Child Development Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
Child Development explores the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional growth of children from prenatal stages through adolescence. The course examines major theoretical perspectives, developmental milestones, and influencing factors such as family, culture, and environment. Students will analyze patterns of development, assess individual differences, and consider the impact of early experiences on later life outcomes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how children learn, adapt, and thrive throughout their formative years.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development 9th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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15 Chapters
1978 Verified Questions
1978 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: History, Theory, and Applied Directions
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142 Verified Questions
142 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During medieval times,
A) children were treated as adults once they were old enough to perform daily routines.
B) clear awareness existed of children as vulnerable beings.
C) children were viewed as blank slates.
D) harsh, restrictive child-rearing practices were recommended to tame depraved children.
Answer: B
Q2) Accordingly to Jean Piaget's cognitive-developmental theory, children
A) actively construct knowledge as they manipulate and explore their world.
B) acquire new social values as sexual instincts die down.
C) gradually become more selective in what they imitate.
D) develop within a complex system of relationships affected by multiple levels of the surrounding environment.
Answer: A
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3
Chapter 2: Research Strategies
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following procedures can be used to determine the reliability of ethnographic and clinical studies?
A) Responses to the same measures can be compared on separate occasions.
B) Researchers can measure the quantitative scores yielded by these two methods.
C) Answers on different halves of the same measure can be compared by judges.
D) Judges can see if they agree with the researcher that the patterns and themes identified are grounded in evidence and are plausible.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is a major limitation of neurobiological methods?
A) Researchers cannot control the conditions under which participants are studied.
B) The accuracy of the results may be reduced by observer bias.
C) Many factors besides those of interest to the researcher can influence a physiological response.
D) It reveals with certainty the meaning of autonomic or brain activity.
Answer: C
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4
Chapter 3: Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Down syndrome is most commonly caused by
A) advanced maternal or paternal age.
B) an error that occurs in the early stages of mitosis, called mosaic pattern.
C) mutation of the genetic material on the twenty-third chromosome pair.
D) failure of the twenty-first pair of chromosomes to separate during meiosis.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is an example of a dominant characteristic?
A) red hair
B) nearsightedness
C) curly hair
D) Type O blood
Answer: C
Q3) Maternal stress
A) during pregnancy is associated with higher birth weight.
B) hormones cross the placenta, causing a dramatic rise in fetal heart rate.
C) is especially detrimental during the third trimester of pregnancy.
D) is a concern for a pregnant mother, but does not affect her growing baby.
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities
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129 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) When baby Raj's mom first started carrying an on-call beeper, Raj was easily awakened by the sound of it going off. After several nights, Raj's sleep was not disturbed by the beeping. This is an example of A) recovery.
B) operant conditioning.
C) habituation.
D) classical conditioning.
Q2) Baby Charlotte prefers looking at a checkerboard with many small squares compared to looking at one with a few large squares. Charlotte is demonstrating A) contrast sensitivity.
B) pictorial depth perception.
C) shape sensitivity.
D) binocular depth perception.
Q3) The most common cause of a young infant's cry is A) hearing a startling noise.
B) a novel stimulus.
C) fatigue.
D) hunger.
Q4) Identify and describe useful techniques for soothing a crying baby.
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Chapter 5: Physical Growth
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children with damage to the cerebellum usually display __________ deficits.
A) motor, but not cognitive,
B) cognitive, but not motor,
C) both motor and cognitive
D) neither motor nor cognitive
Q2) A distance curve
A) plots the average amount of growth at each yearly interval.
B) indicates typical yearly progress toward maturity.
C) reveals the exact timing of growth spurts.
D) helps track brain and body growth in children from diverse cultures.
Q3) Benita is 14 months old. Her diet should include
A) only breast milk.
B) breast milk and some protein.
C) all of the basic food groups.
D) formula and several servings of cereal.
Q4) Which of the following statements best describes growth during puberty?
A) It follows the cephalocaudal trend.
B) The hands, legs, and feet accelerate first, followed by the torso.
C) It proceeds from near to far.
D) It occurs in brief but steady spurts.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core
Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives
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137 Verified Questions
137 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) People are most likely to think abstractly and systematically on tasks in which A) they have had extensive guidance and practice in using such reasoning.
B) hypothetico-deductive reasoning is not required.
C) the rules of logical thought can be ignored. D) logical necessity is required.
Q2) Categorization helps infants learn and remember by A) teaching them how to group abstract stimuli.
B) enhancing their symbolic understanding.
C) reducing the enormous amount of new information they encounter every day. D) pairing objects with word associations.
Q3) Lester has learned how to give his dog a bath all by himself from helping his mother give the dog a bath in the past. Lester has learned this skill through A) cooperative learning.
B) intersubjectivity.
C) guided participation.
D) scaffolding.
Q4) Compare Piaget's and Vygotsky's views on children's make-believe play.
Q5) Discuss the two major features of Piaget's formal operations stage.
Q6) Describe how Vygotsky's ideas influence trends in education today.
Q7) Describe the core knowledge perspective of cognitive development. Page 8
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Page 9
Chapter 7: Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) High levels of organization at retrieval suggest that very knowledgeable children's recall of items in their area of expertise is
A) based largely on verbatim memory.
B) automatic.
C) the result of their exceptional metacognitive skills.
D) based largely on gist memory.
Q2) Improvement in recall over the preschool years is strongly associated with A) mastery of conservation.
B) understanding of false belief.
C) language development.
D) advanced perspective-taking skills.
Q3) To create autobiographical memories that persist for a lifetime, children must
A) have a well-developed language system and a repertoire of memory strategies.
B) have a clear self-image and learn to structure significant memories in narrative form. C) be attentive to routines and embed novel events into their long-term memory of those routines.
D) possess metacognitive awareness and an elaborative style of talking about experiences.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sternberg's triarchic theory helps explain why
A) out-of-school, practical forms of intelligence are vital for life success.
B) traditional intelligence tests often overestimate children's mental abilities.
C) children with severe impairments in language and communication often show remarkable numerical and spatial skills.
D) a lengthy process of education is required to transform inborn abilities into mature intelligence.
Q2) One factor that contributes to the enduring impact of high-quality early intervention programs is an emphasis on
A) parent responsibility for payment of services.
B) parent involvement, education, and support.
C) rote and drill of basic reading and math facts.
D) services for children with special needs like autism and cerebral palsy.
Q3) Which of the following scales of the Bayley-III depend on parental report?
A) the Cognitive Scale
B) the Adaptive Behavior Scale
C) the Motor Scale
D) the Language Scale
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When baby Madeline drops her teddy bear out of her crib, she reaches toward it and whimpers, prompting her mother to pick up the bear and hand it to her. This is an example of a __________ gesture.
A) protoimperative
B) sociolinguistic
C) protodeclarative
D) manipulative
Q2) Gina said, "My toy breaked," and her mother replied, "Yes, you broke your toy." Her mother's response is an example of A) shading.
B) recasting.
C) turnabout.
D) overregularization.
Q3) Enrique tells Jimmy that soccer is his favorite sport. Jimmy responds, "I like soccer, too. What's your favorite position?" Jimmy's response is an example of A) shading.
B) a turnabout.
C) an expansion.
D) recasting.
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Page 12
Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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136 Verified Questions
136 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Preschoolers who were highly fearful as 2-year-olds score slightly __________ their agemates in __________ as 4-year-olds.
A) better than; effortful control
B) below; effortful control
C) better than; positive affect
D) below; fearful distress
Q2) Research on the Aka of Central Africa reveals that a strong father-infant relationship is due in great part to a(n)
A) unusually cooperative and intimate bond between husband and wife.
B) lack of respect for women within the tribe.
C) lack of respect for men within the tribe.
D) strong division of male and female duties in the tribe.
Q3) Which of the following explains the marked differences in temperament between Asian and Caucasian-American babies?
A) cultural variations in infant feeding
B) heredity
C) different beliefs about harsh discipline
D) different cultural beliefs and practices
Q4) Discuss attachment security in skipped-generation families.
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Chapter 11: Self and Social Understanding
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127 Verified Questions
127 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children who possess an incremental view of ability
A) attribute task failure to insufficient ability.
B) tend to give up easily when faced with a challenging task.
C) credit task success to genetics.
D) believe that ability can be increased through effort.
Q2) Five-year-old Johan has very high self-esteem. His parents wonder whether this will change once he enters elementary school. Most likely, Johan's self-esteem will
A) continue to rise, as long as he does not engage in social comparison with his peers.
B) maintain its current level, but will slowly decline in the areas of peer relationships and athletic competence.
C) continue to rise until he makes the transition from elementary to middle school.
D) decline over the first few years of elementary school, but will likely rise after fourth grade.
Q3) Describe how children grapple with false beliefs as they develop a theory of mind.
Q4) Describe the development of self-concept from early childhood to adolescence.
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Moral Development
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129 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements reflects Freud's view of guilt?
A) Guilt does not emerge until middle childhood.
B) Guilt is a hostile impulse redirected toward the self.
C) Guilt is controlled by the id.
D) Guilt is a hostile impulse directed toward others.
Q2) Research on adolescent aggression shows that late-onset youths
A) first display antisocial behavior around the time of puberty, gradually increasing their involvement.
B) commit more serious crimes and spend more time in prison than early-onset youths.
C) often have deficits in cognitive functioning, as well as a diagnosis of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
D) first display antisocial behavior in late adolescence, which then peaks in the mid-twenties.
Q3) Research on induction shows that it
A) encourages empathy and sympathetic concern.
B) encourages anger and hostility toward peers.
C) should not be used with children under the age of 10.
D) is less effective than corporal punishment.
Q4) Describe the biological bases for morality.
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Chapter 13: Development of Sex Differences and Gender
Roles
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true about gender-stereotype flexibility?
A) Acknowledging that boys and girls can cross gender lines does not mean that children always approve of doing so.
B) Western children are especially tolerant when boys engage in "cross-gender" acts.
C) Boys are more likely than girls to engage in "cross-gender" acts.
D) Once children are old enough to acknowledge that boys and girls can cross gender lines, they always approve of doing so.
Q2) __________, not social experience, is largely responsible for young children's difficulty grasping the permanence of sex.
A) Language development
B) Cognitive immaturity
C) Parenting style
D) Exposure to formal education
Q3) Preschool and elementary school teachers tend to reinforce
A) "masculine" behavior in boys and "feminine" behavior in girls.
B) assertive behavior in the classroom, particularly between other-sex peers.
C) children of both sexes for "masculine" rather than "feminine" behavior.
D) children of both sexes for "feminine" rather than "masculine" behavior.
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Chapter 14: The Family
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Sample Questions
Q1) Violet's mother works long hours at a low-paying job. Her workplace maintains a hostile atmosphere. Research suggests that
A) Violet will work harder to gain her teacher's approval and attention because her mother is unavailable to her.
B) Violet's mother will engage in permissive child rearing.
C) Violet's mother is at risk for maternal depression.
D) Violet will display aggressive and antisocial behavior toward her mother.
Q2) Which of the following features did Baumrind find that consistently differentiated effective child-rearing styles from less effective ones?
A) type of discipline, rewards and punishment, and parental warmth
B) parental age, child age, and parental income
C) parent educational level, parent literacy level, and presence of extended family
D) acceptance and involvement, behavioral control, and autonomy granting
Q3) List and briefly describe the five vital services for society that were performed by the family unit of our evolutionary ancestors.
Q4) Discuss how children typically respond to being raised in a blended family.
Q5) Explain why many affluent youths are at risk for poor adjustment.
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Page 17
Chapter 15: Peers, Media, and Schooling
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131 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Cho is just beginning to learn to read and write. If she uses the computer for word processing,
A) the ability to revise her text's meaning and style will cause her to worry less about making mistakes.
B) she will become easily frustrated because her typing skills are slower than writing with a pencil.
C) she will not learn to spell correctly, as she will rely on the computer to correct her mistakes.
D) her attention will be sustained longer, but the quality of her work will be poor.
Q2) Research shows that adolescents feel greatest pressure to conform to A) engaging in antisocial acts.
B) having sex.
C) participating in social activities.
D) using alcohol or drugs.
Q3) Describe the differences between cliques and crowds, and how they develop.
Q4) Define educational self-fulfilling prophecies, and discuss how teacher bias affects students.
Q5) Describe the relationship between television violence and aggression.
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