Childhood Studies Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Childhood Studies is an interdisciplinary course that explores the complex experiences, development, and rights of children from birth through adolescence. Drawing on perspectives from psychology, sociology, education, anthropology, and public health, the course examines how childhood is shaped by cultural, social, political, and historical contexts. Students analyze diverse childhoods globally, investigate policies impacting childrens well-being, and consider ethical issues related to research and advocacy involving children. This course encourages critical thinking about how society defines and responds to the needs, voices, and agency of children in various environments.
Recommended Textbook
Children 12th Edition by John Santrock
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16 Chapters
1544 Verified Questions
1544 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The development of the brain,height and weight gains,motor skills,and the hormonal changes of puberty all reflect the role of _____ processes in development.
A)biological
B)cognitive
C)assimilative
D)socioemotional
Answer: A
Q2) John Bowlby's view that the first year of human life is a sensitive period for the development of social relationships is an application of _____ theory to human development.
A)ethological
B)observational learning
C)behavioral
D)sociocultural
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Height is a simple characteristic that is determined by:
A)a single gene.
B)the interaction of many genes and environmental factors.
C)the manifestation of an altered X-linked gene.
D)the action of a specific pair of genes.
Answer: B
Q2) Give examples of nonshared environmental experiences that siblings can have even when they are raised within the same family.
Answer: Students' answers may vary.
Following are a few nonshared environmental experiences that siblings can have even when they are raised within the same family:
-Parents may interact differently with each child.
-Parents may engage in different activities with each child.
-Parents hold different conversations with each child.
-The type of disciplinary methods used with each child.
-Each child may receive different opportunities (ballet classes for girls,soccer classes for boys).
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sharon,who is seven months pregnant,just visited her doctor,who discovered that she has a particular disease.The doctor said that if he performs a cesarean section near her due date she will not pass her disease on to her child.Sharon is most likely suffering from:
A)genital herpes.
B)rubella.
C)syphilis.
D)toxoplasmosis.
Answer: A
Q2) _____ is a sexually transmitted infection and it damages organs after they have formed.
A)Rubella
B)Eczema herpeticum
C)Pseudoangiomatosis
D)Syphilis
Answer: D
Q3) What are the risks a older father's advanced age poses to his unborn child?
Answer: An unborn child of an older father faces increased risk for Down syndrome and also other birth defects like dwarfism and Marfan syndrome,which involves head and limb deformities.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Birth
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Two increasingly used interventions to nurture preterm babies in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU)are:
A)acupuncture and waterbirth.
B)hypnosis and music therapy.
C)kangaroo care and massage therapy. D music therapy and incubation.
Q2) Compare and contrast infants who have low birth weight with those who are small for date.
Q3) Keesha is very keen on staying alert and conscious throughout the delivery process but she is experiencing a lot of pain during her labor.Her doctor suggests that the best option for her would be to receive a(n)_____ to relieve her pain and retain awareness throughout the delivery.
A)oxytocic medication
B)analgesic
C)epidural block
D)oral anesthetic
Q4) Afterbirth is the _____ stage in the birth process.
A)first
B)second
C)third
D)fourth
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List out the benefits of breast feeding for the child.
Q2) Which of the following reflexes has a survival value for newborns as it enables them to get nourishment before they have associated a nipple with food?
A)Babinski reflex
B)Sucking reflex
C)Moro reflex
D)Rooting reflex
Q3) List out the changes in height and weight that take place during infancy.
Q4) The perceptual system used by infants to coordinate grasping varies with age.Four-month old infants rely greatly on _____ to determine how they will grip an object.
A)vision
B)color
C)touch
D)depth
Q5) Explain the neuroconstructivist view of brain development.
Q6) How do sensation of hearing and vision occur?
Q7) How does perpetual-motor coupling influence grasping in infants?
Q8) What are the advantages and disadvantages of shared sleeping in infants?
Q9) Describe infant's motor development according to the dynamic systems theory. Page 7
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Page 8
Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ refers to the units of meaning involved in word formation.
A)Morphology
B)Phonology
C)Graphology
D)Philology
Q2) What is the relationship between language and phonology?
Q3) Which of the following is a critique of the core knowledge approach?
A)Infants come into the world with knowledge systems for space,number sense,object permanence,and language.
B)Infants come into the world with "soft biases to perceive and attend to different aspects of the environment,and to learn about the world in particular ways."
C)Infants have an innate sense of the world when they are born that is independent of environmental experiences.
D)The core domains provide a foundation from which infants manifest their genetically hardwired manner of understanding the world and develop more mature cognitive functioning and learning.
Q4) What are the salient features of the core knowledge approach?
Q5) What are the milestones of the sixth sensorimotor substage given by Piaget?
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Chapter 7: Socioemotional Development in Infancy
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100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Harry Harlow,infants' attachment depends on:
A)sensitive care.
B)contact comfort.
C)oral satisfaction or food.
D)responsiveness.
Q2) Reciprocal socialization occurs when:
A)children socialize with peers.
B)parents socialize children.
C)children and parents socialize each other.
D)parents socialize children in ways similar to how their parents socialized them.
Q3) In the Strange Situation,the babies who engage in no interaction with the caregiver are described as _____ babies.
A)insecure avoidant
B)securely attached
C)insecure resistant
D)insecure disorganized
Q4) What is reciprocal socialization?
Q5) What is the Strange Situation? Who proposed this measure?
Q6) What is the Bringing Home Baby project? How has it helped the new parents?
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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80 Verified Questions
80 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true with regard to the Denver Development Screening Test II?
A)The test requires sophisticated imaging technologies making it an expensive assessment tool.
B)It can be used for children in the age range of 3 to 9 years.
C)The test is an individually administered test of developmental functioning.
D)The test evaluates fine and gross motor skills and excludes language and adaptive functioning.
Q2) _____ are characterized by a sudden arousal from sleep and an intense fear,usually accompanied by a number of physiological reactions,such as rapid heart rate and breathing,loud screams,heavy perspiration,and physical movement.
A)Lucid dreams
B)Night terrors
C)REM sleep periods
D)Delusions
Q3) Why is the maturation of the prefrontal cortex crucial to development in early childhood?
Q4) List some of the gross motor skills that children in the age group of 37 to 48 months can exercise.
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) With reference to Piaget's preoperational stage,mentally adding and subtracting numbers is an example of: _____.
A)operations
B)egocentrism
C)animism
D)intuition
Q2) Esteban fell down and scraped a knee on the sidewalk.He said,"The mean sidewalk made me fall by tripping me." Esteban's statement indicates a(n)_____ thought.
A)egocentric
B)symbolic
C)intuitive
D)animistic
Q3) Scaffolding means:
A)continuing to support someone permanently.
B)helping others by doing things for them.
C)changing the level of support depending on the need.
D)assisting children to work outside their zone of proximal development (ZPD).
Q4) How does a developmentally appropriate educational practice improve young children's development?
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Chapter 10: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood
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103 Verified Questions
103 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following undermines the validity of the psychoanalytic theory of gender?
A)The preschool child develops a sexual attraction to the opposite-sex parent.
B)Children become gender-typed even when the same-sex parent is not present in the family.
C)Gender typing in children occurs at the stages of the Electra complex for girls and Oedipus complex for boys.
D)The child consciously identifies and adopts the same-sex parent's characteristics.
Q2) What is pretense/symbolic play? How does it influence development in children?
Q3) Which of the following is the most common form of child maltreatment?
A)Emotional abuse
B)Physical abuse
C)Child neglect
D)Sexual abuse
Q4) Games in early childhood are characterized by:
A)their solitary nature.
B)their lack of rules.
C)their reciprocity and turn-taking.
D)their use of sensorimotor play schemes.
Page 13
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following suggests that Fred is atleast 10 years old?
A)He manipulates his parents to get what he wants.
B)He has started to make simple figures in clay.
C)He has recently learnt to balance on one foot without looking.
D)He has learnt how to skip recently.
Q2) What role do parents play in preventing children from becoming overweight?
Q3) Which of the following is an advantage of aerobic exercise in children?
A)Improved audio-visual skills in children
B)Prevention of type 1 diabetes in the future
C)Improved relationship with the caregiver.
D)Increased goal-directed thinking and behavior
Q4) _____ is the most common chronic disease in U.S.children,being present in approximately 9 percent of them.
A)Colitis
B)Asthma
C)Cancer
D)Pneumonia
Q5) What are sensory disorders?
Q7) Describe two amendments made to the IDEA in 1997. Page 14
Q6) What factors motivate children to consume food that has "empty calories"?
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Page 15
Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) Robert Sternberg's and Howard Gardner's theories of intelligence are similar in that both:
A)emphasize the ability to adapt to novel situations.
B)hypothesize several different types of intelligence.
C)hypothesize a single-factor theory of intelligence.
D)emphasize the ability to identify and remember patterns quickly.
Q2) Which of the following terms refers to the ability to order stimuli along a quantitative dimension?
A)Animism
B)Transitivity
C)Seriation
D)Egocentrism
Q3) What is metamemory? How does it change with age?
Q4) _____ thinking produces one correct answer and characterizes the kind of thinking that is required on conventional tests of intelligence.
A)Divergent
B)Referenced
C)Convergent
D)Schematic
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Chapter 13: Socioemotional Development in Middle and Late Childhood
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ includes such behaviors as trying to make others dislike a certain individual by spreading malicious rumors about the person.
A)Behavior modification
B)Behavioral aggression
C)Relational aggression
D)Overt aggression
Q2) Advocates of the constructivist approach to teaching believe that students need to:
A)maximize time spent on academic tasks.
B)master the content of a discipline.
C)follow instructions diligently.
D)think in critical and creative ways.
Q3) Which of the following statements about gender differences in emotions is accurate?
A)Girls are less likely than boys to express their emotions openly.
B)Boys are more likely to show empathy than are girls.
C)Girls are more likely to be able to read others' emotions than boys.
D)Boys are more likely to show self-regulation of emotion than girls.
Q4) What are the five different peer statuses?
Q5) How does sharing develop in children?
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following reflects the storm-and-stress portrayal of adolescence?
A)Adolescence is essentially a period of conflicts and mood swings.
B)Adolescence is characterized by a reduced ability to cope with life's stresses.
C)Adolescence essentially involves hostility toward parental and societal standards reflected in the acting out behaviors typical of this stage.
D)Adolescence has the potential for positive outcomes if positive social contexts are present.
Q2) In the United states,the average age of menarche:
A)has increased rapidly over the last century.
B)has declined significantly since the mid-nineteenth century.
C)is likely to decrease substantially in the coming decades.
D)has remained unchanged over the last century expect for a slight increase in the incidence of precocious puberty.
Q3) Describe the development of an adolescent's sexual identity.
Q4) Describe two adolescent eating disorders and the characteristics of individuals with each disorder.
Q5) Discuss the benefits and problems associated with early and late maturation for girls.
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about adolescent decision making?
A)Adolescence is a time of decreased decision making.
B)Adolescents make better decisions when they are emotionally aroused rather than when they are calm.
C)Young adolescents are less likely to generate different options,compared with children.
D)Adolescents need more opportunities to practice and discuss realistic decision making.
Q2) What are some developmental changes that characterize adolescents' career choices?
Q3) Children are likely to solve problems _____,whereas adolescents begin to solve problems _____.
A)idealistically;through inductive reasoning
B)through trial and error;systematically
C)by thinking them through carefully;by guessing
D)using heuristics;using past experience
Q4) What are the factors that provide a basis for improvement in critical thinking during adolescence?
Q5) What are the changing values that are seen amongst adolescents today?
Q6) What is service learning and when is it most effective?
Page 19
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Chapter 16: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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Sample Questions
Q1) "Hey,what can I say-my college major is undeclared.I just don't know what I want to do yet.I'm not going to pressure myself into making a decision when what I really want to do is have fun." What is the identity status of this college student according to James Marcia?
A)Identity achievement
B)Identity inquisition
C)Identity diffusion
D)Identity foreclosure
Q2) _____ involves openness to others' views.
A)Mutuality
B)Self-assertion
C)Separateness
D)Permeability
Q3) Jodi,a 15-year-old female,has been experimenting with different sexual orientations.According to James Marcia,Jodi is experiencing identity: A)crisis.
B)diffusion.
C)foreclosure.
D)commitment.
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