Child Development and the Arts
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Course Introduction
This course explores the dynamic relationship between child development and the arts, examining how creative activities such as music, visual arts, dance, and drama support cognitive, emotional, and social growth in children. Through a combination of theory and practical strategies, students will analyze developmental stages from infancy to adolescence and investigate how artistic experiences contribute to language acquisition, problem-solving abilities, self-expression, and cultural understanding. The course emphasizes the value of integrating the arts into early childhood and primary education, highlighting best practices for fostering creativity in diverse educational settings.
Recommended Textbook
Art and Creative Development for Young Children 8th Edition by J. Englebright Fox
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Chapter 1: Understanding Creativity
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of Gardner's multiple intelligences is most closely related to young children's engagement in art?
A) logical-mathematical
B) musical-rhythmic
C) visual-spatial
D) intrapersonal
Answer: C
Q2) Convergent thinking in a school setting includes all of the following except:
A) bodies of knowledge that we want all children to possess.
B) brainstorming for possible solutions to a problem.
C) coming up with the one right answer.
D) complying, not challenging authority or questioning, and doing what is generally expected.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following are considered open-ended materials?
A) unit blocks
B) baby dolls
C) balance scales
D) puzzles
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Creative Thinking
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Sample Questions
Q1) Space is needed to facilitate creative thinking in an early childhood classroom so that:
A) children have room to lay out materials.
B) children have places in the classroom to work alone to complete their plans and projects.
C) children have places in the classroom to work with a partner or a small group to complete their plans and projects.
D) all of the above
Answer: D
Q2) Modeling creative thinking for young children includes:
A) taking them through a sequence of questions designed to stimulate creativity.
B) creating problems so you can show the children your creative solutions.
C) sharing your frustrations and setbacks as well as your creative solutions to problems.
D) integrating creative problem-solving activities throughout the curriculum.
Answer: C
Q3) Explain what the term "whole learning" means in an early childhood classroom.
Answer: The response should mention that curriculum should balance learning goals and activities between the two hemispheres of the brain.
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4
Chapter 3: Creative Experiences
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ability to think critically about visual images is likely to become more and more important in this digital era.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) In teacher-guided creative movement activities:
A) the teacher specifically directs the children as to which movements they are to do.
B) the children move in ways that are individually meaningful.
C) the teacher provides prompts to stimulate the children's responses.
D) the teacher models movements the children are to follow.
Answer: C
Q3) Children who engage in dramatic play have attained representational ability.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) Play is linked to nonplay in children's thinking and development.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Art and the Developing Child
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not an appropriate guideline to use when tailoring art activities for differently abled children with special cognitive or communication needs?
A) Break multistep activities into small steps.
B) Build various levels of difficulty into activities.
C) Provide written, step-by-step directions for each activity.
D) Encourage children to talk about their art or to dictate words or sentences to share to accompany what they have created.
Q2) Scaffolding is a teaching strategy in which:
A) the teacher pairs two children at the same level of mastery.
B) the child works with concrete materials to develop mastery of a particular task.
C) the teacher helps the child to the next step of mastery by making suggestions, encouraging observation, asking questions, etc.
D) the teacher uses cooperative grouping to meet the needs of children's varied developmental levels.
Q3) Both Piaget and Vygotsky believed in the importance of play.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Childrens Artistic Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) Piaget believed that artistic development was retrogressive because:
A) children's drawings develop as they gain experience and knowledge.
B) children's willingness to use new tools and methods decreases over time.
C) children get less creative as they grow older.
D) cognitive development is progressive.
Q2) Explain the significance of the "tadpole man" in children's drawings.
Q3) An emotional explanation for the development of child art holds that children use art as an outlet for both positive and negative emotions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) According to Gardner (1980), the creativity of preschoolers:
A) is limited to art, music, drama, and language.
B) is expressed through physical gestures and language.
C) has much in common with that of talented adults using ideas in fresh, unusual ways. D) peaks at age four.
Q5) Place these stages of children's drawings in the appropriate developmental sequence as proposed by Kellogg (1969): combines, scribbles, pictorial stage, diagrams, aggregates.
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Chapter 6: The Elements of Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Balance can be achieved with the use of color, shape, or size.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which group of colors is used to produce all other colors?
A) complementary colors
B) neutral colors
C) primary colors
D) intermediate colors
Q3) pyramid
A) circle
B) square
C) triangle
Q4) Negative space is the space between or around subject matter.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which of the following are accepted as artistic elements?
A) line, rhythm, tempo, and composition
B) line, space, pattern, and composition
C) line, rhythm, emotional response, and theme
D) line, space, pattern, and flow
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Chapter 7: Aesthetics
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Sample Questions
Q1) The textbook recommends that young children's first experiences with watercolor painting be:
A) making realistic art.
B) tactile experiences.
C) limited to the use of only one or two colors of paint.
D) using watercolors to make lines, colors, shapes, and abstract designs.
Q2) Which of the following is not an example of an aesthetic experience?
A) sitting in wet sand and splashing in the waves on the shore
B) noticing the wood grains in a row of blocks
C) arranging the furniture to make the best use of space in a room
D) watching the colors of the flames in a campfire
Q3) In a Reggio Emilia school, an atelierista is:
A) an art teacher.
B) the director.
C) a parent volunteer.
D) an artist-in-residence.
Q4) Picture book illustrations can be considered works of art.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Describe the most effective way a teacher can demonstrate his/her inner beauty.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Sensory Experiences
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following senses best matches the descriptor of taste?
A) olfactory
B) gustatory
C) kinesthetic
D) chromatic
Q2) Watching TV is an example of a multisensory activity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Brain research recognizes the importance of sensory stimulation as children become attached to their primary caregivers. Lack of such attachment can seriously delay a child's:
A) speech and language development.
B) creative development.
C) development of drawing skills.
D) ability to self-assess.
Q4) List the five senses Montessori (1967) added to the basic list of senses.
Q5) List the five senses.
Q6) Quiet time is appropriate to use with children after a noisy, lively activity.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: The Complete Early Childhood Art Program
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Sample Questions
Q1) kinetic art
A)Children paint a person or animal on a smooth stone.
B)Encourage children to draw toys just as they are.
C)Children use straws to blow globs of paint around on paper.
D)Children make a mobile.
E)Children use markers to make a picture of different-colored dots.
F)Children make an outdoor painting by dabbing pain with an index finger
Q2) Which of the following artists is part of the Surrealist style?
A) Henri Matisse
B) Frida Kahlo
C) Vincent Van Gogh
D) Berthe Morrisot
Q3) Field trips contribute to the early childhood art program by extending children's personal ranges of experience to a wider community.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cave people were not concerned with proportion in their drawings.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Child-Centered Art Versus Teacher-Directed Projects
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a teacher-guided approach, the teacher:
A) gives explicit instructions for the completion of the art project.
B) offers subtle structure with much child direction and input.
C) models the completion of the art project.
D) allows the child to pursue the project independently after looking at a competent model of the product.
Q2) Children need to have novel art projects or varied art materials each day.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In a teacher-directed art project, the teacher:
A) gives specific directions for the completion of the project.
B) models the project for the children, but does not give verbal directions.
C) accepts the children's input and decisions throughout the project.
D) encourages the children to make their own decisions during the project.
Q4) Decorating cookies with colored frosting and sparkles is an appropriate art activity for young children.
A)True
B)False
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Q5) List the five basic elements of shape on which Brookes bases art instruction for young children.
Chapter 11: Planning, Implementing, and Evaluating Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following helps us to monitor our effectiveness as teachers?
A) teacher values and beliefs
B) evaluating children's learning
C) using the holistic model of child development as we plan curriculum
D) considering concerns about classroom management during the planning process
Q2) Which of the following is not part of curriculum development?
A) planning what to teach and how to teach it
B) library or Internet research
C) stocking learning centers with relevant equipment and materials
D) identifying teacher resources on the topic
Q3) Emergent curriculum is a new approach to curriculum development
A)True
B)False
Q4) When teaching art, direct instruction should be:
A) the primary means of instruction.
B) avoided at all costs.
C) about 50% of all art activities.
D) used sparingly.
Q5) Give the name for each third in the 1/3, 1/3, 1/3 Rule.
Q6) List five strategies for including art in the early childhood curriculum
Page 13
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Chapter 12: The Art Center 1
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Q1) Adults should always dispose of children's artwork secretly, so that children will not be hurt or disappointed that their art is not appreciated.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Geoboards are ideal for incorporating art with:
A) mathematics.
B) science.
C) language arts.
D) social studies.
Q3) There is a natural curriculum connection between art and mathematics for all of the reasons below except:
A) the two curriculum areas share key vocabulary.
B) children naturally quantify as they create.
C) artists use mathematical formulas in their work.
D) children use shapes and lines in their artwork.
Q4) Art appreciation does not provide authentic opportunities for connections across the early childhood curriculum.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: The Art Center 2
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the rationale for including the rule stated below in the early childhood art center? Complete your art activity.
A) Children need to learn to follow through on their ideas.
B) Quality, rather than sheer quantity, is the goal of the art center.
C) Children need opportunities to develop sustained attention.
D) Materials should not be wasted on uncompleted projects.
Q2) Social interaction is a key consideration in planning the classroom art center. A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain why it is important to periodically evaluate the art center in your classroom.
Q4) Which of the following questions would not be appropriate in evaluating an early childhood art center or program?
A) Do you provide art experiences outdoors on a regular basis?
B) Do the children produce realistic, nonobjective, and abstract artworks?
C) Do you encourage children by commenting on the artistic elements found in their art?
D) Do you follow the three Rs?
Q5) List the five criteria for an early childhood art center.
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Chapter 14: Art Experiences Through Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a role for teachers to play in young children's use of computers?
A) an expert on the classroom computer and software in the classroom
B) an expert problem solver for the children
C) an expert on the children's previous experiences with computers
D) a monitor and facilitator of children's computer use
Q2) Which of the following would be an appropriate use of technology for an 18-month-old child?
A) watching a Baby Einstein video
B) Skyping with a traveling parent
C) listening to an audiobook
D) playing Angry Birds
Q3) Children's access to computers in the classroom should be closely supervised by adults.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In a___________ program, the cursor can be inserted into text for editing or making corrections.
Q5) Too much free exploration of software on the computer can result in children's
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Chapter 15: Roles, Responses, and Strategies to Support
Childrens Art
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is important for early childhood teachers to excel in at least one of the arts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Opportunities for rich dialogue with a child about his/her artwork are created most effectively when teachers use:
A) the complimentary approach.
B) the questioning approach.
C) art dialogue.
D) the probing approach.
Q3) Because of variation among typically developing children, the most logical classroom structure is:
A) grouping according to chronological age.
B) multi-age grouping in a single class.
C) vertical grouping in a single class.
D) age-span grouping in a single class.
Q4) As a teacher, it is appropriate to confess doubts about your own abilities as an artist to your students.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: Art Assessment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Checklists require teachers to make judgments about the behaviors they are seeing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Time sampling:
A) provides a way of measuring the frequency of a behavior within a given period.
B) specifies a behavior and then notes when it happens.
C) gives an ongoing account of a child's behavior over a period of time.
D) is a shortened and more focused version of a diary.
Q3) The way a child uses color, shape, size, and placement to portray himself in his artwork provides a valuable clue about how he feels about himself.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following are required for observation?
A) time, patience, focus, and objectivity
B) time, opportunity, attention, and perseverance
C) time, patience, opportunity, and goals
D) opportunity, objectivity, attention and patience
Q5) List four of the five reasons for studying an individual child.
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