Child Development
Final Test Solutions
Course Introduction
Child Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth of children from conception through adolescence. The course examines major theories and research findings in developmental psychology, focusing on milestones and variations in development. Topics include prenatal development, attachment, language acquisition, identity formation, and the impact of family, culture, and environment on childrens experiences. Students gain an understanding of how children learn and develop, as well as the implications for parenting, education, and societal support systems.
Recommended Textbook
Children Play and Development 4th Edition by Fergus P. Hughes
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10 Chapters
476 Verified Questions
476 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Historical and Theoretical Viewpoints
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to _____________theory, each person's development reflects the evolutionary pro?gression of the entire human species.
Answer: recapitulation
Q2) "The major value of play is that it reduces the various forms of anxiety that are found in preschool children". This statement most closely represents the view of play expressed by
A) Herbert Spencer.
B) Jean Piaget.
C) Sigmund Freud.
D) Daniel Berlyne.
E) Greta Fein.
Answer: C
Q3) Play was discouraged in the lives of Puritan children because
A) it distracted them from study and vocational training.
B) it was seen as the work of the devil.
C) the Puritans hated all forms of playfulness.
D) play was thought to encourage sexual expression.
E) children were never allowed to socialize with one another.
Answer: A
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Ethological and Cultural Perspectives
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47 Verified Questions
47 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) It has been suggested that children's school experience can influence the quality of their symbolic play. In what ways has such an influence been demonstrated?
Answer: -School may be a more natural and comfortable environment for a middle-class than a lower-class child. Middle-class children may more easily display his or her imaginative skills.
-Lower class children display a larger variety of verbal and social skills outside school than within it.
-Children of lower socioeconomic status may not be familiar with the tools and toys available for use in play at schools and therefore may need to become acquainted with them before their symbolic play is assessed.
Q2) In cultures in which they are separated from the world of adults, children are more likely to play out the roles of _______ characters.
Answer: fantasy
Q3) Games of ________ are games whose outcomes are determined by the rational choices made by the players.
Answer: strategy
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Chapter 3: The First 2 Years of Life
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the behavioral differences between an infant at play and an infant engaged in exploration of its environment. When is an infant likely to play and when it is likely to explore instead?
Answer: -The affective state: exploration may be characterized as either a neutral or mildly negative emotional experience, while play is a joyful and positive experience. Exploration may make children cautious and serious and they may feel tense or uncertain.
-Stereotypical behaviors: Typically, children will use their senses to examine items with focus and repetition during exploration. In play children will be more comfortable and relaxed and they may move fluidly from one activity to another. Play seems to be devoid of stereotypy.
-Focus of attention: During exploration children will devote their attention to the object of their exploration. They may appear to be tense and may not want to be interrupted. However, in play, children are less focused on objects and they display less concentration.
-When children are in unfamiliar surroundings, they are likely to explore, but when they become familiar with their surroundings, they are more likely to play.
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Chapter 4: The Preschool Years: From 2 to 5
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Moderate to severe malnutrition during childhood will
A) result in learning difficulties but will have no influence on play.
B) influence physical play, but will have no effect on make-believe play.
C) lower the quality and decrease the overall amount of play.
D) influence play to such a degree that the negative effects cannot be reversed.
Q2) When children play separately at the same activ?ity at the same time and in the same place we refer to the activity as _________ play.
Q3) Children appear to be the most closely attached to parents who tend to be secure, and who are confident in their _______ skills.
Q4) Compared to younger ones, older preschool children need a greater degree of realism in their props to engage successfully in dramatic play.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The type of make-believe play that stimulates the "what if" type of thinking that forms the basis for mature hypothetical reasoning and problem solving is ________ play.
Q6) When young children play in traditional playgrounds, most of their time is spent in _________ play.
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Chapter 5: Play in Later Childhood and Adolescence
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48 Verified Questions
48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about the physical fitness benefits of competitive sports for children is not true?
A) Children are more physically active than adults.
B) Children who compete in sports are actually less healthy than children who do not.
C) Children who are extremely active in sports are more physically fit than children who are not active.
D) Children who enjoy sports are likely to carry these interests into adult life.
E) It is difficult to determine what, if any, are the long-range benefits of sports participation for children.
Q2) Athletic success will be of little consequence to a child who lacks a _________ that pertains to athletics.
Q3) Most people in the United States who play computer games are between the ages of _______ and _______.
Q4) While play as a category of activity all but disappears during adolescence in most non-Western cultures, it is replaced in the United States and European countries by
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Chapter 6: Gender Differences in Play
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of fantasy play role is a girl more likely than a boy to assume?
A) a domestic role
B) an opposite sex role
C) a family role
D) a real rather than fictitious role
E) all of the above
Q2) After extensive analysis of the marble games of elementary school children, Piaget observed that games played by girls had fewer _______ than games played by boys.
Q3) Girls tend to play in large groups, while boys are more likely to play with just one or two friends.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Girls with congenital adrenal hyperplasia are more active, more aggressive, and more interested in rough and tumble play than their sisters and cousins who do not have CAH.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Most children have acquired a preference for gender-typed toys at some time between the ages of ______ and __________.
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Chapter 7: Play in Special Populations
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48 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most striking differences in play between blind and sighted chil?dren is that children with limited vision engage in greater amounts of _________ play.
Q2) Young children with hearing difficulties prefer coopera?tive make-believe play to solitary play.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to the author of your text, the least valuable type of hospital play program is the ________ program.
A) activity/recreation
B) diversionary
C) therapeutic
D) child development
E) child-life
Q4) Children with intellectual deficits seem to get less pleasure from toys than do typically developing children.
A)True
B)False
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9
Chapter 8: Play and Intellectual Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the types of infant and toddler play materials that are predictive of successful performance on tests of development, as well as on later intelligence tests.
Q2) A _________ spatial concept allows a child to think of space as an overall network, independent of the number or the arrangement of elements within it.
Q3) According to Vygotsky (1978), the value of play materials is that they
A) help children to reduce their anxiety.
B) make it easier for children to relate to their peers.
C) help adults influence and control their children.
D) help children to separate themselves from concrete reality.
E) encourage children to develop their creativity.
Q4) Both literacy and make-believe play involve __________ language, meaning that the words used often refer to objects not immediately present.
Q5) Describe and provide examples of the four different types of language play that occur in early childhood.
Q6) The relationship between play and divergent thinking is both complex and ____________.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: The Social Benefits of Play
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Sample Questions
Q1) Eleven-month-old Roger's parents briefly leave him alone in a strange room, and when they return Roger reacts to them with hostility and resistance. According to Mary Ainsworth, Roger is probably
A) insecure-ambivalent.
B) securely attached.
C) insecure-avoidant.
D) advanced in his development.
E) normal and well-adjusted for his age.
Q2) The Russian psychologist Lev Vygotsky believed that play is essential in the formation of a child's symbolic abilities. What did he mean by this?
Q3) Children rated as popular by their teachers are the most likely to have parents who engage in a good deal of physical play with them.
A)True
B)False
Q4) All of the evidence that experience with creative movement/dance can enhance social competence is in the form of testimonials from instructors.
A)True
B)False
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11
Chapter 10: The Uses of Play in Therapy
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49 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud observed that children have difficulty achieving transference when they are in therapy because
A) they already have loyalties to significant adult figures in their lives.
B) it is not they but their parents who decide that the therapy is needed.
C) they lack the necessary verbal skills.
D) they see the therapist as a powerful and intimidating figure.
E) they won't admit that anything is wrong with them.
Q2) Which of the following therapists maintained that play is to the child what free association is to the adult?
A) Axline
B) Rogers
C) Klein
D) Freud
E) Moustakas
Q3) Anna Freud believed that she could work effectively with a child even if that child had no motivation to bring about change.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Play Analysis was an approach to therapy developed by ________ ________.
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