Child Psychology Exam Bank
Course Introduction
Child Psychology explores the mental, emotional, and behavioral development of children from infancy through adolescence. This course examines key theories and research findings related to cognitive, social, emotional, and language development, emphasizing how genetic, environmental, and cultural factors influence growth. Students will analyze developmental milestones, attachment, identity formation, and common psychological challenges, gaining insight into assessment techniques and intervention strategies. The course equips learners with a foundational understanding of how children think, learn, and relate to others, preparing them for further study or careers in education, counseling, and related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Developmental Psychology Childhood and Adolescence 4th Edition by Shaffer
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17 Chapters
2557 Verified Questions
2557 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Developmental Psychology and Its Research Strategies
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171 Verified Questions
171 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/136979
Sample Questions
Q1) What did John Locke mean when he said that the mind of an infant is a tabula rasa?
A) Children are inherently evil or sinful.
B) Children are blank slates ready to learn from experience.
C) Children are innately good.
D) Children are incapable of learning.
Answer: B
Q2) The holistic perspective is a dominant theme of human development.What does this perspective emphasize?
A) Growth and change are continual.
B) Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects of development are independent.
C) Growth and change are cumulative processes.
D) Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial aspects of development are interdependent.
Answer: D
Q3) What method of studying children did G.Stanley Hall and Sigmund Freud use?
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q4) How have our changing conceptions of childhood influenced Canadian policy and the development of children's rights?
Answer: Answers will vary.
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Theories of Human Development
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167 Verified Questions
167 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is implied if the developmental curve for a particular skill remains stable for many months and then shows a sudden abrupt improvement,and this pattern is repeated throughout childhood?
A) The skill advances qualitatively.
B) The child interacts with multiple levels of society.
C) The skill advances discontinuously through stages.
D) Nature has dominated over nurture.
Answer: C
Q2) Which controversy is concerned with the issue of whether children are self-determined or moulded by external forces?
A) nature/nurture
B) continuity/discontinuity
C) universal/particularistic
D) active/passive
Answer: D
Q3) Identify three major contributions that Freud's psychoanalytic theory has made to the field of developmental psychology.
Answer: Answers will vary.
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4
Chapter 3: Hereditary Influences on Development
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165 Verified Questions
165 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Given that you know the heritability coefficient for a specific trait or characteristic,what can you conclude?
A) whether or not it is inherited
B) what percentage of it is inherited for a particular individual
C) what percentage of its variability in the population is attributable to hereditary factors
D) whether the individuals assessed for it are genetically related or unrelated
Answer: C
Q2) Discuss what shared environmental influences are and explain how the overall impact of these influences can be estimated.
Answer: Answers will vary.
Q3) What is the term for the particular combination of genes that each person inherits?
A) autosome
B) genetic imprint
C) phenotype
D) genotype
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Prenatal Development
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Anne,a moderate smoker and moderate drinker,has just discovered that she is pregnant.What does most research suggest that Anne should do in order to make sure that her baby develops as healthily as possible?
A) quit both smoking and drinking immediately
B) quit smoking, but there is no need for her to stop drinking socially
C) quit drinking, and take megadoses of vitamins C and E to counteract the effects of the cigarettes
D) quit drinking, but there is no need for her to quit smoking
Q2) What does evidence on the effects of alcohol consumption during pregnancy strongly suggest?
A) Although alcohol can be harmful to the developing fetus, moderate drinking may help the mother lower her blood pressure during the pregnancy.
B) Only the children of chronic alcoholics will suffer long-term effects.
C) The effects of alcohol are clearly dose related, but there is no known safe level of consumption.
D) Social drinking poses no threat to the developing fetus and mothers should just relax and enjoy as necessary.
Q3) Describe the effects of prenatal exposure to rubella.
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Chapter 5: Birth and the Newborns Readiness for Life
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Janet has just been born.The doctor tells her parents that she has very high levels of stress hormones in her system.What does this mean for Janet's health?
A) Her lung function is decreased.
B) She has an increased chance of breathing normally.
C) Her heart function is decreased.
D) She has an increased chance of a heart failure or stroke.
Q2) Briefly discuss natural or prepared childbirth,and home delivery,noting the advantages and disadvantages of each.
Q3) Under typical circumstances,what happens to the primitive reflexes,such as the palmar grasp?
A) They are present at birth and then disappear within a few months after birth.
B) They are present at birth and do not disappear until a child reaches preschool age.
C) They are not present at birth and appear sometime in the first 3-6 months; disappearing by 1 year of age.
D) They are present at birth and never disappear.
Q4) What are the pros and cons associated with administering medications to the mother during the birth process?
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Chapter 6: Physical Development
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134 Verified Questions
134 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the sex differences in skeletal ossification that are present at birth,and compare these to sex differences that are present at age 12.
Q2) What is the most likely explanation for the decrease in the average age of onset for menarche over the past 100 years?
A) better nutrition and medical care
B) changes to hormone production due to environmental hazards
C) increased acceptance of adolescent sexuality
D) decreased separation of the societal roles of females and males
Q3) Baby Maede can skillfully control the movements of her trunk and shoulders but not of her hands and fingers.Which trend best characterizes Maede's motor skills?
A) cephalocaudal
B) proximodistal
C) cephalomotor
D) distal motor passage
Q4) Compare and contrast marasmus and kwashiorkor in terms of their causes and their outward physical symptoms.
Q5) Identify two ways in which parents may contribute to the development of obesity in their children.
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Chapter 7: Early Cognitive Foundations
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Bandura,a child's observational learning involves the acquisition of symbolic representations of the model's behaviour.Which finding is most consistent with this viewpoint?
A) Children reproduce more of a model's behaviour if they actively describe the model's behaviour during observation.
B) Describing the model's behaviour during observation has no effect on learning.
C) Children reproduce less of a model's behaviour if they actively describe the model's behaviour during observation.
D) Children who count out loud during observation of the model show increased learning.
Q2) Becca,a 3-month-old,is placed in a chamber and shown two different pictures at the same time.The researcher carefully records how long Becca looks at each picture.In this example,which method is the researcher using?
A) preference
B) habituation
C) evoked potentials
D) differentiation
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Chapter 8: Cognitive Development
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176 Verified Questions
176 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget believed that intellectual development occurs in a fixed sequence.Which factor(s)did he base this belief on?
A) assimilation and accommodation
B) cultural and social experiences and expectations
C) biological maturation
D) circular reactions and organization
Q2) Which of the following would be a slogan of neonativism?
A) "Abilities arise from experiential learning."
B) "The newborn arrives with much knowledge."
C) "Development is totally flexible."
D) "Knowledge is constructed from early reflexes."
Q3) In terms of problem solving,what marks the fifth stage of the sensorimotor period?
A) Children reach a solution to a problem internally by symbolic mental combinations.
B) Children repeat behaviours that result in interesting consequences.
C) Children engage in overt trial-and-error behaviours to explore the properties of objects.
D) Children show reversibility of thought operations.
Q4) Compare and contrast Vygotsky's and Piaget's views on general cognitive growth.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Cognitive Development
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164 Verified Questions
164 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement best summarizes the research findings regarding the effects of knowledge base on children's memory?
A) Expert children will typically recall more than nonexpert adults if their knowledge base is more extensive.
B) Nonexpert adults will still recall more than expert children because of greater memory capacity.
C) Expert children and nonexpert adults will recall about the same amount of information regardless of knowledge base.
D) Nonexpert children will recall more information than expert adults due to recall interference in adults.
Q2) In addition to the advances in the development of brain physiology,what other factor is thought to account for the improvement in attention span with age?
A) unconditional positive reinforcement from others
B) improvement of attentional strategies
C) increased involvement in activities such as study groups
D) increased capacity of the sensory store
Q3) Outline how metamemory typically changes between the ages of 4 and 12 years of age.
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Chapter 10: Intelligence
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133 Verified Questions
133 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Researchers have "Canadianized" the Wechsler tests.What were some of the issues they were concerned about in using the American tests on Canadian populations? What did their results suggest?
Q2) List and describe the three dimensions that Guilford proposed for classifying cognitive tasks.
Q3) Discuss the research evidence that relates to the long-term impact of early compensatory intervention programs.
Q4) Frasier is an athlete who won two gold medals at the last Olympic Games; however,he seems to have real problems when it comes to balancing his chequing account.Which theory of intelligence would best explain Frasier's different levels of performance on these tasks?
A) Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences
B) Spearman's theory of general intelligence
C) Thurstone's theory of primary mental abilities
D) Sternberg's information-processing theory of intelligence
Q5) List the eight second-stratum abilities proposed in Carroll's three-stratum theory of intelligence and identify one third-stratum ability that is associated with each of the second-stratum abilities.
Q6) Discuss research evidence in support of the "cumulative-deficit" hypothesis.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Development of Language and Communication Skills
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170 Verified Questions
170 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Five grammatical morphemes that children acquire during the preschool period are (1)standard plurals (formed by adding s); (2)regular past tense (formed by adding ed); (3)progressive tense (formed by adding ing); (4)possession (formed by adding 's); (5)definite and indefinite articles (use of the/an/a).List the five morphemes above in their typical order of emergence.
Q2) Lochlain uses the Gaelic word for truck when conversing in English with his English-speaking grandparents.What does this represent?
A) morphological misunderstanding
B) an overregularization
C) an underextension
D) code-mixing
Q3) Contrast a referential style with an expressive style of early language use.
Q4) By the age of 2 to 2 1/2,how do most children use terms such as big and little?
A) to draw proper normative conclusions and to make appropriate functional judgments
B) to draw proper normative conclusions and perceptual inferences
C) to draw proper perceptual inferences and to make appropriate functional judgments
D) to make appropriate functional judgments and draw upon spatial contrasts
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Chapter 12: Emotional Development,temperament,and Attachment
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166 Verified Questions
166 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes the use of social referencing by a young child?
A) The child shows an understanding that emotional expression is not condoned by adults in most situations.
B) The child uses the emotional reactions of others as a source of information to guide his or her reactions.
C) The child uses the parent or other caretaker as an attachment object.
D) The child shows a growing ability to communicate using emotional expression.
Q2) Discuss how the four central developmental themes of the textbook relate to the issue of emotional and attachment development.
Q3) What does the adaptive regulation of emotions involve?
A) maintaining or suppressing negative emotions
B) suppressing some forms of emotional arousal while maintaining or intensifying others
C) maintaining or intensifying positive emotions
D) suppressing all negative emotions
Q4) Explain variations in attachment patterns across different cultures.
Q5) Briefly outline the learning theory of attachment formation.
Q6) Briefly outline the ethological theory of attachment formation.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Development of the Self and Social Cognition
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which parenting style is typical of parents whose children have low levels of achievement motivation?
A) permissive
B) authoritarian
C) authoritative
D) autocratic
Q2) Raymond has taken a number of courses in a pre-Law program,but recently became interested in developmental psychology.In order to make future career decisions,he spends a great deal of time investigating both careers and charting how to transfer prerequisite courses between programs of study.Based on this information,which identity status would you assign to Raymond if you endorsed Marcia's categorical system?
A) diffusion
B) foreclosure
C) postponement
D) moratorium
Q3) Describe how parents and peers can influence self-esteem in children and adolescents.
Q4) Give a detailed description of Harter's hierarchical model of self-esteem.
Q5) Briefly describe the origins and development of self-esteem.
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Sex Differences and Similarities,gender-Role
Development,and Sexual Behavior
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which sex is less physically vulnerable to injury,disability,or disease during development?
A) females, at all ages
B) males, at all ages
C) males before the age of 2
D) females after the age of 10
Q2) Have the data gathered from cross-cultural research studies supported Kohlberg's stages of gender identity formation?
A) partially, as some cultures have more stages and some have fewer stages than were identified by Kohlberg
B) no, the sequence of the stages he outlined is highly variable and children often follow a different sequence or skip at least one of the stages
C) partially, as his stages accurately describe the formation of gender identity in males, but not in females
D) yes, his three stages of gender identity seem to be relatively universal
Q3) Describe the qualities associated with expressive and instrumental traits.
Q4) Describe testicular feminization syndrome,and gender-role development in individuals with this syndrome.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Moral Development,altruism,and Aggression
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150 Verified Questions
150 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) List three criticisms that have been raised with respect to Piaget's theory of moral development and briefly describe the research evidence relevant to each of these points.
Q2) Which of the following best summarizes the research findings regarding the characteristics of the typical victim of peer aggression?
A) They use provocative verbalizations.
B) They are passive and weak.
C) They are provocative and are popular with peers.
D) They are both passive and provocative and are rejected by peers.
Q3) According to Kohlberg,what form of moral reasoning predominates during adolescence and emerging adulthood?
A) naive hedonism
B) morality of contract
C) moral relativism
D) good boy/good girl morality
Q4) List the three stages of moral reasoning described by Piaget,and describe the behaviours that are characteristic of each stage.
Q5) Briefly outline the key aspects in Freud's theory of Oedipal morality.
Q6) Describe the felt-responsibility hypothesis.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: The Family
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155 Verified Questions
155 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Discuss how sibling relationships typically change and develop from the preschool years through to adolescence.
Q2) What percentage of Canadian families are headed by a single parent?
A) 20 percent
B) 30 percent
C) 40 percent
D) 50 percent
Q3) How is an extended family unit defined?
A) Some of the individuals are blood relatives, and some individuals are step-relatives.
B) The individuals are a mother, a father, and at least two dependent children.
C) The individuals are blood relatives from more than one nuclear family who live together in the same household.
D) Some of the individuals are unrelated through family, but live together in the same household.
Q4) List and describe four positive roles that siblings might play in each other's development.
Q5) Identify four different patterns of parenting and describe the discipline style associated with each of these parenting patterns.
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Chapter 17: Extrafamilial Influences
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151 Verified Questions
151 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Rutter and other researchers,which factor has been found to be highly predictive of "effective" schools?
A) higher levels of monetary support
B) a clear focus on academic goals
C) the introduction of ability tracking
D) the use of an "open" classroom design
Q2) David is described as trying to dominate and control his peers.He is also described as a braggart,who is uncooperative,critical,and hypersensitive to criticism.Using sociometric techniques,how would you categorize David's peer status?
A) neglected
B) antisocial
C) controversial
D) rejected-aggressive
Q3) Which statement best defines the children who are categorised as television "literate"?
A) They are less likely to watch noneducational television programs.
B) They are able to interpret the form of television messages.
C) They watch less television than other children.
D) They do not enjoy the programs that they see on television.
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Page 19