Child Development Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive exploration of the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of children from conception through adolescence. Students will examine major theories and research findings related to developmental milestones, the influence of family, culture, and community, as well as the impact of biological and environmental factors on growth and learning. Emphasis is placed on understanding individual differences, fostering positive development, and applying concepts to real-world contexts such as education and caregiving. Through readings, discussions, and practical activities, students will gain insights into the complexities of child development and its implications for supporting healthy and successful outcomes.
Recommended Textbook Child Development 14th Edition by John W Santrock
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17 Chapters
1797 Verified Questions
1797 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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153 Verified Questions
153 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In order to assess the brain and spinal cord (the central nervous system)with a psychophysiological measure,which of the following can be used?
A) neuroimaging techniques
B) electroencephalograph
C) both neuroimaging and electroencephalograph techniques
D) None of these.
Answer: C
Q2) Vygotsky portrayed the child's development as inseparable from A) social activities.
B) cultural activities.
C) social and cultural activities.
D) None of these.
Answer: C
Q3) A developmental psychologist with an ethological orientation would be least likely to A) believe in the theory of evolution.
B) utilize the concept of a critical period.
C) view behavior as being influenced by biology.
D) focus on the impact of punishment on behavior.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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113 Verified Questions
113 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When twins are dissimilar genetically,they
A) come from the same fertilized egg.
B) come from two different fertilized eggs.
C) have different genetic makeup.
D) come from two different fertilized eggs and have different genetic makeup.
Answer: D
Q2) Women between the ages of ____ and ____ are less likely to give birth to a child with Down syndrome than are younger or older women.
A) 15; 20
B) 16; 34
C) 25; 30
D) None of these.
Answer: B
Q3) As a behavioral geneticist,which of the following is Dr.Powers most likely to use as research subjects?
A) rats
B) geriatric patients
C) identical twins
D) individuals with psychological disorders
Answer: C
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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135 Verified Questions
135 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most accurate summary of research on infant-parent bonding is that
A) infant and mother interactions during the first few days of life are not as critical as was once thought.
B) the lack of bonding appears to have clear long-term detrimental effects on infants.
C) premature infants do not appear to bond in the same way as full-term infants.
D) there is growing evidence for the existence of an instinctive infant-mother bond.
Answer: A
Q2) It is generally agreed that consumption of caffeine is not good for prenatal development.If Mary wants to avoid caffeine,which should she choose to drink?
A) regular coffee
B) chocolate milk
C) cola
D) white milk
Answer: D
Q3) List the three periods of prenatal development.
Answer: germinal,embryonic,and fetal
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Chapter 4: Physical Development and Health
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94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cancer is the _____________ leading cause of death in children 5 to 14 years old.Currently 1 in every 330 children in the United States develops cancer before 19 years of age.
A) third
B) leading
C) second
D) fourth
Q2) There are wide variations in the onset and progression of puberty.Which of the following is an appropriate example?
A) Puberty might begin as early as 10 years of age or as late as 13 ½ years of age for boys.It might end as early as 13 years of age or as late as 17 years of age.
B) Puberty might begin as early as 8 years of age or as late as 13 ½ years of age for boys.It might end as early as 12 years of age or as late as 17 years of age.
C) There is no prediction of when puberty will begin or end-not even within a range of years or months.
D) There is an exact prediction of when puberty will begin.
Q3) Essay: Compare and contrast cephalocaudal and proximodistal patterns of growth.
Q4) Describe the difference between left-brain and right-brain thinking.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
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93 Verified Questions
93 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If you touch an infant's palms,you will elicit the ________ reflex.
A) rooting
B) Moro
C) grasping
D) Babinski
Q2) If Chad is _________ old,you would expect that he looks at different things for different lengths of time.He prefers pattern displays rather than non pattern displays.
A) 1 month
B) 2 months
C) 3 months
D) between 2 and 3 weeks
Q3) __________________ exploratory forms of intermodal perception exist in newborns.
A) Intermediate
B) Crude
C) Excellent
D) None of these.
Q4) List two reasons why circumcisions were performed in the past without any anesthesia.
Q5) Compare and contrast Gibson's ecological view and Piaget's constructivist view.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches
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130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If an infant in the coordination of secondary circular reactions substage of sensorimotor development manipulates a stick in order to bring a desired toy within reach or knocks over one block to reach and play with another one,this would be an example of
A) object permanence.
B) intentionality.
C) coordination.
D) None of these.
Q2) During an average day,6-month-old Mercedes' parents unwittingly subject her to tasks that challenge her object permanence abilities.Which would be the best example of this task?
A) Her father tries to get her to imitate a sound that he is making.
B) Her mother accidentally drops a towel over a ball while Mercedes is playing with it.
C) Her father gives her a doll that she has never seen before.
D) Her mother tries to get her to begin to take formula from a bottle versus milk from a breast.
Q3) Describe the differences between egocentrism and animism and provide an example of each.
Q4) Compare and contrast Jean Piaget's theory with that of Lev Vygotsky.
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Chapter 7: Information Processing
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106 Verified Questions
106 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the difference between the reasoning of children and the reasoning of scientists?
A) Children are influenced by happenstance.
B) Children maintain their old theories regardless of evidence.
C) Children often try to reconcile seemingly contradictory new information with their existing beliefs.
D) All of these are differences.
Q2) _______________ theory states that when individuals encode information,it creates two types of memory representation: (1)_____________________,which consists of precise details,and (2)________________________,which is the central idea of the information.
A) Fuzzy trace; verbatim memory trace; grist
B) Verbatim-memory trace; grist; fuzzy trace
C) Grist; verbatim,fuzzy trace
D) None of these.
Q3) Older children have cognitive control of attention,whereas younger children
A) can't pay attention at all.
B) attend to what is most salient in the environment.
C) respond the same as older children.
D) None of these.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence
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87 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most modern attempts to improve the intellectual environments of impoverished children have focused on
A) programs that educate parents to be sensitive caregivers and provide teachers with support services.
B) educational remediation.
C) providing money to families.
D) encouraging families to use day care.
Q2) An individual's level of mental development relative to others is called the A) mental age.
B) chronological age.
C) developmental level.
D) intelligence quotient.
Q3) According to Sternberg,students with high analytic ability
A) do well in classes in which the teacher lectures and gives objective tests.
B) typically get good grades.
C) do well on traditional IQ tests
D) All of these.
Q4) Compare and contrast mental retardation and giftedness in IQ and functioning.
Q5) Describe three areas of increased intelligence found in brain imagery.
Q6) Describe and give an example of both divergent and convergent thinking.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Child-directed speech is the kind of speech often used by adults to talk to babies and young children.Which is not a characteristic of this type of speech?
A) higher pitch than normal speech
B) simple words and sentences
C) can not be used until the child is 12-months old
D) captures the baby's attention immediately
Q2) Roger Brown (1973)challenged the behavioristic explanation of language acquisition by pointing out that parents
A) play no documented role in their children's acquisition of language.
B) contribute to their children's language development by genetic means.
C) often pay no attention to the grammatical form of their children's utterances.
D) imitate and expand upon the sounds and words produced by their children.
Q3) Identify two basic issues that characterize connections between language and cognition and provide one example of each.
Q4) What is bilingualism? Describe the preferred strategy for teaching a child a second language.What do advocates of bilingual education argue?
Q5) Compare and contrast phonology and morphology.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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104 Verified Questions
104 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) After reading and agreeing with an article on attachment authored by Jerome Kagan,what would you be most likely to say?
A) Secure infant attachments are more important than most people think.
B) Children are much less resilient than most people think.
C) Disruption of the infant and biological mother bond leads to devastating,long-term problems.
D) Inherited ability to get along with a parent is shown by the child.
Q2) ________________________ is evidenced when infants use the caregiver,usually the mother,as a secure base from which to explore the environment.
A) Insecure attachment
B) Secure attachment
C) Fearful temperament
D) Individual differences
Q3) Which statement is not an example of Jerome Kagan's high-quality child care?
A) The day care included a pediatrician.
B) The day care had a director that also taught the children.
C) The day care had an infant-teacher ratio of 3 to 1.
D) The day care was a safe environment.
Q4) Describe the term goodness of fit.
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Chapter 11: The Self and Identity
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Concerning self-understanding,early childhood is to middle childhood as A) internal is to external.
B) physical is to psychological.
C) inactive is to active.
D) abstract is to concrete.
Q2) Explain the concept of a psychological moratorium,which occurs during the period of adolescence.
Q3) Second-generation immigrants are more likely to
A) think of themselves as "American" because citizenship is granted at birth.
B) resist learning English.
C) join social networks.
D) resist learning English,but join social networks.
Q4) A child's multiple selves reflect their experiences in navigating their multiple worlds of
A) family.
B) peers.
C) school.
D) All of these.
Q5) Compare and contrast self-esteem and self-concept.
Q6) List the five forms of self-image with which an adolescent will relate.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Gender
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In terms of parental and family influences,when does the family start treating the child like a boy or a girl?
A) at birth
B) around 6 months old
C) around 1 year old
D) around 2 years old
Q2) William Pollack says the "crisis of boyhood" promotes
A) a lack of male emotion.
B) the bottling of anxiety.
C) little display of feelings.
D) All of these.
Q3) _____________________ talk is talk that gives information.Public speaking is an example of this type of talk.Males hold center stage through this talk with such verbal performances as storytelling,joking,and lecturing with information.
A) Report
B) Rapport
C) Self-regulation
D) Report-rapport
Q4) Compare and contrast the differences between gender identity,roles,and typing.
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Chapter 13: Moral Development
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What component of the superego involves behaviors disapproved of by parents?
A) id
B) ego
C) ego ideal
D) conscience
Q2) Juvenile ____________________________ refers to a broad range of behaviors,from socially unacceptable behavior to status offenses.
A) delinquency
B) court
C) tendencies
D) expectations
Q3) James tells his brother Dan,"You should always wear your seat belt because it's against the law not to do so.We should obey the law because it is the right thing to do." At what stage of moral reasoning is James operating?
A) social systems morality
B) individualism and purpose
C) universal-ethical principles
D) community rights versus individual rights
Q4) List four things that contribute to conduct problems in children.
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Chapter 14: Families
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92 Verified Questions
92 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Corporal punishment is ___________ in ____________ state(s)in America.
A) illegal; some
B) illegal; all
C) legal; all
D) legal; some
Q2) Some parents deliberately rear their children in the indulgent parenting style because they believe the combination of warm involvement and few restraints will produce a
A) creative child.
B) confident child.
C) creative,confident child.
D) child that is neither creative nor confident.
Q3) _______________________ parents are more likely than _______________ parents to use physical punishment,according to some research studies.
A) Latino; non-Latino white
B) African American; Latino
C) African American; non-Latino white
D) Non-Latino; African American
Q4) List the importance of intergenerational relationships in children's development.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Peers
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Sample Questions
Q1) When 16-year-old Bonnie informs Sally that she is afraid of boys and has never been on a date,by definition she is
A) violating accepted gender norms.
B) modeling her parents.
C) decreasing the intimacy of the relationship.
D) assessing the trust versus mistrust level of the relationship.
Q2) __________________________ believed that play is an excellent setting for cognitive development.He was especially interested in the symbolic and make-believe aspects of play.
A) Freud
B) Vygotsky
C) Skinner
D) Erikson
Q3) Theorists and researchers argue that parent-child relationships serve as emotional bases for
A) positive parental interactions.
B) optimal physical development.
C) enjoying peer relations.
D) conformity to teacher requests.
Q4) Compare and contrast friendships between boys and girls.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Schools and Achievement
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120 Verified Questions
120 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Compare and contrast external and internal motivation.
Q2) Which does not belong?
A) child-centered kindergarten
B) concern for children's social and physical development
C) process valued over product
D) emphasis is on academic performance
Q3) A proposed cause of ADHD is
A) cigarette and alcohol exposure during prenatal development.
B) low birth weight.
C) delayed development of the brain's frontal lobes.
D) All of these.
Q4) IEP is the acronym for an
A) individualized educational program.
B) instructional educational plan.
C) individualized education process.
D) idealistic education plus.
Q5) Identify the characteristics involved with a learning disability.
Q6) Compare and contrast the pros and cons of the "No Child Left Behind" law.
Q7) List the three characteristics of ADHD.
Q8) Describe Project Head Start.
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Chapter 17: Culture and Diversity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Collectivism emphasizes values that serve the group by subordinating personal goals to preserve
A) group integrity.
B) interdependence of the members.
C) harmonious relationships.
D) All of these.
Q2) Prosocial behavior has been identified in children watching some television shows such as
A) Two and a Half Men.
B) Sesame Street.
C) Happy Days.
D) None of these.
Q3) Define the term prejudice and provide one example.
Q4) Max says to his coworker,"Lois is a woman,so there's no way she will be as good a welder as I am." This is an example of A) diversity.
B) ethnicity.
C) racism.
D) prejudice.
Q5) List five positives and five negatives of technology on our lives today.
Page 19
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