energy metabolism and storage.
B) Provide insulation and protection.
C) Act as hormones that regulate the body.
D) Are hydrophilic.
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: The Alimentary Canal: Digestion and Absorption
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is not uncommon for an elderly patient to state that food "just doesn't taste good," because the impairment of the olfactory nerves is prevalent in older adults.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Answer: A
Q2) Each is true of carbohydrate digestion,except one.Which is the exception?
A) Digestion begins with salivary amylase.
B) Hydrolysis begins within the mouth.
C) Ptyalin is an enzyme involved in carbohydrate digestion.
D) Xerostomia increases digestive function.
Answer: D
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5
Chapter 4: Carbohydrate: The Efficient Fuel
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51 Verified Questions
51 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) While counseling a patient about the benefits of fiber,each of the following suggestions are correct,except one.Which is the exception?
A) Fiber increases the stool bulk.
B) Fiber provides muscle tone for digestive muscles.
C) Fiber enables increased colonic pressure.
D) Fiber slows starch hydrolysis.
Q2) Carbohydrate metabolism requires an adequate supply of B vitamins and two minerals-calcium and magnesium.Usually,adequate amounts of nutrients accompany carbohydrate intake except when refined sugars and breads are the predominant choices.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q3) Which monosaccharide is the most sweet?
A) Glucose
B) Dextrose
C) Fructose
D) Sucrose
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Protein: The Cellular Foundation
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tissue building,maintenance,and repair are physiologic roles of proteins and carbohydrates because both nutrients provide essential amino acids necessary for these functions.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q2) The distinguishing feature of amino acids is the amine group.This nitrogen source is not present in carbohydrates but is present in fats and many vitamins.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q3) Per kilogram of body weight,which group has the lowest RDA for protein?
A) Infants
B) Children
C) Pregnant women
D) Men
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Lipids: The Condensed Energy
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41 Verified Questions
41 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Stearic acid is associated with heart disease because it has a detrimental effect on serum cholesterol.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q2) Select foods that contain partially hydrogenated fats because they contain trans fatty acids.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q3) Which is NOT a recommendation in the Dietary Guidelines?
A) Consumption of SFAs and trans fats should be as low as possible.
B) Less than 10% of kilocalories should come from saturated fats.
C) Replace saturated fats with monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats.
D) Substitute saturated fats with high carbohydrate foods.
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Page 8
Chapter 7: Use of the Energy Nutrients: Metabolism and Balance
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37 Verified Questions
37 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the last trimester of pregnancy,the BMR increases approximately 15% to 30%.The amount of energy necessary to produce milk for lactation can increase the BMR 40%.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q2) For adults of all ages,one to two alcoholic drinks daily results in the lowest mortality rate because moderate alcohol consumption provides protective effects on the cardiovascular system.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q3) During which period of life is the basal metabolic rate (BMR)the highest?
A) The neonatal period
B) Birth through 2 years of age
C) During the first 2 to 3 months of puberty
D) During the early geriatric years
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Vitamins Required for Calcified Structures
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48 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fat-soluble vitamins are different from water-soluble vitamins because the body is able to store only small amounts of fat-soluble vitamins.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q2) Uncontrolled use of vitamin D supplements by older patients with osteoporosis can result in diminished bone mass because excess levels result in vitamin D intoxication.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q3) Each is a fat-soluble vitamin,except one.Which is the exception?
A) Vitamin A
B) Vitamin C
C) Vitamin D
D) Vitamin K
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Minerals Essential for Calcified Structures
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46 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Despite wide variations in calcium intake,serum calcium is relatively constant because each cell has a vital need for calcium.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q2) Consumption of soft drinks is often recommended to increase serum phosphorus levels.Hyperphosphatemia can be a risk factor cardiac disease.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q3) Which does NOT enhance absorption of calcium supplements?
A) Sucrose
B) Dextrose
C) Lactose
D) Mineral oil
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Chapter 10: Nutrients Present in Calcified Structures
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30 Verified Questions
30 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A moderate intake of selenium has been linked to reduced risks of prostate,lung,and colon cancers and heart disease because of its role as an antioxidant.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q2) Endemic cardiac myopathy
A)Keshan disease
B)Excess selenium
C)Tin
D)Copper
E)Aluminum
F)Manganese
G)Excess molybdenum
H)Chromium
I)Selenium
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Chapter 11: Vitamins Required for Oral Soft Tissues and Salivary Glands
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beriberi manifests with impairment of the autonomic nervous system.Other symptoms include bradycardia and decreased size of the heart.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q2) Vitamin B is associated with which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A) Excessive amounts are bound to protein and stored in the liver for 3 to 4 years.
B) It functions as a coenzyme in folate metabolism in DNA synthesis.
C) It is essential to the formation and regeneration of red blood cells.
D) Its full name is biotin.
E) After gastric surgery, vitamin B<sub>12</sub> levels are of concern.
Q3) Broken down similar to other supplements
A)Biotin
B)Vitamin C
C)Vitamin A
D)Antioxidants
E)Iron and folic acid
F)Chelated
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Water and Minerals Required for Oral Soft
Tissues and Salivary
Glands
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44 Verified Questions
44 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which accurately describes thirst,as it relates to physiologic aspects of hydration? (Select all that apply.)
A) The early sign of the need for fluid is often mistaken for hunger.
B) Older patients often have a reduced sensation of thirst.
C) Increased blood pressure stimulates release of theanine, which leads to the release of aldosterone.
D) Release of aldosterone by the adrenal cortex causes blood pressure to increase.
E) The ability to regulate water balance is not precise in infants and older adults.
Q2) Which is true of bottled water? (Select all that apply.)
A) Most bottled water contains fluoride.
B) Bottle water also includes flavored and nutrient-added waters.
C) Bottle water is regulated by the U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA).
D) The USDA mandates that nutrient-added and flavored waters not contain kilocalories.
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14
Chapter 13: Nutritional Requirements Affecting Oral Health in
Women
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36 Verified Questions
36 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pregnancy gingivitis usually becomes apparent in the: A) first month.
B) second month.
C) second trimester.
D) third trimester.
Q2) Iron supplements are NOT typically associated with: A) nausea.
B) constipation.
C) high hemoglobin levels.
D) congenital hypothyroidism.
Q3) Tooth development begins early in the second trimester.Calcification of deciduous teeth begins around the fourth month.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
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Chapter 14: Nutritional Requirements During Growth and Development and
Eating Habits
Affecting Oral Health
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43 Verified Questions
43 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sticky carbohydrate foods such as candies,cookies,and pastries are cariogenic,but crackers and raisins are not because crackers and raisins contain less processed,more natural ingredients.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q2) The most common developmental disorder of children
A)DHA
B)Overjet
C)Retrognathic
D)Innate desire
E)Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
F)Bruxism
G)Sealants
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Chapter 15: Nutritional Requirements for Older Adults and Eating Habits Affecting Oral
Health
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Regardless of diet,sodium should be restricted.Milk-based food supplements are economical and can help prevent nutrient deficiencies.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q2) The primary cause of confusion in older hospitalized patients is thought to be:
A) malnutrition.
B) atropic gastritis.
C) dehydration.
D) sarcopenia.
Q3) Which accurately describes age-related macular degeneration? (Select all that apply.)
A) It is characterized by deterioration of the central area of the retina.
B) Lesions on the retina lead to loss of vision.
C) Lutein and zeaxanthin are contributing factors.
D) Vitamin E and beta-carotene supplements are likely to prevent this condition.
E) Fatty fish, such as salmon, provide preventive antioxidants.
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Chapter 16: Other Considerations Affecting Nutrient Intake
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Sample Questions
Q1) Milk is the only food used worldwide.In many cultures,milk is only consumed by adults.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q2) Transformation of non-water-soluble toxins into water-soluble compounds
A)Food patterns
B)Habit
C)Food fad
D)Food quackery
E)Detoxification
F)Colonic
G)Chelation therapy
H)Organic
Q3) Which food additives control growth of mold,bacteria,and yeast?
A) Sodium benzoate, sulfites, and sorbic acid
B) Monoglycerides and diglycerides
C) Casein, pectin, and gelatin
D) Fumaric acid, lactic acid, and phosphoric acid
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Chapter 17: Effects of Systemic Disease on Nutritional
Status and Oral Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Chemotherapeutic drugs cause each detrimental effect,except one.Which is the exception?
A) Hypogeusia
B) Anosmia
C) Slow cellular turnover rate in alimentary tract
D) Stomatitis
E) Mucositis
Q2) Few dental and periodontal changes and no oral mucosal changes are observed in well-controlled diabetes.The fruity-smelling breath characteristic of diabetes is more common in type 2 diabetes.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q3) Which are associated with diabetes mellitus? (Select all that apply.)
A) Oral candidiasis
B) Severe periodontitis
C) Bradykinesia
D) Micrognathia
E) Lowered resistance to infection
Page 19
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Chapter 18: Nutritional Aspects of Dental Caries: Causes,
Prevention, and Treatment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Each group represents situations presenting high caries risk,except one.Which is the exception?
A) Parents of young children
B) Periodontal patients
C) Polypharmacy
D) Orthodontic patients
E) Vegans
Q2) Which ingredients are anticariogenic? (Select all that apply.)
A) Xylitol
B) Fluoride
C) Vitamin waters
D) Chlorhexidine
E) Glycyrrhiza
Q3) Nonnutritive sweeteners are not metabolized by microorganisms and do not promote dental caries.Products made with a nonnutritive sweetener can be used as frequently as 8 to 10 times per day.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
Page 20
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
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Chapter 19: Nutritional Aspects of Gingivitis and Periodontal Disease
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Sample Questions
Q1) A medical and social history can indicate whether a patient is at risk of nutrient deficiencies due to alcoholism or anorexia.A lack of nutrients from such conditions frequently initiates gingival inflammation.
A) Both statements are true.
B) Both statements are false.
C) The first statement is true; the second is false.
D) The first statement is false; the second is true.
Q2) Plaque biofilm is physically removed by eating firm foods because the increased salivary flow elicited by chewing these foods enhances oral clearance.
A) Both the statement and the reason are correct and related.
B) Both the statement and the reason are correct but are not related.
C) The statement is correct, but the reason is not correct.
D) The statement is not correct, but the reason is correct.
E) Neither the statement nor the reason is correct.
Q3) Which is most likely to increase the risk and severity of periodontal disease?
A) Local irritating factors in combination with systemic factors
B) Local irritating factors alone
C) Systemic factors
D) Systemic factors in combination with medications
Page 21
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Chapter 20: Nutritional Aspects of Alterations in the Oral
Cavity
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33 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which are appropriate food choices for the dental hygienist to recommend to a patient experiencing xerostomia? (Select all that apply.)
A) Whole-wheat muffins
B) Peanut butter
C) Gravies and sauces
D) Macaroni and cheese
E) Cottage cheese
Q2) Crackling or crunching sound
A)Sialometric test
B)Dentin hypersensitivity
C)Erosion
D)Abrasion
E)Cheddar cheese
F)Temporomandibular disorder
G)Tinnitus
H)Crepitus
I)Geographic tongue
J)Phytochemicals
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Chapter 21: Nutritional Assessment and Counseling for Dental Hygiene Patients
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which accurately depict aspects of the 24-hour recall diet history? (Select all that apply.)
A) Allows the dental professional to collect data on food consumed during a single day.
B) Quick, easy, and presents a representative sample of dietary intake.
C) Determines how often a patient consumes foods from groupings containing similar nutrient content.
D) Involves weighing and measuring quantities of food consumed.
Q2) Impediments to active listening include which of the following? (Select all that apply.)
A) Interrupting
B) Preparing a response while the other person is speaking
C) Multitasking
D) Finishing the speaker's sentences
E) Eye contact
Q3) Overall,the most effective method of obtaining dietary information is with the:
A) diet history.
B) 24-hour recall.
C) food frequency questionnaire.
D) food diary.
23
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