Child Development Exam Review
Course Introduction
Child Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth of children from conception through adolescence. This course examines major theories and research findings that explain how children develop and learn within diverse family, cultural, and community contexts. Students will learn to observe developmental milestones, identify risk and protective factors, and analyze the influence of environment and genetics on development. Emphasis is placed on practical applications for supporting healthy development at home, in educational settings, and in broader society.
Recommended Textbook
Positive Child Guidance 8th Edition by Darla Ferris Miller
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1052 Verified Questions
1052 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Why Guidance Matters
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85 Verified Questions
85 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Pupils sitting rigidly and silently following teacher instructions and listening toteachers talking are not examples of _______________.
Answer: a DAP environment.
Q2) Which of the following is a purpose of child guidance?
A)To make interaction less frustrating and more satisfying for both adult and child
B)To ensure that children know they are not in control
C)To ensure that children grow up to behave appropriately because they know they willbe punished.
D)To gain control over children
Answer: A
Q3) Children begin life without any ______________________.
Answer: self-control
Q4) The number of _____ families is believed to be increasing.
A)dual-earner
B)immoral
C)wealthy
D)two-parent
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Historical Perspectives and Guidance Theories
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101 Verified Questions
101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Carl Rogers's theory of personality was based on
A)the external manipulation of human beings through incentive rewards to gently shapepositive behavior.
B)his work as a clinical psychologist and his deep respect for the dignity of all humanbeings.
C)the idea that children and adults are incapable of understanding their own inner motivesand thus are incapable of guiding their own destiny without external control fromauthority figures.
D)all of these.
Answer: B
Q2) What kinds of things influenced changing perceptions about child care and guidance practicesduring the 1900s?
Answer: During that century, ideas about children were influenced by two world wars, alternating periodsof economic depression and prosperity, and the changing role of women in the workforce, as wellas by growing scientific interest in child development research.Momentum had begun to buildpromoting the scientific study of the development of children and the dissemination of pertinentinformation to parents.
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4
Chapter 3: Understanding Childrens Behavior
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149 Verified Questions
149 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Toddlers must be pushed to learn or they will not strive to achieve autonomy.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Older toddlers begin to develop a self-concept based on what they are told and how theyare treated.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Babies and toddlers are unable to comprehend or respond to nonverbal communication.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q4) Preschoolers' views of themselves are not affected by others around them.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) Stimuli are perceptions taken in through the ____________________. Answer: senses
Page 5
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Chapter 4: How to Observe Children
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Sample Questions
Q1) Observations in DAP are used for all of the following except
A)communicating with families.
B)identifying children's needs and interests.
C)judging the validity and morality of individual behavior.
D)planning program improvement.
E)improving curriculum.
Q2) One way to increase objectivity is to make a conscious effort to separate facts from____________________.
Q3) A(n) ____________________ record is an attempt to record in detail a specific episode that is ofparticular interest or concern.
Q4) One way to increase objectivity is to make a conscious effort to separate facts from opinions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The only reason for observation is for program quality improvement. A)True
B)False
Q6) What is a running account?
Q7) Give three examples of adult bias.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Serving Culturally Diverse Children and Families
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101 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) To really understand a child's inner nature, one has to see how the parents, theirworkplace, the community, the society, the school, and even the ____________________ allinteract and affect the child.
Q2) What can you do to help children from other cultures feel more welcomed?
A)Learn to pronounce correctly and use the child's given name.
B)Delay using "time out" until the child has fully transitioned.
C)Ask one of the parents to stay at school with the child for at least the first week of s
D)Tell the child to stand in front of the class and talk about his or her culture.
E)All of these are correct.
Q3) Children are capable of learning to function in
onecultural context.
Q4) The development of prejudice and discrimination in
harms thedevelopment of group identity, as well as self-identity.
Q5) Sometimes children target other children to bully and stigmatize simply becausethey are looking for a scapegoat.
A)True
B)False
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Page 7
Chapter 6: Understanding Children With Ability Differences
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Sample Questions
Q1) If an IEP is not legally required, should any special planning be done for children withdisabilities?
Q2) Children with ability differences often need special accommodations to help them interact, learn,and play as naturally as possible with their typically developing peers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) We can help children lose their fear of people who are different by replacing it with____________________ and tolerance.
Q4) Books should not depict people with ability differences as ____________________ observerswho take no active role in schools or in their communities.
Q5) In TV and movies, "heroes" are usually attractive and "villains" are usually unattractive.
A)True B)False
Q6) Studies have shown that attractive individuals have an advantage in employment settings and aremore likely to be acquitted for a(n) ____________________.
Q7) Why is inclusion important for children with ability differences?
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Chapter 7: Designing Developmentally Appropriate
Environments Inside and Out
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Sample Questions
Q1) Play helps children learn self-control by teaching them to express strong feelings.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Developmentally appropriate environments
A)can prevent problem behaviors before they begin.
B)should be highly scheduled.
C)should be sterile and overstimulating.
D)all of these.
Q3) Corporal punishment in early childhood care
A)is ineffective and inappropriate.
B)is known to increase children's aggression.
C)contradicts the ideal of a peaceful family and society.
D)is linked with behavior and emotional problems.
E)all of these.
Q4) Children who have developed ____________________ behave generously and are capable ofacting in a way that benefits others with no motive of personal gain.
Q5) Describe the characteristics of a nurturing social environment.
Page 9
Q6) ____________________ lets children discover their own passions and talents.
Q7) What are the three critical elements of prosocial interaction?
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Chapter 8: Building Relationships Through Positive Communication
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Sample Questions
Q1) A form of active listening in which one concentrates on what is being said and then reflects ideas to the speaker to confirm understanding is called all of the following except
A)empathetic listening.
B)"parentese."
C)reflective listening.
D)mirroring.
Q2) Is "baby talk" harmful?
Q3) Children learn to communicate effectively by interacting with nurturing role models of effective communication.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Crucial conversations
A)should make people feel uncomfortable.
B)are about easy issues.
C)give us an effective tool for conflict resolution.
D)all of these.
Q5) Children, and adults as well, will close off communication that is incomprehensible, ____________________, vague, or rude, just as they would tune out a radio with unpleasant static.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Fundamental Causes of Positive and Negative Behavior
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Sample Questions
Q1) Moral development is the process by which human beings learn to monitor their own actions, decide whether a tempting behavior is "good" or "bad," and inhibit inappropriate impulses.
A)True
B)False
Q2) List eight underlying causes of problem behavior.
Q3) An adult relying on a child-centered definition of misbehavior will
A)make decisions based on the time of day and the planned schedule.
B)focus on the effect a child's behavior has on the adult.
C)consider the opinions of others watching the misbehavior.
D)focus on the ability level, motives, and long-term well-being of the child.
E)all of these.
Q4) Positive child guidance focuses on the child's ability level, the severity and intent of the behavior, and possible reasons for the behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Identify three typical situations where children would be very likely to misbehave and describe an effective strategy to prevent the misbehavior in each setting.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Effective Guidance Interventions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give two of your own examples of appropriate and clear expressions of feelings that give children information without attacking them.
Q2) Young children become especially frustrated and confused if rules are enforced differently by the different adults who care for them.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Adults are most likely to be successful in curbing persistently aggressive behavior after they correctly identify who is to blame for the behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Consistency and fairness in the enforcement of rules help children learn to trust authority figures.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Adults should let children know that they are optimistic that the child will achieve appropriate behavior.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Mistaken Goals, Motivation, and Mindfulness
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94 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Effective child guidance is best supported by adults who A)insist on perfection.
B)are able to keep their own feelings hidden from children.
C)shield children from any unpleasantness.
D)recognize their own needs and imperfections.
E)all of these.
Q2) Children begin to develop self-esteem from birth if their needs are met by attentive caregivers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Child abuse and neglect may include all of the following except A)self-esteem.
B)positive feelings of self-worth.
C)stunted sense of self.
D)bonding.
E)behavioral problems.
Q4) When dealing with children who have developed persistent habit patterns of unproductive behavior, what is the key to sucess?
Q5) What can parents and caregivers do to support development of a child's self-esteem?
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