Citizenship and Society Review Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the concept of citizenship and its crucial role in contemporary society. Students will examine the historical evolution of citizenship, legal rights and responsibilities, and how identities such as gender, ethnicity, and class intersect with civic participation. Through analysis of case studies and theoretical frameworks, the course addresses topics such as globalization, migration, democracy, and social justice, enabling students to critically assess the changing meaning of citizenship in an increasingly interconnected world.
Recommended Textbook
Keeping the Republic Power and Citizenship in American Politics THE ESSENTIALS 8th Edition by Christine
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Chapter 1: Politics: Who Gets What, and How?
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Q1) ______ can be thought of as the "how" in the definition "who gets what,and how." They are directives that determine how resources are allocated,and they determine how we try to get the things we want.
Answer: Rules
Q2) Hashtag activism is described in the text as
A) increasingly unpopular among voters.
B) most common among college-educated voters.
C) useful in recruiting new political activists.
D) a form of political engagement that occurs by organizing individuals online around a particular issue.
E) the use of electronic media to express a viewpoint.
Answer: D
Q3) The primary goal of the textbook is to get you thinking ______ about American politics.
Answer: Critically
Q4) In socialist economies,control over economic decisions is exercised by the ______.
Answer: government
Q5) Government assurances of particular outcomes or results are known as ______.
Answer: substantive guarantees
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Chapter 2: American Citizens and Political Culture
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Sample Questions
Q1) Citizens or subjects of other countries who come to the United States to live or work are known as _______.
A) American emigrants
B) naturalized citizens
C) tourists
D) immigrants
E) illegal aliens
Answer: D
Q2) The recent conservative movement created by a wave of populist anger is the ______ movement.
Answer: Tea Party
Q3) Citizens or subjects of other countries who come to the United States to live or work are known as ______.
Answer: immigrants
Q4) The term ideology refers to a set of beliefs about politics and society that helps people make sense of their political world.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Politics of the American Founding
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the new citizenship established by the original U.S.Constitution?
A) extraordinary citizens well informed on public issues
B) informed citizens
C) citizens who consented to be governed and who were ordinary people on whom equal rights had been conferred
D) uninformed citizens
E) elite citizens
Answer: C
Q2) The delegates to the Constitutional Convention were ______.
A) the most educated, powerful, and wealthy citizens of the new country
B) young merchants who wanted to achieve economic success
C) mainly farmers
D) ordinary Americans who confronted great challenges
E) made up entirely of the leaders of the Revolutionary Army
Answer: A
Q3) Name two reasons why early colonists left England.
Answer: Students should mention the land and economic opportunities that existed in the New World as well as the ability to practice religion freely.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Federalism and the USConstitution
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Sample Questions
Q1) Citizens can directly engage in the legislative process in some states by the use of the ______ or the ______ and can remove elected officials from office before the end of their terms by use of the ______.
Q2) All of the following comparisons between the House and the Senate are true EXCEPT this one:
A) Only House members have always been chosen by the public.
B) Senators have longer terms than members of the House.
C) Senators must be citizens for longer before being elected than members of the House.
D) Senate terms are staggered, whereas all House members are elected at the same time.
E) The House of Representatives was modeled after the British House of Lords, whereas the Senate was modeled after the House of Commons.
Q3) Discuss the different ways the Constitution has changed over the years.How difficult is it to amend the Constitution? Explain why it should or should not be easier to amend the Constitution.
Q4) Federal funds provided to states for a broad purpose and unrestricted by detailed requirements are called ______.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Fundamental American Liberties
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Sample Questions
Q1) The textbook examines three issues regarding privacy: reproductive rights,gay rights,and the right to die.Pick one of these issues,and discuss what the courts have ruled regarding the issue.Do you agree or disagree? Defend your argument.
Q2) The source of authority cited by the Supreme Court for applying the Bill of Rights to the states is ______.
A) the Bill of Rights itself
B) Congress
C) the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution
D) Marbury v. Madison
E) Federalist No. 10
Q3) The right against self-incrimination ______.
A) applies only during trial
B) does not apply at the federal level under the Crime Control and Safe Streets Act
C) applies to suspects only in capital cases
D) applies at all stages of a criminal proceeding at the state and national levels
E) was weakened when the Supreme Court reversed the Miranda decision
Q4) Written defamation of character is known as ______.
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Chapter 6: The Struggle for Equal Rights
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Q1) During World War II,______ Americans were placed in detainment camps for national security purposes.
Q2) All of the following statements concerning affirmative action are true EXCEPT this one:
A) A majority of Americans support the principles behind affirmative action.
B) It is intended to be a substantive remedy for past discrimination.
C) It has been banned in a number of states.
D) Strict scrutiny has been used to oppose affirmative action.
E) Statistics indicate that blacks are now even with whites on most economic measures.
Q3) Social and economic statistics tend to show that _______.
A) African Americans have completely overcome the effects of systematic discrimination
B) African Americans are now greatly advantaged over whites because of civil rights laws
C) African Americans have gotten no benefit from recent civil rights policies
D) inequality still pervades the American system
E) whites have benefited from recent civil rights policies more than African Americans
Q4) Provide three reasons why the ERA failed.
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Chapter 7: Congress
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Q1) After the census every ten years,House seats are ______ to ensure that districts maintain population equality.
A) reapportioned among the states
B) voted on
C) traded between states
D) removed
Q2) How do the House and the Senate differ in terms of how they consider bills?
Q3) All of the following statements concerning congressional committee chairs are true EXCEPT this one:
A) Committee chairs have lost some of their power in the past thirty years.
B) Committee chairs serve at the pleasure of the party caucus and party leaders.
C) Throughout most of the twentieth century, the seniority system controlled the selection of committee chairs.
D) The use of the seniority system means that the member of the majority party with the longest service on the committee is selected as the chair.
E) Seniority is now irrelevant for the selection of committee chairs.
Q4) As a leader,the majority leader of the Senate has much ______ power than the Speaker of the House.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: The Presidency
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the textbook,Congress is rarely able to override a presidential veto.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The major reason presidents are not as successful in a divided government is ______.
A) Republicans and Democrats stand for different approaches and solutions to the nation's problems
B) members of one party simply want to defeat a president of the other party
C) Congress has less control over its members
D) presidents do not try to do as much for fear that what will pass will represent the other party's priorities
E) Congress takes control of the legislative agenda
Q3) Which of the following is NOT among the president's legislative powers?
A) the line-item veto
B) the State of the Union address
C) executive orders
D) the vice president's role as presiding officer of the Senate
E) the presidential veto
Q4) What is the impact of divided government on the president's legislative agenda?
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Chapter 9: The Bureaucracy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Presidents use their appointment power to ______.
A) appoint career civil servants who can manage an agency effectively
B) reward loyal members of Congress
C) gain necessary control over the bureaucracy or unnecessarily politicize the bureaucracy, depending on your perspective
D) reward members of their family
E) appoint career civil servants who agree to abandon their loyalty to their agency in order to serve the president
Q2) Identify and define the characteristics of a bureaucracy.Discuss the advantages and disadvantages to making and administering policy through a bureaucracy.
Q3) The civil service replaced the ______ as a method of choosing government workers.
A) merit system
B) hereditary inheritance
C) optional service
D) spoils system
E) presidential appointment system
Q4) The primary source of power for a member of the bureaucracy is ______.
Q5) Compare and contrast spoils-based and merit-based bureaucratic systems.
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Chapter 10: The American Legal System and the Courts
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Sample Questions
Q1) All presidents are concerned with the legacy they leave once out of office.A major influence on this legacy is the Supreme Court justices they appoint.What criteria do presidents take into account when choosing their Supreme Court nominees? How might the type of nominee change depending on the president? Why might the most qualified nominees not be confirmed? Is the nomination process flawed,or does it do the job the founders intended it to do?
Q2) The U.S.Courts of Appeals are arranged ______.
A) in the major cities of the United States (New York, Philadelphia, Atlanta, Dallas, Chicago, Phoenix, and Los Angeles)
B) in four circuits, with one each in the north, south, east, and west
C) in fifty courts, with one in each state
D) in twelve circuits covering the District of Columbia and geographic groupings of states
E) entirely within Washington, D.C.
Q3) The power of the courts to determine the constitutionality of laws is called judicial
Q4) How does the role of a judge in the common-law tradition compare with the role of a judge in a civil-law tradition?
Q5) What are the different levels and jurisdictions of the federal court system?
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Chapter 11: Public Opinion
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Sample Questions
Q1) The authors conclude that,in general,the accuracy of election polls is ______.
A) quite good
B) fair
C) good in some years but very poor in other years
D) generally poor
E) not able to be determined
Q2) American voter turnout for national elections is ______.
A) the highest among industrialized nations
B) about average among industrialized nations
C) the lowest, or among the lowest, among industrialized nations
D) consistently in third place among industrialized nations
Q3) According to studies,Americans tend to be ______.
A) very knowledgeable about politics
B) not very knowledgeable about politics
C) knowledgeable about issues but not knowledgeable about officeholders
D) knowledgeable about officeholders but not knowledgeable about issues
E) knowledgeable about the political system but not knowledgeable about issues or candidates
Q4) ______ refers to the state of being uninformed about politics because the cost in time and energy does not produce tangible or measurable results.
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Chapter 12: Political Parties
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patronage was once important to political parties because ______.
A) it created a more disciplined party-in-government
B) it ensured an army of supporters and workers for elections
C) it created a stronger party organization
D) it simplified the issue of hiring people after an election
E) members of the other party would be unemployed
Q2) The third party mentioned in the text that had a significant impact on the 2010 midterm elections is the ______.
A) Green Party
B) Tea Party
C) Rainbow Party
D) World Socialist Party
E) American Workers
Q3) The central actors in the party-in-government comprise the president,the ______,the majority and minority leaders in the House and Senate,party whips in Congress,and state governors.
A) Secretary of State
B) citizen activist groups
C) Vice President
D) Speaker of the House
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Chapter 13: Interest Groups
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Q1) The ability to make sizable and strategically placed campaign contributions helps interest groups ______.
A) purchase a foothold with members of the minority party in Congress, who will favor those interest groups when they rise to the majority party
B) purchase the votes of all representatives or senators who are on the fence about a particular issue
C) flex their political muscles to their competing interest groups
D) buy access to representatives, senators, the White House, and their staffs
E) take advantage of the tax benefits enjoyed through political rather than corporate spending
Q2) ______ are interest groups that try to influence government to produce collective goods or services that benefit the general public.
A) Equal opportunity interest groups
B) Public interest groups
C) Government interest groups
D) Economic interest groups
E) Foreign interest groups
Q3) What is indirect lobbying,and what are some examples of it?
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15
Chapter 14: Voting, Campaigns, and Elections
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to the authors of the textbook,the key advantages of the "political specialization view" of modern democracy include all of the following EXCEPT this one:
A) It is reasonably stable.
B) It responds to changes of issues and candidates.
C) The electorate as a whole cares.
D) The electorate as a whole does not care so intensely that any significant portion of the citizenry will challenge the results of an election.
E) It protects the interests of those who are least likely to be the activist or pluralist citizens.
Q2) Faithless electors,as defined by the text,are electors who ______.
A) are regular voters who refuse to vote because they lack political efficacy
B) vote their conscience rather than for the candidate they were pledged to support in the Electoral College
C) have a position of trust with the federal government in violation of the Constitution
D) neglect to vote for any presidential candidate
E) refuse to pledge support to a candidate before the election
Q3) Most states use the ______ election today.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: The Media
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Sample Questions
Q1) The advent of cable and satellite television providers has had all of the following effects EXCEPT this one:
A) increasing dramatically the number of channels available to viewers
B) increasing the quality of news available to viewers
C) creating fierce competition for viewers
D) encouraging broadcasters to focus on narrow audiences
E) blurring the lines between news and entertainment
Q2) The effects of horse-race journalism include all of the following EXCEPT this:
A) The media show politics as if politicians cared only about scoring victories off one another.
B) The media report on politics as if it were a game of strategy and wit with no substance.
C) The media help citizens to understand the issues.
D) The media trivialize politics.
E) The media ignore citizens' concerns about politics.
Q3) The phenomenon of filtering incoming information through personal values and interests is known as ______.
Q4) ______ shows us that viewers do more than passively receive news and values presented by the media.
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Chapter 16: Social and Environmental Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Explain the roles of Congress,the president,the bureaucracy,and the courts in the policymaking process.How does each institution make policy? What hurdles must policymakers overcome in the policymaking process?
Q2) The second step in the policy process is ______.
A) policy evaluation
B) policy formulation
C) policy implementation
D) policy adoption
E) agenda setting
Q3) What are the differences between a social welfare program and a social insurance program?
Q4) Regulatory policy differs from other public policies in that it ______.
A) is very costly
B) restricts behavior
C) is easy for Congress to pass
D) is favored by Republicans but disapproved of by Democrats
E) is paid for by all taxpayers
Q5) What are the four reasons it is so hard to solve public problems?
Q6) What are the similarities and differences between Medicare and Medicaid?
Q7) Why is fracking so controversial?
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Chapter 17: Economic Policy
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Q1) Inflation is problematic because it ______.
A) forces people to spend more money to buy the same product
B) leads to too great a supply of goods
C) leads to too great a demand for goods
D) keeps people from looking for work
E) raises interest rates
Q2) The laws of supply and demand state that ______.
A) consumers buy more at low prices, and producers produce more at high prices
B) producers produce more at low prices, and consumers buy more at low prices
C) the greater the supply, the greater the demand
D) the lower the supply, the greater the demand
E) people demand what they need, but producers supply what costs the least to produce
Q3) What reforms have been proposed to change the current tax code? What are the pros and cons of each reform? Which reform do you think is best? Or do you believe that the tax code does not need to be changed? Why?
Q4) What are the two broad types of economic policy?
Q5) In recent years,unions have found it difficult to win congressional backing of the Employee Free Choice Act,also known as "card check." What is this bill about?
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Chapter 18: Foreign Policy
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Sample Questions
Q1) The president's inner circle of foreign-policy advisers that includes such people as the secretaries of state and defense and the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff is the
A) War Cabinet
B) National Security Council
C) White House Foreign Policy Section
D) American Foreign Policy Agency
E) Foreign Relations Council
Q2) The ______ was Congress's attempt to limit the president's ability to use troops in hostilities without congressional approval.
Q3) What are the three main types of foreign policy? Define them,and give an example of each.
Q4) Congress tried to play a more active role in foreign affairs following ______.
A) the Vietnam War
B) the Korean War
C) World War I
D) World War II
E) September 11, 2001
Q5) Describe the role of the media in U.S.foreign policy.
Q6) What roles in foreign policy does the Constitution assign to the presidency?
Page 20
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