Child Psychology Study Guide Questions
Course Introduction
Child Psychology explores the psychological development of children from infancy through adolescence. The course examines foundational theories and research related to cognitive, emotional, and social growth, as well as the influence of genetics, environment, and culture on development. Key topics include attachment, language acquisition, learning styles, personality formation, moral development, and the impact of family, peers, and education. By understanding typical and atypical developmental patterns, students gain insight into nurturing healthy childhood development and addressing challenges faced by children in diverse settings.
Recommended Textbook Development Through the Lifespan 7th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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19 Chapters
2482 Verified Questions
2482 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The first successful intelligence test was originally constructed to __________.
A) measure individual differences in IQ
B) document age-related improvements in children's intellectual functioning
C) identify children with learning problems who needed to be placed in special classes
D) compare the scores of people who varied in gender, ethnicity, and birth order
Answer: C
Q2) Researchers randomly assigned adolescents to either a single-grade classroom or a mixed-age classroom.This is an example of a __________.
A) naturalistic observation
B) case study
C) natural experiment
D) field experiment
Answer: D
Q3) Observations of imprinting led to which major concept in human development?
A) adaptation
B) equilibrium
C) the critical period
D) classical conditioning
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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131 Verified Questions
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Q1) One reason that the American people have been reluctant to accept the idea of publicly supported child care is that __________.
A) few mothers of very young children work outside the home
B) it is widely believed that child care is harmful to young children
C) most grandparents provide regular child care
D) American values emphasize independence and self-reliance
Answer: D
Q2) Eric is more likely than his sister to be negatively affected by X-linked disorders because __________.
A) males are more likely than females to inherit harmful recessive alleles
B) the Y chromosome is much longer than the X chromosome
C) the Y chromosome lacks many corresponding genes to override those on the X chromosome
D) his sex chromosomes match, which makes him more susceptible to disease
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn
Baby
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The more alcohol a woman consumes during pregnancy,the __________.
A) higher the birth weight of the child
B) greater the likelihood of ARND instead of FAS or p-FAS
C) poorer the child's achievement scores in the school years
D) greater the child's speed of information processing
Answer: C
Q2) Prenatally malnourished babies frequently __________.
A) reject breast milk
B) have enlarged hearts
C) catch respiratory illnesses
D) have a higher-than-average birth weight
Answer: C
Q3) The embryonic disk __________.
A) becomes the new organism
B) is the outer ring of cells on a blastocyst
C) has a good chance of survival outside the womb
D) is a protective membrane that surrounds the amnion
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Are chubby babies at risk for later overweight and obesity? How can concerned parents prevent their infants from becoming overweight children and adults?
Q2) Brenda is unable to breastfeed her baby.She worries that she is depriving him of an experience essential for healthy psychological development.Brenda should know that
A) children and adolescents who were breastfed are substantially more intelligent than those who were bottle-fed
B) children and adolescents who were bottle-fed suffer more from emotional adjustment issues than those who were breastfed
C) breastfed babies in industrialized nations show more secure attachments than bottle-fed babies, after controlling for maternal intelligence and SES
D) breastfed and bottle-fed infants in industrialized nations do not differ in quality of the mother infant relationship or in later emotional adjustment
Q3) Define gross-motor and fine-motor development and give examples of each.How do researchers today view the sequence of motor development?
Q4) What influence does heredity have on physical growth?
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget based the substages of sensorimotor development on __________.
A) interviews with parents and children
B) observations of a large sample of young children
C) observations of his own three children
D) field experiments with toddlers and preschoolers
Q2) Researchers using the violation-of-expectation method may use __________ by exposing babies to a physical event until their looking declines.
A) habituation
B) assimilation
C) accommodation
D) imitation
Q3) In Substage 6 of the sensorimotor period,the ability to create mental representations enables toddlers to __________ and __________.
A) engage in deferred imitation; use make-believe play
B) understand object permanence; engage in parallel play
C) engage in deferred imitation; use the primary circular reaction
D) engage in functional play; use the violation-of-expectation method
Q4) Discuss the development of recall memory.
Q5) Describe the social-interactionist view of language development.
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Chapter 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) A unique feature of Mary Rothbart's model of temperament is inclusion of both __________ and __________.
A) intensity of reaction; distractibility
B) regularity of body functions; persistence
C) activity level; intensity of reaction
D) fearful distress; irritable distress
Q2) Newborns' remarkable capacity for __________ supports the beginnings of self-awareness.
A) synaptic pruning
B) intermodal perception
C) auditory learning
D) self-recognition
Q3) Most neurobiological research has focused on children who fall at opposite extremes of the __________ and __________ dimensions of temperament.
A) positive-affect; fearful-distress
B) effortful-control; activity-level
C) attention-span; irritable-distress
D) activity-level; positive-affect
Q4) Describe separation anxiety.When does it occur?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When adults draw with children and point out the resemblances between drawings and objects,preschoolers' pictures __________.
A) contain more distortions
B) become simpler and less fanciful
C) become more comprehensible and detailed
D) contain fewer details
Q2) Over time,children rely on increasingly effective __________ to solve problems.
A) reflexive schemes
B) dual representation
C) centered thinking
D) mental approaches
Q3) The leading cause of childhood mortality in industrialized nations is __________.
A) malnutrition
B) diarrhea
C) childhood diseases
D) unintentional injuries
Q4) Describe both child-centered preschool and kindergarten programs and academic programs.Which type of programming does the research favor for early childhood?
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Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Tanner's parents are withdrawn.They make no demands of Tanner and are indifferent to his point of view.Tanner's parents have a(n)__________ style of child rearing.
A) authoritative
B) authoritarian
C) permissive
D) uninvolved
Q2) Self-__________ evaluations are among the most important aspects of self-development because they affect our emotional experiences,future behavior,and long-term psychological adjustment.
A) awareness
B) esteem
C) control
D) talk
Q3) __________,especially,are more insistent that __________ conform to gender roles.
A) Mothers; boys
B) Mothers; girls
C) Fathers; girls
D) Fathers; boys
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence,intelligent behavior involves balancing __________ intelligences.
A) linguistic, emotional, and practical
B) spatial, kinesthetic, and interpersonal
C) creative, intrapersonal, and emotional
D) analytical, creative, and practical
Q2) IQ often enters into educational decisions because it __________.
A) helps to identify strategies for teaching poorly performing students
B) assesses a child's ability to profit from instruction in the general education classroom
C) predicts school performance and educational attainment
D) provides an accurate measure of practical intelligence
Q3) Studies show that educational self-fulfilling prophecies are especially strong
A) in multigrade classrooms
B) in social-constructivist classrooms
C) when teachers rely on cooperative learning techniques
D) when teachers emphasize competition and publicly compare children
Q4) Discuss the consequences of childhood obesity.
Q5) Discuss the development of planning on multistep tasks in middle childhood.
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Beginning in middle childhood,a common fear is __________.
A) the dark
B) supernatural beings
C) the possibility of personal harm
D) thunder and lightning
Q2) Women who were sexually abused are likely to __________.
A) engage in authoritative parenting
B) show no long-term psychological damage
C) choose partners who abuse them and their children
D) maintain a close, long-term relationship with the perpetrator
Q3) As Grant approaches adolescence,his parents gradually give him more control.They exercise general oversight while letting Grant take charge of moment-by-moment decision making.Grant's parents are using __________.
A) authoritarian parenting
B) transitive inference
C) coregulation
D) permissive parenting
Q4) Describe the characteristics of popular children,distinguishing between prosocial and antisocial children.
Q5) What factors foster resilience in middle childhood?
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about contraceptive use in adolescence is true?
A) Adolescents' use of contraceptives decreased throughout the 1990s and early 2000s.
B) Adolescents who report good relationships with parents are less likely to use birth control.
C) Self-regulation is difficult for teenagers, who often overlook the potential consequences of risky behaviors.
D) Young people are most likely to use condoms in relatively new relationships in which they feel high trust or love.
Q2) In a study of sixth through tenth graders,__________ predicted self-esteem and overall positive adjustment.
A) a sensation-seeking personality
B) sense of personal uniqueness
C) egocentric thought
D) sense of omnipotence
Q3) Describe the sleep patterns of teenagers today.Discuss sleep deprivation and sleep rebound.
Q4) Discuss the effects of part-time work during high school.
Q5) Discuss effective interventions for adolescent parents.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gilligan argues that Kohlberg's theory of moral understanding __________.
A) does not adequately represent the morality of girls and women
B) does not adequately represent the morality of boys and men
C) shows that there are no sex differences in moral reasoning
D) overemphasizes the role of emotion in moral judgment
Q2) According to one reexamination of Kohlberg's stages,__________.
A) "postconventional" morality is based on social conformity
B) people must reach Stages 5 and 6 to be considered truly morally mature
C) moral maturity can be found in a revised understanding of Stages 3 and 4
D) "postconventional" morality is attainable if you rely on your intuition
Q3) Membership in a crowd is based on __________.
A) family background and interests
B) attitudes and values
C) reputation and stereotype
D) emotional closeness
Q4) Define and discuss moral identity.What are some factors that strengthen moral identity?
Q5) Describe how sibling interactions adapt to development at adolescence.
Page 14
Q6) Describe Carol Gilligan's theory regarding the morality of girls and women.Are her claims supported by current research?
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Page 15
Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Jackson,age 26,started smoking at 16.Recently,he used nasal spray and nicotine gum in an effort to stop smoking and he has not had a cigarette in three weeks.Jackson
A) cannot avoid the elevated risk of premature death from cigarettes
B) has already reduced his life expectancy by 11-15 years
C) will probably start smoking again within six months
D) has a 75 percent chance of never smoking again
Q2) The strongest evidence for __________ comes from research showing that human cells allowed to divide in the laboratory have a lifespan of 50 divisions,plus or minus 10.
A) the existence of "aging genes"
B) the "random events" theory of aging
C) the cross-linkage theory of aging
D) behavioral modification of aging
Q3) In surveys of American adults over the past four decades,__________.
A) approval of extramarital sex remained consistently high
B) approval of extramarital sex increased after the mid-2000s
C) acceptance of premarital sex remained consistently low
D) acceptance of premarital sex rose sharply after the mid-2000s
Q4) List and describe the three periods of vocational development.
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Chapter 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Vaillant,men focus on __________ in their twenties.
A) intimacy concerns
B) generativity
C) career consolidation
D) spiritual concerns
Q2) Which statement is true about gender differences in same-sex adult friendships?
A) Men have more intimate same-sex friendships than women.
B) Female friends often say they prefer to "just talk" when they get together.
C) Women prefer to "do something" when they get together with same-sex friends.
D) Men generally evaluate their same-sex friendships more positively than women do.
Q3) Leaving home very early is associated with __________.
A) later childbearing
B) parental financial support
C) parental emotional support
D) job seeking rather than education
Q4) Describe the gender differences in same-sex adult friendships.
Q5) Discuss Robert Sternberg's triangular theory of love.Define its components,and discuss how each changes over the course of a relationship.
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a study examining the diverse ingredients of expert performance,middle-aged adults performed more competently than younger adults in tasks involving
A) cognitive inhibition
B) physical dexterity
C) physical strength
D) organizational skills
Q2) Which statement is true about the aging skeleton?
A) Bones become more porous with age.
B) Bones narrow with age, as new cells accumulate.
C) With age, the mineral content of bones increases.
D) Men's reserve of bone minerals is lower than women's.
Q3) Although some hearing conditions run in families,Dawn,age 61,is experiencing an age-related hearing condition.Dawn has __________.
A) presbyopia
B) presbycusis
C) tinnitus
D) sensorineural hearing loss
Q4) What is hardiness? How do hardy individuals cope with stress?
Q5) Describe the Type A behavior pattern.How does it affect health?
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle
Adulthood
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129 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) With age,possible selves become __________.
A) loftier
B) greater in number
C) more idealistic
D) more concrete
Q2) Which statement is true about grandparents who take full responsibility for raising their grandchildren?
A) They are usually financially well-off.
B) Because of the generation gap, they lack effective child-rearing skills.
C) The family arrangement is unique to certain minority groups.
D) They often experience considerable emotional and financial strain.
Q3) According to Vaillant,__________ is a major preoccupation of midlife.
A) redemption
B) "passing the torch"
C) becoming androgynous
D) advancement
Q4) According to Levinson,the middle-aged person must seek new ways of being both young and old.Explain what this means and how U.S.midlifers go about confronting this developmental task.
Q5) What is the feminization of poverty and how does divorce contribute to it?
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) __________ offers some protection against mental disabilities in late adulthood.
A) Taking ginkgo biloba supplements
B) Vitamin B supplementation
C) Eating fish high in omega-3 fatty acids
D) Eating leafy vegetables high in folic acid
Q2) Which statement is true about Alzheimer's disease?
A) By 2030, the number of Americans with Alzheimer's is expected to be cut in half.
B) At first, recent memory is most impaired, but as serious disorientation sets in, recall of distant events evaporates.
C) Among the early symptoms of the disease are tremors, shuffling gait, loss of facial expression, and stooped posture.
D) Alzheimer's accounts for about one-quarter of all dementia cases, though at older ages, the percentage declines.
Q3) Which older male has the greatest risk of vascular dementia?
A) Lance, who is from the United States
B) Dedrick, who is from Germany
C) Valter, who is from Sweden
D) Shinobu, who is from Japan
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Chapter 18: Emotional and Social Development in Late
Adulthood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Dr.Rosenberg believes that social barriers to engagement,not the desires of older adults,cause declining rates of interaction.Dr.Rosenberg subscribes to the __________ theory of aging.
A) continuity
B) activity
C) disengagement
D) socioemotional selectivity
Q2) Which aging American is most likely to be poverty-stricken?
A) Shani, a widowed woman
B) Dion, a married man
C) Mariana, a married woman
D) Frank, a widower
Q3) Which older adult is more likely to fare better in terms of health and income?
A) Rex, who lives in a rural area
B) Tomoko, who lives in a small town
C) Audrea, who lives in a rural area
D) Ciera, who lives in an urban area
Q4) Describe THE GREEN HOUSE® model.How is it different from traditional nursing home care?
Q5) Describe George Vaillant's findings regarding successful aging.
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Chapter 19: Death, dying, and Bereavement
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128 Verified Questions
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Q1) Terminally ill patients who score higher in spiritual well-being __________.
A) are less forgiving of themselves and others
B) express less end-of-life despair
C) express a greater desire for a hastened death
D) show less acceptance of their life situation
Q2) Once patients near death stop expressing hope,those close to them __________.
A) should encourage them to hope for a cure
B) should encourage them to hope for a miracle
C) must accept this
D) must maintain hope for a miracle
Q3) In the United States,home deaths __________.
A) occur about 40 percent of the time
B) have decreased since the 1990s
C) are more common for low-income individuals
D) have increased over the past two decades
Q4) The death of a __________ is the most difficult loss an adult can face.
A) spouse
B) parent
C) sibling
D) child
Page 22
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