Civilization and Culture Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the development of civilizations and the intricate relationship between culture and societal growth throughout history. Students will examine how civilizations rise, flourish, and influence one another through cultural, political, economic, religious, and artistic exchanges. The course addresses fundamental questions about identity, values, tradition, and change by analyzing primary sources and case studies from a variety of global regions and eras. Emphasis is placed on understanding the complex dynamics that have shaped the human experience and appreciating the diversity of world cultures in both historical and contemporary contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Culture and Values A Survey of the Humanities 8th Edition by Lawrence S. Cunningham
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Beginnings
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Q1) What was Sumerian religion based upon?
A)animal worship
B)spirits of ancestors
C)natural phenomena
D)monotheism
Answer: C
Q2) Who succeeded the Minoans?
A)the Sumerians
B)the Persians
C)the Mycenaeans
D)the Kassites
Answer: C
Q3) Who discovered the civilization which predated the Mycenaeans?
A)Sir Arthur Evans
B)Lord Wilton Spiel
C)Heinrich Schliemann
D)Howard Carter
Answer: A
Q4) _______________________ Assyrian king of ancient Mesopotamia.
Answer: Ashurbanipal
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Chapter 2: The Rise of Greece
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Q1) Who are Achilles, Agamemnon, Hector, Patroclus and Priam?
A)The main characters in the Odyssey
B)Greek gods
C)The main characters in the Iliad
D)Greek philosophers
Answer: C
Q2) What role did mythology serve in the lives of the Greeks?
A)Mythology was understood to represent an accurate and incontrovertible recounting of historical fact.
B)Mythology was understood to represent the direct word of God.
C)Mythology was understood to help humans understand their own lives.
D)Mythology was purely a vehicle for entertainment.
Answer: C
Q3) _______________________ Excessive pride and ambition.
Answer: Hubris
Q4) _______________________ Draped, standing, female figure.
Answer: Kore
Q5) _______________________ A hymn in a Greek tragedy.
Answer: Dithyramb
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Chapter 3: Classical Greece and the Hellenistic Period
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Q1) What school did Aristotle found in 335 B.C.E.?
A)The Parthenon
B)The Acropolis
C)The Lyceum
D)The Academy
Answer: C
Q2) What name is given to the period of Greek history between the Persian Wars and the death of Alexander the Great?
A)The Hellenistic Period
B)The Alexandrian Period
C)The Classical Period
D)The Athenian Period
Answer: C
Q3) Who introduced the idea of catharsis in the analysis of drama?
A)Aristotle
B)Plato
C)Socrates
D)Pythagoras
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Rome
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Q1) Which Roman literary work is a key source of information about Greek and Roman mythology?
A)Meditations
B)The Aeneid
C)Sulpicia
D)Metamorphoses
Q2) _______________________ A region in north-central Italy where Etruscan civilization flourished.
Q3) Which writer and orator defended the Roman Republic by putting down a plot against the government?
A)Terence
B)Virgil
C)Cicero
D)Lucretius
Q4) What was the subject of the Jus Civile of Julius Caesar?
A)Civil Liberty
B)Roman Law
C)Romantic Love
D)Military Strategy
Q5) _______________________ Epic poem about the founding of Rome
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Ancient Civilizations of India and China
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Q1) What prompted the Christian church to create the position of cantor?
Q2) Who were the three most important kings of the United Monarchy of Canaan?
A)Saul, David, and Solomon
B)Abraham, Isaac, and Saul
C)Methuselah, Noah, and David
D)Jobe, Jacob, and Solomon
Q3) What musical tradition had the greatest influence on early Christian churches?
A)Early troubadour songs
B)Jewish chanting of sacred texts
C)The musical practices of the Roman Empire
D)The musical practices of Classical Greece
Q4) What is responsorial singing?
A)Singing in which the choir responds to the congregation's lines
B)Singing in which two sections of the congregation alternate in chanting lines from psalms
C)Singing in which the congregation chants beneath cantor's line
D)Singing in which the congregation responds to cantor's lines
Q5) What is the difference between a "prophet" and a "seer"? What was the main function of prophets in the Judeo-Christian traditions?
Page 7
Q6) _______________________ An underground cemetery
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Chapter 6: The Rise of the Biblical Tradition
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Q1) Which church leader presides in a cathedral?
A)Bishop
B)Priest
C)Monk
D)Cardinal
Q2) _______________________ Triangular section of vaulting that supports a dome
Q3) _______________________ A group of early Christians that saw Jesus as distinct from God the Father.
Q4) In The City of God, what was Augustine's explanation for the Visigoth sacking of Rome in 410? What group did many Romans blame for the event?
Q5) What city was the center of imperial life in the Roman Empire in the fifth and early sixth centuries?
A)Venice
B)Constantinople
C)Rome
D)Ravenna
Q6) _______________________ A word that literally "image breaking" and refers to the destruction of religious pictures and statues
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Q7) _______________________The small colored cubes that make up a mosaic
Chapter 7: Early Christianity: Ravenna and Byzantium
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Q1) What city became the Muslim capital in Spain?
A)Madrid
B)Seville
C)Valencia
D)Córdoba
Q2) What city was the political and cultural capital of the Abbasid Dynasty?
A)Damascus
B)Jerusalem
C)Baghdad
D)Cairo
Q3) _______________________ The fasting month in the Muslim calendar
Q4) What was the name of the palace complex in Granada that escaped destruction during the Reconquista?
A)Al-Uqlidisi
B)Hadith
C)Alhambra
D)Mecca
Q5) _______________________ Niche inside mosque which faces Mecca
Q6) _______________________ A pilgrimage to Mecca
Q7) What religious legends surround the location of the Dome of the Rock?
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Chapter 8: Islam
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are the themes of the morality play Everyman?
Q2) What is a melisma?
A)an evening prayer
B)an elaborate morning worship service
C)a single, sustained musical pitch
D)an intricate series of musical notes
Q3) In what town did Charlemagne build his palace and royal chapel?
A)Aachen
B)Poitiers
C)Roncesvalles
D)Rome
Q4) _______________________Latin for "plainsong" or "plainchant"
Q5) _______________________A book of psalms
Q6) Who wrote The Conversion of the Harlot Thais?
A)Charlemagne
B)Hildegard von Bingen
C)Roswitha
D)Harun al-Rashid
Q7) What were the important economic developments of Charlemagne's reign?
Q8) _______________________Grammar, rhetoric, and dialectic
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Chapter 9: The Rise of Medieval Culture
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Q1) What was the specific reason that La Sainte Chapelle was built?
A)To provide a meditative retreat for Saint Francis of Assisi
B)To house relics of Christ's Passion
C)To house relics of Saint Chapelle
D)To provide a vacation home for Robert de Sorbon.
Q2) _______________________ Musical compositions with three voices, often singing in different languages.
Q3) What was the original meaning of the term universitas?
A)academy
B)meeting-place
C)knowledge
D)corporation
Q4) How did the cathedral play an integral part in the lives of the townspeople?
Q5) _______________________ Method for reconciling conflicting theological opinions.
Q6) _______________________ A moral example used in preaching and theology.
Q7) What characterizes the music of the school of Notre-Dame?
Q8) What factors explain the rise of formal educational institutions in twelfth-century Europe?
Q9) _______________________ External masonry supports for Gothic cathedrals. Page 11
Q10) How does Gothic sculpture differ from Romanesque sculpture?
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Page 12
Chapter 10: The High Middle Ages
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Q1) Who was crowned poet laureate of Rome in 1348?
A)Petrarch
B)Boccaccio
C)Dante
D)Boethius
Q2) Who was the greatest English writer of the 1300s?
A)Geoffrey Chaucer
B)William Shakespeare
C)Peter Abelard
D)John Wycliff
Q3) What style is exemplified by Simone Martin's Annunciation?
A)The Byzantine Style
B)The International Style
C)The Florentine Style
D)The Venetian Style
Q4) _______________________ Medieval verse tales with comic, ribald themes
Q5) What shift occurred in the role of the musician and composer in the fourteenth century?
Q6) What were the various responses that people had to the catastrophe of the plague?
Page 13
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Chapter 11: The Fourteenth Century: a Time of Transition
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Q1) What was the primary source of the Medici family's wealth?
A)shipping
B)banking
C)wool trade
D)agriculture
Q2) Who was the greatest Florentine sculptor of the first half of the 1400s?
A)Donatello
B)Michelangelo
C)Masaccio
D)Botticelli
Q3) What famous painting of Sandro Botticelli celebrates the spring?
A)The Birth of Venus
B)Madonna of the Rocks
C)La Primavera
D)Giovanni Arnolfini and his Bride
Q4) What were seen as the advantages of humanist education and learning?
A)It would perfect and ennoble man.
B)It would provide entertainment.
C)It would satisfy humanity's basest desires.
D)It would leave to a life of solitary religious devotion.
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Chapter 12: The Renaissance in the Fifteenth Century
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Q1) Which Renaissance sculptor is associated with the belief that his role was to carve away the excess in a block of marble to liberate the figure within?
A)Donatello
B)Raphael
C)Michelangelo
D)Bramante
Q2) _______________________ A painting technique using strong contrasts of light and darkness
Q3) Who painted Venus of Urbino?
A)Giorgione
B)Sanzio
C)Titian
D)Strozzi
Q4) In The Creation of Adam, why is the finger of God reaching out to man?
A)To give him a warning
B)To punish him
C)To reveal truth to him
D)To bring him to life
Q5) How did Cellini's life compare with the ideal set forth by Castiglione?
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Chapter 13: The High Renaissance and Mannerism in Italy
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Q1) Who was the most famous French composer of chansons in the 1500s?
A)Clement Janequin
B)Thomas Tallis
C)Clement Marot
D)Henrich Isaac
Q2) _______________________ Open area around an Elizabethan stage
Q3) Which Elizabethan composer wrote ayres for lute and voice?
A)Thomas Morley
B)John Dowland
C)William Byrd
D)John Dunstable
Q4) What popular musical compositions did Thomas Morley write?
A)ballads
B)motets
C)madrigals
D)frottolas
Q5) _______________________ Keyboard instrument which was played on a lap or table
Q6) What does the image of Christ in the Isenheim Altarpiece suggest about Grünewald's interest in the Renaissance conception of ideal beauty and the humanist interest in classical antiquity? How does Grünewald depict the Crucifixion?
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Chapter 14: The High Renaissance in the North
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Q1) _______________________ Novel telling a story involving a rogue or adventurer
Q2) Which Dutch artist is best known for his quiet scenes of ordinary domestic life?
A)van Dyck
B)Rubens
C)Vermeer
D)Sweelinck
Q3) What kinds of subjects were commonly commissioned from Dutch painters?
A)Group portraits
B)Solo portraits
C)Battle scenes
D)Agricultural scenes
Q4) What was the name of the military religious order founded by Ignatius Loyola? Why was it so successful?
Q5) Who was Rubens' assistant before beginning his own career as an artist?
A)Heinrich Schütz
B)Annibale Carracci
C)Diego Velázquez
D)Anthony van Dyck
Q6) _______________________ Italian word for "slow," used to indicate musical tempo
Q7) _______________________ Poetic form Milton used for Paradise Lost Page 17
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Page 18
Chapter 15: The Seventeenth Century: the Baroque Era
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Q1) Which style of art gradually replaced Rococo in the late 1700s?
A)Style Galant
B)Realism
C)Neo-Classicism
D)Romanesque
Q2) _______________________ King who said "Après moi le déluge" After me, the flood)
Q3) Why did Montesquieu favor establishing a system of "checks and balances" in government?
Q4) _______________________ Military leader who crowned himself Emperor of France
Q5) What are the characteristics of the Rococo style of art?
Q6) What church near Bamberg, Germany exemplifies the Rococo style in architecture?
A)Saint Bartholomew's Church
B)Brunswick Cathedral
C)Weissmann Chapel
D)Vierzehnheiligen Pilgrim Church
Q7) What was Jonathan's Swift's best-known novel? What two aspects of human nature are represented by Swift's Houyhnhnms and Yahoos?
Q8) _______________________ Dry sticks of colored chalk
Q9) _______________________ Turbulent period in France from 1792-1795 Page 19
Q10) What were the central characteristics of the classical symphony?
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Page 20
Chapter 16: The Eighteenth Century
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Q1) _______________________ German term for a musical theme assigned to a specific character, idea or object
Q2) Which of Charles Dickens' novels criticized the treatment of the poor in workhouses?
A)Pride and Prejudice
B)Oliver Twist
C)Of Mice and Men
D)A Tale of Two Cities
Q3) What was Karl Marx's view of the inevitability of history? In what 1848 work was this thought powerfully expressed? According to Marx, what forces inevitably shaped history? What type of art did Marx prefer, realism or romanticism? Why?
Q4) What is the story of Faust?
Q5) Which French painter was the creator of Raft of the Medusa 1818)?
A)Gustave Courbet
B)Girodet-Trioson
C)Géricault
D)Delacroix
Q6) _______________________ Traditional Polish dances used by Chopin in his piano compositions.
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Chapter 17: Romanticism, Realism, and Photography
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Q1) Whose painted Déjeuner sur l'Herbe Luncheon on the Grass), which shocked Parisians for its content and style?
A)Monet
B)Manet
C)Cézanne
D)Gauguin
Q2) Which French sculptor of the late 19<sup>th</sup>/early 20<sup>th</sup> century focused on representing human figures?
A)Fumeo
B)Levy
C)Bellver
D)Rodin
Q3) _______________________ Music that tells a story
Q4) What elements are often seen in Auguste Renoir's paintings?
A)Dancers in the various stages of rehearsal and performance
B)Beautiful young men and women enjoying themselves
C)Intimate scenes of domesticity
D)Sensual nudes in landscapes
Q5) What innovations did Gustav Mahler bring to his symphonies?
Q6) _______________________ French name given to the period 1870-1914
Page 22
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Chapter 18: Toward the Modern Era: 1870-1914
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Q1) In what novel did Sinclair Lewis criticize American materialism?
A)Brave New World
B)Babbit
C)Remembrance of Things Past
D)Ulysses
Q2) _______________________ Improvisational technique in jazz using vocalizations of nonsense syllables.
Q3) What leading American composer and bandleader gained his fame at the Cotton Club in the 1920's?
A)Chet Baker
B)Tommy Dorsey
C)Lionel Hampton
D)Duke Ellington
Q4) In Picasso's Guernica, what image is used as a symbol for the country of Spain?
A)an angel
B)a bull
C)the Pietà
D)a horse
Q5) _______________________ Overthrow of the Tsars and the emergence of Marxist government in Russia
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Q1) What two major contemporary composers have continued to work with traditional elements of melody, harmony, and rhythm?
A)Reich and Stockhausen
B)Brittan and Shostakovich
C)Boulez and Glass
D)Weill and Gershwin
Q2) _______________________ art that uses images from mass media and contemporary culture
Q3) How did the existentialist movement influence the ideas of modern society?
Q4) What type of art is exemplified by Robert Smithson's Spiral Jetty?
A)found art
B)ready-made
C)land art
D)combine
Q5) ______________________ Danish existential philosopher (1813-1955)
Q6) What is the main characteristic of Frank Gehry's Guggenheim Museum Bilbao?
A)Creative use of reinforced concrete
B)Vertical lines with no ornamentation
C)Classical columns and pediments
D)Free-flowing geometric shapes Page 24
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