Child Psychology Exam Review
Course Introduction
Child Psychology explores the mental, emotional, and behavioral development of children from infancy through adolescence. The course examines key theories and research findings related to cognitive development, socialization, attachment, language acquisition, personality formation, and moral reasoning. Students learn to identify typical developmental milestones and recognize factors that influence individual differences, including genetics, family dynamics, culture, and environment. Attention is given to current issues in child psychology, assessment methods, and the practical application of this knowledge in educational, clinical, and social settings.
Recommended Textbook
Infants Children and Adolescents and MyVirtualChild 7th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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17 Chapters
2126 Verified Questions
2126 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/1176
Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Research Strategies
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152 Verified Questions
152 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23253
Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is true regarding the major domains of development?
A) The domains of development are separate and distinct.
B) Each period of development is made up of a new set of domains.
C) The physical domain has little influence on the other domains.
D) Development is divided into three broad domains: physical, cognitive, and emotional and social.
Answer: D
Q2) The central questions addressed by the field of child development
A) are primarily of scientific interest.
B) have applied, or practical, importance.
C) are based exclusively on research conducted by psychologists.
D) involve all changes a person experiences throughout the lifespan.
Answer: B
Q3) Development of language and make-believe play take place in Piaget's ____________ stage.
A) sensorimotor
B) preoperational
C) concrete operational
D) formal operational
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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105 Verified Questions
105 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define and provide an example of niche-picking.
Answer: Niche-picking is the tendency to actively choose environments that complement our heredity. It is an example of active genetic-environmental correlation. As children extend their experiences beyond the immediate family and are given the freedom to make more choices, they actively seek environments that fit with their genetic tendencies. For example, a well-coordinated, muscular child joins an after-school sports team. Infants and young children cannot do much niche-picking because adults select environments for them. In contrast, older children and adolescents are much more in charge of their environments.
Q2) ____________ tends to increase as cultures become more complex.
A) Collectivism
B) Interdependence
C) Individualism
D) Social harmony
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The _________ is the time when serious defects from teratogens are most likely to occur.
A) period of the zygote
B) period of the embryo
C) second trimester
D) third trimester
Answer: B
Q2) Taking a folic acid supplement around the time of conception reduces the risk of
A) miscarriage.
B) spina bifida.
C) Down syndrome.
D) cytomegalovirus.
Answer: B
Q3) The ________ becomes the nervous system.
A) ectoderm
B) mesoderm
C) endoderm
D) trophoblast
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Birth and the Newborn Baby
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110 Verified Questions
110 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following individuals is the most likely to spend the greatest amount of time in REM sleep?
A) Trevor, a preterm baby
B) Alice, a five-year-old
C) Henry, a full-term infant
D) Erica, a 13-year-old
Q2) Arthur wakes frequently to check to see if his sleeping infant, Sam, is breathing. Arthur can reduce the risk of SIDS by
A) wrapping Sam in very warm clothing and blankets.
B) placing Sam to sleep on his stomach.
C) placing Sam to sleep on his back.
D) providing Sam with soft bedding and taking away his pacifier.
Q3) SIDS victims usually
A) have normal sleep-wake patterns.
B) have normal Apgar scores.
C) show physical problems from the beginning.
D) were full-term, normal-weight newborns.
Q4) Describe the signs that indicate that labor is near.
Q5) Describe several strategies that couples can use to ease the transition to parenthood.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sensitive adult care
A) may overwhelm institutionalized infants beyond their capacities and interfere with the brain's potential.
B) seems to protect the young brain from the potentially damaging effects of inadequate stress-hormone exposure.
C) has little impact on brain development in traumatized infants and young children.
D) may help institutionalized infants grow physically, but will not aid in cognitive development.
Q2) Which of the following infants is most likely to refuse to cross the deep side of the visual cliff?
A) Abbie, who has 3 days of crawling experience
B) Bart, who has 4 weeks of crawling experience
C) Crystal, who has 2 months of crawling experience
D) Din, who has 4 months of crawling experience
Q3) Define and compare the cephalocaudal and prosimodistal trends of growth.
Q4) What is lateralization of the brain, and why does it occur?
Q5) Define size and shape constancy, and explain how they contribute to infants' perception of objects.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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126 Verified Questions
126 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the information-processing system, the central executive
A) is the conscious, reflective part of the mental system.
B) collaborates with long-term memory to direct problem solving and reasoning.
C) is where sights and sounds are represented directly and stored briefly.
D) is a special part of the long-term memory that manages complex activities.
Q2) Baby Felix's parents talk to him using short sentences with high-pitched exaggerated expression, clear pronunciation, distinct pauses between speech segments, and repetition of new words in a variety of contexts. Felix's parents use A) telegraphic speech.
B) a referential style.
C) an expressive style.
D) child-directed speech.
Q3) Most infant tests
A) are helpful in assessing the newborn's adjustment to life outside the womb.
B) emphasize higher-order cognitive skills like memory and problem solving.
C) do not tap the same dimensions of intelligence measured at older ages.
D) show good long-term prediction of childhood intellectual functioning.
Q4) How well do infant tests predict later intelligence? What are some alternatives to traditional infant tests?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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114 Verified Questions
114 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Troy, age 3, understands that his father goes to work in the morning and picks Troy up from his babysitter's house after naptime. Troy seeks his father's comfort during times of stress. These examples show that Troy has developed
A) effortful control.
B) an internal working model.
C) interactional synchrony.
D) a categorical self.
Q2) Sensitive caregiving that involves prompt, consistent, and appropriate responses to infant signals is likely to promote a(n)
A) resistant attachment.
B) avoidant attachment.
C) secure attachment.
D) difficult temperament.
Q3) Which of the following statements is supported by research on the stability of temperament?
A) Long-term prediction from early temperament is best achieved after age three.
B) Temperament does not develop as the child ages.
C) Most irritable infants become difficult children as they age.
D) Childhood temperament is a fairly good predictor of personality in adulthood.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Physical Development in Early Childhood
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78 Verified Questions
78 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/23260
Sample Questions
Q1) Between ages 2 and 6, the brain increases to _____ percent of its adult weight.
A) 60
B) 70
C) 80
D) 90
Q2) During the preschool years,
A) children usually eat the same amount of food during each meal.
B) the social environment powerfully influences food preferences.
C) it is common for children's appetite to increase.
D) children can tolerate more fats, oils, and salt.
Q3) Which of the following statements is true about appetite in early childhood?
A) Preschoolers' appetites increase because their growth is at an all-time high.
B) Parents should be concerned if their preschooler varies the amount eaten from meal to meal.
C) Preschoolers' wariness of new foods is normal and adaptive.
D) Because preschoolers have smaller appetites, they need a different quality of food than adults need.
Q4) Describe the development of drawing in children in Western nations.
Q5) Discuss the use of synthetic growth hormone (GH) to treat short, normal-GH children.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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111 Verified Questions
111 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In acquiring new vocabulary, infants rely solely on
A) perceptual features.
B) social cues.
C) sentence structure.
D) intonation.
Q2) For Piaget, the most fundamental deficiency of preoperational thinking is
A) dual representation.
B) egocentrism.
C) animistic thinking.
D) centration.
Q3) Hallie acts out her _______ of putting her baby brother to bed when she plays with her doll.
A) theory of mind
B) autobiographical memory
C) script
D) recognition memory
Q4) Describe a Piagetian classroom. What educational principles derived from Piaget's theory continue to influence teacher training and classroom practices?
Q5) How are a Piagetian and Vygotskian classroom similar? How do they differ?
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Preschoolers' self-concepts largely consist of A) talents.
B) personality traits.
C) observable characteristics.
D) temperamental qualities.
Q2) Research on punishment shows that spanking is
A) associated with a rise in behavior problems regardless of the parents' child-rearing style.
B) viewed by most Caucasian-American children as a practice carried out with their best interests in mind.
C) associated with a rise in behavior problems if parents are cold and rejecting but not if they are warm and supportive.
D) a more effective form of discipline than time out and withdrawal of privileges.
Q3) If Opal is a gender-schematic child, she
A) seldom views the world in gender-linked terms.
B) applies a gender-salience filter to her experiences.
C) will play with gender-inappropriate toys.
D) will play with a toy she likes, whether or not girls typically play with it.
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Chapter 11: Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The weight of the brain increases by ____ percent during middle childhood and adolescence.
A) 5
B) 10
C) 15
D) 20
Q2) Which of the following is a cause of malocclusion?
A) sleeping with a bottle at night
B) eating too many sweets
C) wearing braces
D) crowding of permanent teeth
Q3) Wendi, a dental hygiene student, is visiting a second grade classroom to teach 26 children proper brushing techniques. Based on U.S. averages, how many students can she expect to see with some tooth decay?
A) 4
B) 9
C) 13
D) 20
Q4) List and describe advances in four basic gross-motor capacities during middle childhood.
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Chapter 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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160 Verified Questions
160 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are gifted, creative, and talented students identified? What are some characteristics they share?
Q2) Children with ADHD
A) tend to score higher than other children on intelligence tests.
B) are often asymptomatic before age 7.
C) find it hard to ignore irrelevant stimuli.
D) have no difficulty with planning or reasoning.
Q3) Which of the following is true about the IQ scores of American children?
A) American white children score, on average, four to eight IQ points below American black children.
B) Although the difference in IQ scores has been shrinking over the past several decades, a substantial gap remains.
C) Over the past several decades, the difference in IQ scores between American white children and American black children has grown.
D) American black children fall midway between white and Hispanic children in average IQ score.
Q4) Define cognitive self-regulation. Why does it develop gradually? How can parents help foster it?
Q5) Describe Robert Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence.
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Chapter 13: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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172 Verified Questions
172 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During middle childhood, ________ is the defining feature of friendship.
A) trust
B) selectivity
C) power
D) conflict
Q2) During childhood and adolescence, ______________ correlates more strongly with overall self-worth than does any other self-esteem factor.
A) academic achievement
B) physical appearance
C) social competence
D) athletic ability
Q3) Which of the following people is Juanita, a middle-school student, most likely to look to for feedback about herself?
A) Aunt Eva, who Juanita sees a few times a month
B) Mr. Reckle, Juanita's science teacher
C) Kaitlynn, Juanita's best friend
D) Carlos, Juanita's 8-year-old brother
Q4) Describe some of the consequences of child sexual abuse from early childhood to adulthood.
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Chapter 14: Physical Development in Adolescence
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What are some characteristics of sexually active adolescents? Which children are more likely than others to engage in early and frequent teenage sexual activity?
Q2) Brad is a teen who has experimented minimally with alcohol. Brad is likely to
A) be a healthy, curious young person.
B) become an addict in adulthood.
C) be less sociable than his peers who do not experiment.
D) choose not to drink alcohol in college.
Q3) Sleep rebound on weekends
A) helps teenagers perform better in school during the weekdays.
B) is vitally important to teenage sleep patterns.
C) can lead to difficulty falling asleep on subsequent evenings.
D) decreases the sleep phase delay.
Q4) Discuss the role of heredity and prenatal biological influences in the development of sexual orientation. How might heredity lead to homosexuality?
Q5) During puberty,
A) the hands, legs, and feet accelerate first.
B) growth follows the cephalocaudal trend.
C) the torso accelerates first.
D) children grow from the head first, then the torso.
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Chapter 15: Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In elementary school,
A) girls more often blame math errors on lack of ability than boys.
B) both boys and girls view math as a "female domain."
C) girls believe they do not have to work as hard as boys in math.
D) boys regard math as less useful for their future lives than girls.
Q2) Research indicates that boys and girls who regularly engage in activities like ________ do better on spatial tasks.
A) playing board games
B) diving
C) riding a bicycle
D) building models
Q3) ________________ helps explain the long hours adolescents spend inspecting every detail of their appearance and why they are so sensitive to public criticism.
A) Egocentrism
B) Concrete thinking
C) The imaginary audience
D) Metacognition
Q4) Explain why teenagers have difficulty with decision making.
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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161 Verified Questions
161 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In response to the Heinz dilemma, Mara explains, "Heinz ought to steal the drug. Obeying the law in this case goes against the reason for which the law was originally created. The law should be reinterpreted to take account of Heinz's right to save his wife's life." Mara is in which of Kohlberg's stages?
A) instrumental purpose orientation
B) social-order-maintaining orientation
C) social contract orientation
D) universal ethical principle orientation
Q2) Children with early-onset delinquency
A) feel closer to their families than those whose delinquent behavior begins in adolescence.
B) have subtle deficits in cognitive functioning.
C) show restlessness and willfulness as early as age 7.
D) often outgrow their dysfunctional behavior by late adolescence.
Q3) Describe adolescent dating. Why do teenagers date? What are the positive and/or negative consequences of dating in adolescence? How do circumstances differ for homosexual young people?
Q4) Describe the four identity statuses described by James Marcia, and cite factors that promote identity development.
Page 18
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Chapter 17: Emerging Adulthood
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34 Verified Questions
34 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following activities peaks between ages 18 and 24?
A) drug taking
B) religious service attendance
C) political activism
D) community involvement
Q2) Which of the following is true about romantic ties in emerging adulthood?
A) Nearly 60 percent of emerging adults have had more than two sexual partners in the past year.
B) Until the mid-20s, few romantic relationships last longer than six months.
C) With age, emerging adults' romantic ties last longer and involve greater trust.
D) The majority of emerging adults have more than one sexual partner over the course of a year.
Q3) Andrew is an emerging adult. He is likely to say that ________ is essential for him to attain adult status.
A) getting married
B) settling into a career
C) finishing his education
D) constructing a worldview
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