Child and Adolescent Psychopathology
Review Questions
Course Introduction
Child and Adolescent Psychopathology explores the development, classification, and treatment of psychological disorders in children and adolescents. The course examines the biological, psychological, and social factors that contribute to the onset and progression of psychopathological conditions such as anxiety disorders, mood disorders, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder, conduct disorders, and eating disorders. Students learn about current diagnostic criteria, assessment strategies, and evidence-based interventions, gaining insight into the challenges of differential diagnosis and the impact of familial, cultural, and environmental influences on mental health development in youth.
Recommended Textbook
Introduction to Abnormal Child and Adolescent Psychology 3rd Edition by Robert Weis
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Chapter 1: The Science and Practice of Abnormal Child Psychology
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is believed to be true of levels of analysis according to probabilistic epigenesis?
A) Genetics can influence biology and psychology, but biology and psychology cannot influence genetics.
B) Biology and psychology can influence genetics, but genetics cannot influence biology and psychology.
C) Genetics can influence biology and psychology and biology and psychology can influence genetics.
D) Genetics can influence biology but not psychology.
Answer: C
Q2) Equifinality implies that if we know the disorder the child has,______.
A) we can infer the cause
B) we can infer the prior diagnosis
C) we can infer the duration of disturbance
D) we cannot infer the causes because different people can arrive at the same diagnosis by different routes
Answer: D
Q3) Define the concept of "resilience."
Answer: Avoiding negative outcomes even in the presence of risk factors
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Chapter 2: The Causes of Childhood Disorders: A Levels of Analysis Approach
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Q1) What is the difference between brain development being experience-expectant versus being experience-dependent?
A) Experience-expectant refers mostly to infancy and early life while experience-dependent refers mostly to late life.
B) Experience-dependent refers mostly to infancy and early life while experience-expectant refers mostly to late life
C) Experience-expectant refers to sensory experiences whereas experience-dependent refers to motor experiences
D) Experience-dependent refers to sensory experiences whereas experience-expectant refers to motor experiences
Answer: A
Q2) If you patted the top of a brain,which lobe would you touch?
A) parietal
B) temporal
C) frontal
D) occipital
Answer: A
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4
Chapter 3: Assessment and Diagnosis
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are hypotheses relevant in the process of psychological assessment?
Answer: Psychological assessment can be thought of as a process whereby a practitioner generates hypotheses and systematically gathers evidence to support or refute these hypotheses to ultimately come to a valid diagnosis.
Q2) Which is true of behavioral observation?
A) It is not necessary if there are parental reports of the child's behavior.
B) It can be fully assessed by informally observing the child's behavior in the clinic.
C) The clinician can observe analog tasks to mimic the situations in which children engage in daily life.
D) Naturalistic observations are most commonly used by clinicians who work in hospitals.
Answer: C
Q3) To correct a criticism of DSM-IV,in DSM-5,disorders are no longer conceptualized as existing within the person,but instead between systems of people in transaction with one another.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 4: Treating Children, Adolescents, and Families
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following therapies is mismatched with its goal?
A) cognitive therapy; to help clients recognize the connection between thoughts, feelings, and actions
B) behavioral therapy; to alter environmental contingencies to increase adaptive action patterns
C) interpersonal therapy; to foster the individual's desire for social interaction through increasing self-esteem
D) psychodynamic therapy; to provide insight into unconscious mental conflict
Q2) Tricyclic antidepressants,particularly atypical ones,have been shown to be effective and safe in youth.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The four main ways relationships can be disrupted,according to interpersonal therapy,include all of the following EXCEPT ______.
A) death
B) interpersonal transition
C) interpersonal deficits
D) interpersonal intentions
Q4) What is the dodo verdict?
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Chapter 5: Intellectual Disability and Developmental
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sattler (2014)identified two broad ways for parents to enrich their children's home environment to help them achieve their intellectual potentials.Which of the following best describes their findings?
A) Provide ample verbal stimulation and interact with children through talking, playing, and reading.
B) Provide ample verbal stimulation and encourage academic achievement and curiosity.
C) Provide significant mathematical concept training and rigorous use of flashcards, even at an early age.
D) Provide ample verbal stimulation and discourage creative play and arts and crafts in favor of academically oriented tasks.
Q2) Which of the following is the most common cause of severe intellectual disability (ID)in girls?
A) Angelman syndrome
B) Rett syndrome
C) fetal alcohol syndrome
D) Down syndrome
Q3) Provide an example of universal design in the classroom.
Q4) In what ways can challenging behavior adversely affect children?
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Chapter 6: Autism Spectrum Disorder
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Sample Questions
Q1) Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI)has revealed which of the following?
A) The brains of those with ASD tend to show much stronger connections between movement and sensation areas compared to the brains of typically developing individuals.
B) The brains of those with ASD tend to show much weaker connections between movement and sensation areas compared to the brains of typically developing individuals.
C) Siblings of those with ASD who went on to develop ASD did not show abnormalities in brain connectivity until after their ASD symptoms manifested.
D) Siblings of those with ASD who went on to develop ASD showed abnormalities in brain connectivity 6 months before their ASD symptoms manifested.
Q2) About half of individuals with ASD are nonverbal.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the importance of the finding that children with ASD spend more time looking at caregivers' mouths than their eyes?
Q4) What are some possible reasons that fewer children with ASD now qualify for intellectual disability than did so in the past?
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Chapter 7: Communication and Learning Disorders
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Sample Questions
Q1) Most children with speech sound disorder have phonological processing problems.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Devina is getting tested for language disorder.The clinician asks her to repeat back the following words,nonderstonker, tumtasnium,and billybumpkins.What is the clinician likely assessing?
A) auditory perception problems
B) problems with phonological short-term memory
C) deficits in rapid temporal processing
D) deficits in grammar
Q3) Boys are more likely than girls to be classified with a learning disability and receive special education services,but,community-based studies that involve screening all children for learning disabilities show few gender differences.Discuss at least one reason why this might be.
Q4) Describe how problems in auditory perception may result in language problems.
Q5) Marlene says,"I see two bike." This is an example of an error in ______.
A) phonology
B) morphology
C) semantics
D) pragmatics
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Attention-Deficithyperactivity Disorder
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Q1) Which of the following was NOT a main finding of a study discussed in the text that examined the relationship between exercise and attention (Pontifex et al.,2012)?
A) Children who reported more exercise had greater attentional abilities.
B) Children showed faster reaction times and better response accuracy on a computerized attention test after exercising than after sitting.
C) Children's reading and math scores were higher after exercising than after sitting.
D) EEG showed greater allocation of resources to brain regions responsible for attention and concentration after exercising than after sitting.
Q2) The most commonly prescribed medications for ADHD fall into which two broad classes?
A) psychostimulants and antidepressants
B) psychostimulants and amphetamine
C) psychostimulants and methylphenidate
D) amphetamine and methylphenidate
Q3) Describe the evidence that sluggish cognitive tempo is a distinct disorder from ADHD.
Q4) What is the evidence that the dopamine system is involved in ADHD?
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Chapter 9: Conduct Problems in Children and Adolescents
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Q1) What finding related to the development of conduct problems provides support for the diathesis-stress model?
Q2) Which were the two dimensions along which Frick and colleagues were able to classify conduct problems?
A) overtness and destructiveness
B) overtness and confrontation
C) destructiveness and duration
D) destructiveness and rule-breaking
Q3) What is skillstreaming?
A) a structured, psychoeducational activity in which a skill is introduced by a facilitator and defined by the group
B) practicing a new social skill in a variety of contexts
C) practicing a new social skill repeatedly in a single context until it is mastered
D) an activity in which the skills needed to accomplish a task are written down and voted on by a group
Q4) How does conduct disorder relate to psychopathy?
Q5) How might academic underachievement perpetuate conduct problems?
Q6) Provide an example of environmental structuring.
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Chapter 10: Substance Use Disorders in Adolescents
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Q1) Which of the following has NOT been posited as a hypothesis for the high comorbidity between ADHD and substance use disorder?
A) ADHD and substance use disorder share a common genetic or biological cause.
B) ADHD and substance use disorder are both correlated with disruptive behavior problems.
C) Symptoms of ADHD increase the probability of substance use disorder.
D) Substance use disorder increases the probability of ADHD.
Q2) Relapse is ______.
A) relatively rare when youths have engaged in motivational enhancement therapy
B) relatively rare when youths have engaged in family therapy
C) relatively rare when youths have engaged in cognitive behavioral therapy
D) common, irrespective of the type of treatment
Q3) Several studies have found a relationship between adolescent cannabis use and psychotic symptoms.What evidence is there that adolescents beginning to develop psychosis weren't self-medicating with cannabis-that is,that the psychosis didn't cause cannabis use?
Q4) The highest rate of problematic substance use occurs between 18 and 22 years of age.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Anxiety Disorders and Obsessivecompulsive Disorder
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Q1) The evidence supports which of the following regarding the genetic component of specific phobia?
A) There is a prominent genetic component for specific phobia.
B) Animal phobia appears to be propagated via epigenetic effects.
C) Blood-injection-injury phobias tend to have a relatively greater genetic component than other phobias.
D) A specific genetic marker that increases predisposition to specific phobia has been located on the 7th chromosome.
Q2) What is interoceptive exposure? In what ways is it helpful to those with panic disorder?
Q3) Which of the following is a behavioral symptom of fear or anxiety?
A) avoidance
B) negative self-statements
C) increased heart rate
D) minimizing the ability to cope
Q4) Onset of social anxiety disorder is typically between 7 and 9 years of age.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In what ways can anxiety be positive,helpful,or adaptive?
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Chapter 12: Trauma-Related Disorders and Child
Maltreatment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Therapists recommend safety plans be written with and confirmed by parents in all cases.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Supportive therapy is designed to cope with feelings and memories associated with abuse and improve self-worth and relationships.Which of the following components is NOT a main focus of treatment?
A) attachment to caregivers
B) behavioral regulation
C) self-perceptions
D) perceptions of the world and others
Q3) Molly,a 12-year-old girl of Irish descent living in Ohio,learned that a group of girls from Somalia had been kidnapped by the extremist group Boko Haram.She later watched multiple news stories about this and read about what had happened to some of the girls who had escaped and told their stories.Can this be considered a traumatic event for Molly?
A) Yes.
B) No, because the individuals are in another country.
C) No, because she did not know the individuals involved personally.
Page 14
D) No, because she did not personally witness the kidnapping.
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Chapter 13: Depressive Disorders and Suicide
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Q1) Which of the following disorders has the shortest minimum duration for diagnosis?
A) major depressive disorder
B) disruptive mood dysregulation disorder
C) persistent depressive disorder in adults
D) persistent depressive disorder in children
Q2) Which of the following best describes the effectiveness of CBT combined with medication to treat depression?
A) Statistically, the combination of CBT and medication is no more effective than CBT alone.
B) Statistically, the combination of CBT and medication is more effective than medication alone.
C) Medication was no more effective than placebo.
D) Any group that had medication as part or all of their treatment outperformed placebo groups.
Q3) The time of greatest risk for a suicide attempt is the first year after hospitalization for a prior suicide attempt.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Pediatric Bipolar Disorders and Schizophrenia
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a side effect of antipsychotics?
A) akathisia
B) tardive dyskinesia
C) alogia
D) sedation
Q2) Children and adolescents with bipolar disorder with mixed features tend to have worse outcomes than those with bipolar disorder without the specifier.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Because conventional antipsychotics bind to D2 receptors in the mesolimbic pathway,they are most effective at ______.
A) increasing motivation
B) restoring appropriate emotional expression
C) reducing hallucinations
D) eliminating all symptoms of schizophrenia
Q4) How might youths with bipolar disorders actually increase the number of stressful life events and scarcity of positive life evens they experience?
Q5) Explain the neurodevelopmental model for schizophrenia.
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Chapter 15: Feeding and Eating Disorders
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Q1) If a person binges,he or she cannot be diagnosed with anorexia nervosa.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How is peer pressure used constructively in group therapy for anorexia nervosa?
Q3) Which of the following characteristics is typically NOT used to describe those with anorexia nervosa?
A) perfectionistic
B) excessively compliant
C) rigid
D) impulsive
Q4) Dino works at an apple orchard,and every year they sponsor an apple-eating contest to see who can eat the most apples in 15 minutes.Dino won last year by eating 18 apples in 15 minutes.Would this be considered a binge?
A) Yes. Most people could not eat 18 apples in 15 minutes.
B) No, because it was apples instead of a high-calorie food.
C) No, because Dino did not feel a lack of control.
D) No, because it only happened one time.
Q5) It what ways might bingeing be reinforced?
Q6) Describe how role disputes could contribute to the emergence of bulimia nervosa.
Q7) Describe the relationship between social anxiety and eating disorders.
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Chapter 16: Health-Related Disorders and Pediatric Psychology
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT a primary way in which group therapy can be helpful for children with chronic illness?
A) It can provide a guide to a cure for other individuals who have also been cured of their chronic illness.
B) It can reduce feelings of isolation.
C) It can provide social skills and problem-solving training.
D) It allows children to receive feedback on their behavior from their peers.
Q2) According to the text,the most common chronic illness affecting youths is which of the following?
A) alcoholism
B) allergies
C) asthma
D) diabetes
Q3) If you knew someone had bladder instability,which of the following conditions would you expect the person would likely have?
A) monosymptomatic primary enuresis
B) late-onset enuresis
C) polysymptomatic nocturnal enuresis
D) secondary enuresis
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