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Civilizations of the World explores the development and interaction of major civilizations from ancient times to the present, highlighting their unique contributions to human history and global culture. The course examines the political, economic, social, religious, and technological achievements of societies across Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe, and Oceania. Through comparative analysis, students gain an understanding of how diverse civilizations evolved, influenced each other, and responded to challenges such as migration, conflict, trade, and environmental change. This broad historical perspective fosters an appreciation for global interconnectedness and the enduring impact of past civilizations on the modern world.
Recommended Textbook
Heritage of World Civilizations The Combined Volume 10th Edition by Albert M. Craig
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Q1) Imagine that you are an urban citizen living in one of the following cities at the time indicated:
Memphis,2500 B.C.E.; Babylon,1750 B.C.E.; Harappa,2000 B.C.E.; Luoyang,600 B.C.E.
Describe your society,your government,and your religious beliefs.Why would you have wanted to live in this city instead of one of the others listed?
Answer: Answers will vary but may include: Answers will vary, depending upon the city/time period chosen. Answers should include details about the society,government, and religious beliefs. Opinions will vary regarding why the specific city was chosen over the other cities listed.
Q2) Not much is known about the Indus River Valley civilization because
A)modern political upheaval hinders archaeological excavation.
B)the culture was destroyed around 1800 B.C.E.
C)they did not develop a system of writing.
D)it disappeared before 1500 B.C.E.and its writing is still undeciphered.
Answer: D
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Q1) The so-called ten lost tribes originally lived in A)Judah.
B)Phoenicia.
C)Jerusalem.
D)Israel.
Answer: D
Q2) According to the Jewish religion, how should man best serve God?
A)through rituals and prayers
B)through heroic deeds
C)through ethical responsibility
D)through fasting and other forms of self-denial
Answer: C
Q3) Explain the central concept of the Dao,or the Way.What do you think attracted some individuals to Dao concepts? How might its teachings have influenced their behavior? Do you see any similarities to the concept of Dao in other religions?
Answer: Answers may include: The central concept of Daoism is the Dao,or Way.It is mysterious,ineffable,and cannot be named.It is the creator of the universe,the sustainer of the universe,and the process or flux of the universe.
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Q1) What motivated the conquests of Alexander the Great? What impact did Alexander and Greek culture have on the East? To what extent did Greek culture permeate the East?
Answer: Answers may include: Alexander had great plans for the conquest of Persia.He had a grand scheme of amalgamation and conquest.Alexander was filled with plans for the future: for the consolidation and organization of his empire; for geographic exploration; for new cities,roads,and harbors; perhaps even for further conquests in the West.He established many new cities-seventy,according to tradition-mostly along trade routes.These cities promoted commerce and prosperity and introduced Hellenic civilization into new areas.
Q2) Define the concept of a polis.Why did the Greeks consider it to be a unique institution? What are the major differences between a Greek polis and a modern country of Western Europe or America? In what ways are they similar?
Answer: Answers may include: The common translation of polis as "city-state" is misleading.All Greek poleis began as little more than agricultural villages or towns,and many stayed that way.But polis was also thought of as a community of relatives.
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Q1) In the Bhagavad Gita, Lord Krishna presents himself as A)a spirit that requires sacrifice.
B)one of many equal deities.
C)the essence of a leaf,a flower and a fruit offered in devotion.
D)a transcendent supreme deity.
Q2) The Achaemenids imperial success was based in part on their ability to A)enslave those who objected to their rule.
B)tolerate only those religions approved by the state.
C)adapt the governing institutions of their predecessors.
D)use the local currency and weights and measures throughout their empire.
Q3) The greatest emperor of the 6<sup>th</sup> century Sasanid Empire was A)Justinian.
B)Chosroes.
C)Ardashir.
D)Shaput.
Q4) Parthian religious policy is best described as
A)support for Zoroastrianism but toleration of other religions.
B)support for Buddhism and persecution of other religions.
C)support for Christianity and Judaism and suppression of other religions.
D)indifference and agnosticism.
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Q1) The primary religion in the Aksumite Empire was
A)Islam.
B)nature worship.
C)Christianity.
D)a polytheism similar to that in Egypt.
Q2) Bantu peoples managed to impose their languages on earlier cultures because
A)their knowledge of iron smelting gave them a technological advantage.
B)of their military advantage.
C)their loose social confederation allowed them to intermarry easily.
D)None of these answers are correct.
Q3) What is the primary drawback to the reports of outside observers concerning African societies?
A)They only give us reliable access to relatively recent history.
B)There are very few accounts available.
C)They are often strongly biased.
D)They only focus on the larger African societies.
Q4) How would you define the term "civilization"? How has the conflation of the two meanings of this word been used to imply that African societies were backward and therefore inferior?
Q5) How did the spread of Islam affect various African cultures and civilizations?
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Q1) Hannibal planned to defeat Rome by
A)invading Italy.
B)persuading Rome's allies to revolt.
C)defeating Rome's allies.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q2) The most important result of the Struggle of the Orders was to
A)establish a centralized monarchy in Rome under Julius Caesar.
B)give the plebeians a somewhat greater role in Roman government.
C)bring the army into politics and begin a series of civil wars.
D)destroy the economic prosperity of Pax Romana.
Q3) Etruscan civilization declined because
A)of an empire that was not firmly based and a Celtic invasion of the Po Valley.
B)a plague reduced the population.
C)an invasion by the Greeks in southern Italy forced them to abandon their principal center,Tarentum.
D)the Romans succeeded in wiping them out in 509 B.C.E.
Q4) How does the Christian worldview compare to the Roman worldview before the spread of Christianity? What effect do you think the suppression of Christian worship had on the empire? What effects did the official change to Christianity have on the political and cultural life of ancient Rome?
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Q1) Buddhism spread from
A)the Southern Qi then to the Northern Wei,then to India and later to Japan and Korea.
B)the Northern Wei then to the Southern Qi,then to India and later to Japan and Korea.
C)India to the Southern Qi,then to the Northern Wei,and from there to Korea and Japan.
D)India to the Southern Qi and Northern Wei,and from there to Korea and Japan.
Q2) Why did the Later Han Dynasty succeed where the Former Han had failed? What geographic areas were involved in the new empires? Where was most of the opposition to this control?
Q3) The popularity of stories such as the "Peach Blossom Spring" during the later Han Dynasty suggests that many Chinese
A)had become increasingly skeptical about religious explanations for natural phenomena.
B)recognized the awesome power of the Chinese state.
C)saw little that was meaningful in the politics of the day.
D)had a deep appreciation for the personal accomplishment of their emperors.
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Q1) During the Song period, large amounts of copper coins were minted to A)counter inflation.
B)pay tribute to the nomads.
C)facilitate the demand brought on by increasing trade.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q2) What was the impact of Buddhism on the Tang dynasty? Why were there three distinct Buddhist divisions? Did this movement represent certain social strata?
Q3) The major contribution to Chinese arts during the Yuan period was made by A)landscape painters.
B)dramatists.
C)sculptors.
D)poets.
Q4) Compare and contrast the political,social,and economic structure of China during the Tang dynasty to that during the Song dynasty.What were the strengths of the Tang? the Song? What innovations did each dynasty contribute to China?
Q5) Why was Empress Wu (625706)successful in obtaining control in the Tang period How did her role affect Chinese history? Did her influence enhance or detract from the prestige of the Tang Empire?
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Q1) What were the major characteristics of earlier religions in Japan before the arrival of Buddhism? How did Shint differ from Buddhism? In what manner was this development different from religions in China? Why was this movement confined to the islands of Japan?
Q2) Why was Buddhism popular in Japan? What was the importance of the art forms,Mahayana Pantheon,and rituals to the Japanese? Do Confucianism and Daoism have important roles in Japanese religion?
Q3) The most important clan that became preeminent from 856 and that ruled the Heian court from 986 1086 was the A)Taira.
B)Kiyomori.
C)Fujiwara.
D)Minamoto.
Q4) The Yayoi revolution included the agricultural, A)bronze,and iron revolutions.
B)iron,and industrial revolutions.
C)financial,and iron revolutions.
D)cultural,and iron revolutions.
Q5) How did geography affect the development of Japan?
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Q1) Compare the political and economic development of Islamic civilization through 800 C.E.to comparable civilizations in Europe,China,and India.Which society exhibited the most vitality? The least? What factor or factors do you think best explains this vitality?
Q2) The move of the Islamic capital to Baghdad under the "high caliphate" brought more political influence to which group?
A)Orthodox Greeks
B)Egyptians
C)Persians
D)Mamluks
Q3) Discuss the different architectural forms in the major religious buildings of the Muslim faith.How do these compare to religious architecture in the Christian and Chinese world during the Middle Ages? What were the distinctive features and functions of these buildings?
Q4) The Muslim believes in all of the following except:
A)bodily resurrection.
B)hellfire and paradise.
C)baptism.
D)monotheism.
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Q1) The great organizer of western monasticism was
A)John Cassian.
B)Benedict of Nursia.
C)Athanasius.
D)Martin of Tours.
Q2) According to Map 11-1, which invaders approached the heart of the Roman Empire from the southwest?
A)Ostrogoths
B)Huns
C)Vandals
D)Visigoths
Q3) Discuss the political structure that emerged during the Early Middle Ages.What function did vassalage serve? Evaluate the relative efficiency of the vassalage system.What other alternatives,if any,might Europeans have explored?
Q4) In what ways did the Carolingian "renaissance" represent a "rebirth" or "reawakening" of learning? What were its primary achievements?
Q5) Compare and contrast the advance of Islam as it impacted Western Europe and Byzantium.What factors led to the success or failure of Islam against the Christian world?
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Q1) From the beginning,Muslim leaders faced the problem of ruling an India dominated by an utterly different culture and religion.Discuss the problems of Muslim conquerors.What were their primary obstacles to stable rule and how did they deal with them?
Q2) The Hulagu Khan, in his conquest of the Islamic heartlands, spared which of the following?
A)the Hindus because of their lack of resistance
B)the Shi'ites because of their cooperation
C)the Christians because of his wife's influence
D)the Sufis because of their solitary nature
Q3) The Fatimids were a
A)Shi'ite Dynasty in Tunisia,Morocco,Sicily,and Egypt.
B)Isma'ili Dynasty who ruled from Baghdad.
C)Sunni Dynasty that destroyed the Druze and Isma'ili "assassins."
D)Druze Dynasty in modern day Lebanon.
Q4) The major obstacle to Islamic expansion in India, was the presence of the A)Zoroastrian priests known as imams.
B)Buddhist monks.
C)Hindu warrior elites known as Rajputs.
D)Shi'ite holy warriors known as Assassins.
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Q1) More is known about the Aztecs than about other pre-conquest Mesoamerican peoples because
A) pre-conquest Aztecs left extensive written records.
B) post-conquest administrators and missionaries gathered information from surviving Aztecs.
C) no other Mesoamerican peoples created any written record of their own histories.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q2) Both the Aztec and Inca Empires fell in the early sixteenth century when confronted with Spanish forces of a few hundred men.What were the primary reasons for their defeat? Do you think that their defeats were inevitable? Why or why not?
Q3) The Toltec civilization
A) lasted for over a thousand years.
B) influenced the Aztecs in terms of religion and mythology.
C) held a powerful empire that included the Maya centers.
D) All of these answers are correct.
Q4) What role did geography play in the political,economic,and social development of the civilizations in the Americas? How does geography explain the patterns of settlement that emerged?
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Q1) With the collapse of the Ghanaian Empire,
A)the western Sudan broke up into various smaller kingdoms.
B)the Almoravids built a new empire south of the Sahara.
C)Islam retreated from sub-Saharan Africa.
D)None of these answers are correct.
Q2) Describe the political situation of Northern Africa in the eighteenth century.Why did Ottoman influence decline in this region? What was the position of Tunisia,Algeria and the Berbers in this time period compared to the rest of Africa?
Q3) What was the impact of the rivalry between Sunnis and Shi'ites on the evolution of Islam and the states in North Africa?
Q4) What was the importance of the Ghana,Mali and Songhai Empires to world history? Why was the control of trade across the Sahara so important to these kingdoms? What was the importance of Muslim culture to these groups? Why did all of the empires fail in these regions?
Q5) The Portuguese influence on the east coast of Africa brought
A)economic prosperity.
B)economic decline.
C)political unity.
D)religious unity.
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Q1) One of the dominant features of Renaissance thought was a(n)
A)study of ancient Greek and Roman culture.
B)hostility to all forms of Christian religion.
C)admiration for Chinese philosophy.
D)distrust of all government and political authority.
Q2) Unam Sanctam was a
A)papal bull designed to eliminate the Cathar heresy.
B)papal bull calling for unity for the purpose of launching a new crusade.
C)statement of papal power issued by Boniface VIII.
D)statement of a slate of reforms to church practices.
Q3) What were the primary motivations for the Crusades? Why did the Church support them? Why did so many Europeans enlist to fight in them? How would you evaluate their overall success? What do you think the primary long-term effects of the Crusades were?
Q4) At the beginning of the sixteenth century, the growing cost of warfare led European rulers to use all of the following financial methods except
A)Ferdinand and Blanche of Castile
B)Philip II and Johanna
C)Ferdinand and Isabella
D)Henry of Navarre and Catherine of Aragon
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Q1) One of the main reasons Protestant criticisms of the church did not find support in Spain was because
A)Spanish church leaders had carried out clerical reforms earlier.
B)there were fewer people who could read Latin in Spain than in northern Europe.
C)most Spaniards were preoccupied with colonizing the Americas.
D)None of these answers are correct.
Q2) "The Thirty Years' War is the outstanding example in European history of meaningless conflict." Evaluate this statement.How could the war have been avoided?
Q3) Columbus's voyage of 1492 marked the
A)beginning of "Columbian Exchange."
B)start of the destruction of native civilizations in the Americas.
C)rise of Spain to a major political role in Europe.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q4) The Huguenots were
A)French Catholics.
B)French merchants.
C)French Calvinist Protestants.
D)elite French troops.

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Q1) The single most important element in the success of the European conquest of the Americas was the
A)disease that decimated native populations.
B)fact that native Americans lacked horses.
C)technological disparity between native Americans and Europeans.
D)None of these answers are correct.
Q2) Why were Europeans able to dominate Native American civilizations so completely from the 16th through 18th centuries? Did all Europeans adopt the same approach toward Native Americans during their exploration and colonization of the Americas? If not,how and why did their approaches differ?
Q3) According to the four-stage model of European commercial empires, exploration and conquest is followed by trade rivalry, which is followed in turn by A)civil war,and finally dictatorship in the colonies.
B)independence for the colonies,which is followed by revolution in the home country.
C)formal empires,and finally independence for the colonies.
D)dictatorship in the home country,which is followed by the creation of formal empires.
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Q1) The mouse that swallowed the elephant refers to whose control of China?
A)Mongol
B)Manchu
C)Japanese
D)Korean
Q2) All of the following are reasons Christianity was more accepted in Japan than in China <U>except</U>
A)the similar roles played by Japanese and Christian holy figures.
B)the doctrinal similarities between Pure Land Buddhism and Christianity.
C)that the Jesuits exemplified strong personal examples of the benefits of Christianity. D)that the Japanese rulers lacked the strength to ban it.
Q3) What arguments have been presented that explain why China did not undergo an industrial revolution following the third commercial revolution? Which argument do you find the most compelling?
Q4) Cash crops introduced into the Yangzi region were
A)silk and cotton.
B)corn and millet.
C)soybeans and peanuts.
D)sweet potatoes and rice.
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Q1) Compare and contrast the state-building efforts in Prussia,Russia,France,and England.Which do you think was most successful? The least? To what factor or factors would you attribute relative success?
Q2) A major goal of Peter the Great's reforms was to
A)increase the military power of Russia.
B)promote religious toleration.
C)oppose Westernization.
D)gain noble support through protecting birthrights.
Q3) Russian ballads suggest that the common people of Russia
A)knew that they received better treatment than their counterparts in western Europe.
B)did not recognize the difference between serfdom and slavery.
C)blamed the Tsar for the terrible conditions under which they suffered.
D)used legal means to resolve their conflicts with the nobility.
Q4) The Industrial Revolution started in Britain for all of the following reasons except A)the lack of internal barriers to trade.
B)the stability of the political structure.
C)taxation was not especially heavy.
D)the availability of raw materials.

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20: The Last Great Islamic Empires, 1500-1800
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Q1) In the 16th century, Muslim influence along the maritime rim of Asia declined because of Portuguese
A)superior naval power.
B)exploitation of indigenous rivalries.
C)use of terror against all who opposed their objectives.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q2) One of the most important accomplishments of Shah Abbas I (ruled 1588 1629) was
A)opening up trade with the developing Russian state.
B)the centralization of the Safavid military command structure.
C)breaking the Portuguese trade monopoly along Persian shores.
D)launching the successful invasions in Khorasan.
Q3) The mounted warriors of the Safavid Empire were the A)Sikhs.
B)devshirme.
C)parsis.
D)Qizilbash.
Q4) What role did geography play in the political,economic,and religious development of the Islamic world? What limitations did geography place on the rulers of Islamic empires? How successful were they at overcoming these limitations?
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Q1) Under the reforms of Joseph II, Austrian peasants
A)were able to marry without permission from their lord.
B)were able to vote.
C)were owned by their lords.
D)became landowners.
Q2) The primary aim of Russian expansion in the 17th and 18th centuries was to
A)unite the Slavic people in a single empire.
B)secure navigable ports.
C)counter threats from the rising powers in Asia.
D)prevent internal revolts from destabilizing the government.
Q3) Johannes Kepler
A)vigorously opposed Copernican theory.
B)publicized the Copernican theory by writing popular books.
C)provided data to help prove the Copernican theory.
D)devised mathematical formulas to explain the Copernican universe.
Q4) During the Enlightenment, salon culture
A)provided a pivotal role for women as purveyors of new ideas.
B)relegated women to frivolous roles as hostesses of tea parties.
C)limited the influence of women to the domestic sphere.
D)promoted the principle of equality for women of all social classes.
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Q1) The Monroe Doctrine demanded
A)the sale of Florida to the United States.
B)the independence of Canada.
C)an end to European intervention in the Americas.
D)both the sale of Florida to the United States and the independence of Canada.
Q2) The Stamp Act put a tax on
A)legal documents.
B)postage stamps.
C)communications with England.
D)the ownership of slaves.
Q3) What were the weaknesses of the French monarchy? How did France's economic situation affect the revolution? How did subsequent governments try to address French economic problems? Which was the most successful?
Q4) Which of the following was not a part of the settlement of the Congress of Vienna?
A)The kingdom of the Netherlands was to be established.
B)The Holy Roman Empire was to be revived.
C)Prussia was to be given territory along the Rhine River to deter French aggression.
D)Austria was to be given full control of northern Italy.
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Q1) The two countries that used nationalism to unite internally in the late 19th century were
A)France and Italy.
B)Italy and Germany.
C)Britain and Germany.
D)Germany and Russia.
Q2) The most significant consequence of the Revolutions of 1848 was the
A)establishment of liberal governments in central Europe.
B)increasingly violent tactics employed by the working classes.
C)triumph of nationalism as a force for political change.
D)emergence of strongly conservative governments across Europe.
Q3) What were the primary reasons for the political consolidation of North America and Europe during the nineteenth century? What were the most significant consequences of that consolidation?
Q4) What were the tenets of liberalism? Who were the liberals and how did liberalism affect the political developments of the early 19th century? What relationship does liberalism have to nationalism?
Q5) What was the purpose of the Great Reform Bill? What did it achieve? Would you call it a "revolutionary" document?
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Q1) All of the following contributed to U.S. industrial expansion in the late 19th century <U>except</U>
A)the creation of a vast railway network.
B)the development of American investment banking.
C)the arrival of millions of European immigrants.
D)American attitudes towards entrepreneurship.
Q2) The social gospel was a movement to
A)spread socialist ideas among the working classes.
B)support social reform for Christian reasons.
C)refute Darwin's concept of evolution.
D)convert new immigrants to Christianity.
Q3) For the factory worker, the first half of the 19th century was a period of A)full employment.
B)security and stability.
C)uncertainty and transition.
D)worsening conditions and lower wages.
Q4) How and why did the middle class change in its political and social outlook by the end of the nineteenth century?
Page 26
Q5) By 1914 the leading industrial power in the world was
Q6) Why and how were Jews emancipated across Europe during the nineteenth century?
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Q1) Slavery continued to exist until 1888 in A)Mexico.
B)Chile.
C)Argentina.
D)Brazil.
Q2) The caudillos who tended to dominate the political scene in 19th and 20th century Latin America were
A)republican leaders who promoted liberal legal and economic reforms.
B)strong,often oppressive leaders with ties to the military.
C)fiery nationalist leaders who supported breaking ties with Western powers.
D)leaders of the movement for the rights of Native Americans,including land redistribution.
Q3) Detail and explain the causes and events of the Mexican Revolution.How did race,economics,and religion influence the revolution? What leaders were successful and why? Were there any parallels to the war against Maximilian? How did the war affect American-Mexican relations? Detail the resulting political situation after the conflict.What changed? What remained the same?
Q4) The construction of Brasília
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Chapter 26: India, the Islamic Heart-lands, and Africa,
1800-1945
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Q1) Tâhâ Hussein argued that integration of Western ideas into Egyptian society
A)desecrated the native tradition.
B)represented a return to Egypt's roots.
C)would have little impact.
D)was a violation of the Shari'a.
Q2) In southern Africa, the kingdom of Lesotho was exceptional because
A)Its leader maintained independence through diplomacy.
B)it retained traditional African religions rather than converting to Islam.
C)it came under British control.
D)the monarch was not a Bantu.
Q3) What was the immediate trigger of the Revolt of 1857?
A)religious objections to the use of animal grease
B)failure to pay the Indian troops
C)abuse of Indian troops by British commanders
D)desire for self-rule and political emancipation
Q4) The Wahhabis emphasized the
A)purification and strengthening of Islamic belief.
B)modification of Islamic beliefs to better support modernization.
C)mingling of Islamic and Western beliefs.
D)emulation of Western beliefs and practices.
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Q1) The Boxer Rebellion of 1900
A)convinced the conservative Chinese leaders to stop clinging to old ways.
B)demonstrated the futility of reform in China and the power of tradition.
C)showed that the common people of China were more open to foreign influence than the leadership.
D)ended with a much-needed military victory for the Chinese armies.
Q2) The Treaty of Nanjing
A)showed the military weakness of the British army (not the navy).
B)led to the decline and eventual end of the opium trade in China.
C)ended the British monopoly on trade in China.
D)gave Great Britain privileged legal and trading rights in China.
Q3) The Long March refers to
A)Jian Jieshi's elimination of the Japanese army.
B)Mao's flight from Jiang in 1934.
C)Mao's vision of his "new" brand of Marxism.
D)the Chinese flight before Japanese invaders in 1937.
Q4) How did political parties operate in Japan? Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the Japanese constitution.
Q5) Which event led to the downfall of the Nanjing government and the rise of the Communists?
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Q1) Detail the Balkan War.Who were the combatants? What was at stake? What influence did Bismarck and other outside powers have on the war? How did the war presage what would be coming in World War I?
Q2) Under King Leopold II of Belgium, the Congo was administered
A)under international humanitarian norms.
B)as a model for governance and economic development.
C)as the king's own personal property.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q3) John Singer Sargents Gassed reflects which attitude towards WWI?
A)War is heroic and glorious.
B)War is a time of brotherhood.
C)War is a means to an end.
D)War is horrific.
Q4) The Second Moroccan Crisis of 1911 resulted in
A)increased British fear and hostility toward Germany.
B)the French gaining territory in North Africa.
C)the sinking of the German gunboat,Panther.
D)the independence of Morocco.
Q5) Discuss the Alliance system.How did the creation of formal military pacts contribute to WWI?
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Q1) In the United States, the Great Depression had its most pervasive impact on A)agricultural production.
B)the employment rate.
C)international trade.
D)the banking industry.
Q2) Could the Weimar Republic have taken root in Germany,or was its failure inevitable? Between 1919 and 1929,what were the republic's greatest weaknesses? Strengths? To what extent did its fate depend on personalities rather than underlying trends?
Q3) Stalins great purges seemed to be primarily aimed at A)old Bolsheviks who had been loyal to others.
B)young up-and-coming Communists who threatened him.
C)foreign agents who had infiltrated the Soviet system.
D)industrial and agricultural workers.
Q4) Why did Stalin decide that Russia had to industrialize rapidly? Why did this require the collectivization of agriculture? What obstacles stood in the way of collectivization and how did Stalin overcome them?
Q5) Explain the causes of the Depression of the 1930s.Why was it so much more severe and longer lasting than previous depressions? How,if at all,could it have been avoided?
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Q1) How was Hitler able to defeat France so easily in 1940? Why was the air war against Britain a failure? Why did Hitler invade Russia? Why did the invasion of Russia fail? Could it have succeeded?
Q2) The German general who was successful against the British in North Africa was A)Moeltke.
B)von Ludendorff.
C)von Hindenburg.
D)Rommel.
Q3) Pick one campaign or battle of World War II that you feel to be the most important turning point in ending the war.Where and when did it occur? Who were the combatants? What happened there? Why was this campaign important in ending the war?
Q4) The Sitzkrieg was
A)a period of little activity on the western front before the invasion of France. B)a new offensive maneuver that combined rapidly advancing tanks and aerial bombing.
C)the style of fighting that characterized tank warfare in Africa during World War II. D)a term used to describe the stalemate of trench warfare.
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Q1) The year 1956 saw all of the following events <u>except </u>
A)the Suez Canal crisis.
B)an Egyptian-Israeli war.
C)the peace treaty ending the Korean war.
D)the Hungarian rebellion against the Soviet Union.
Q2) Which Communist countries were not part of the Warsaw Pact?
A)Hungary and Czechoslovakia
B)Poland and Bulgaria
C)Yugoslavia and Albania
D)East Germany and Hungary
Q3) Which of the following sequences of Cold War events is in the correct chronological order?
A)outbreak of Korean War,Berlin Blockade,Berlin Wall erected,Cuban Missile Crisis
B)Berlin Blockade,outbreak of Korean War,Cuban Missile Crisis,Berlin Wall erected
C)Berlin Wall erected,Berlin Blockade,Cuban Missile Crisis,outbreak of Korean War
D)Berlin Blockade,outbreak of Korean War,Berlin Wall erected,Cuban Missile Crisis
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Q1) The occupation of Japan after World War II
A)was constructive and led to the reconstruction of the Japanese economy.
B)was harsh and vindictive.
C)soured the Japanese on democratic ideas.
D)reinvigorated the Japanese faith in militarism.
Q2) The Soviet Period in Chinese history included all of the following economic and political changes <u>except</u>
A)reorganization of the government along Soviet lines.
B)agricultural reform through collectivization.
C)high expenditures in developing technological weapons programs.
D)implementation of massive public works projects.
Q3) The reason for the Sino Soviet rift in the early 1960s was
A)border disputes.
B)Soviet condemnation of Stalin.
C)withdrawal of Soviet aid.
D)All of these answers are correct.
Q4) How would you describe the "economic miracle" of Japan since 1945? What role did the United States have in this development? Why did Japan languish in recession during the 1990s?
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Q1) A U.S.-led coalition invaded Iraq in 2003 for all of the following reasons<u> except to</u>
A)destroy weapons of mass destruction.
B)force a regime change in the Iraqi government.
C)promote democratic reforms.
D)locate and arrest Osama Bin Laden.
Q2) As early as 1945, the Pan-African Congress demanded African freedom for all of the following reasons <u>except</u>
A)the disparity of economic benefits from African development.
B)the legacy of violence and slavery left by European colonialism.
C)the broken promises made by European countries during World War I.
D)that it would prepare them to be citizens of a unified world government.
Q3) The Camp David Accords of 1978
A)recognized the legitimacy of the PLO.
B)established a peaceful agreement between Egypt and Israel.
C)led to the Israeli invasion of Lebanon.
D)decided the fate of the West Bank and the Gaza strip.
Q4) What were some of the most prominent concerns faced by the nation of Iran during the 20th century? What about the early 21st century? How has the Revolution of 1979 changed the nation of Iran?
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