Child and Adolescent Development Test Preparation
Course Introduction
This course explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of children and adolescents from conception through late adolescence. Students will examine major theories of development, milestones across developmental stages, and the influence of family, culture, and environment on growth. The course also discusses issues such as identity formation, peer relationships, and challenges faced during childhood and adolescence, providing practical insights for those pursuing careers in education, psychology, or related fields.
Recommended Textbook
Child Development 1st canadian Edition by John W Santrock
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16 Chapters
1605 Verified Questions
1605 Flashcards
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2
Chapter 1: Introduction
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146 Verified Questions
146 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ____________________ theory emphasizes environmental factors.
A)ecological
B)ethological
C)biological
D)critical-period
Answer: A
Q2) Two-year-old Benjamin asserts his independence and realizes his will.He tests his parents' boundaries.Based on Erikson's psychosocial theory,if he is restrained or punished too harshly,he is likely to develop
A)guilt.
B)despair.
C)identity confusion.
D)shame and doubt.
Answer: D
Q3) Erikson is noted for his theory of ________ stages.
A)psychosexual
B)psychosocial
C)psychogenic
D)psychopathological
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Biological Beginnings
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107 Verified Questions
107 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Golombok et al.(2001)investigated the socioemotional development of children in three types of families: families created by in vitro fertilization,adopted families,and naturally conceived families.What were the findings of their study?
A)The adoptive families experienced superior bonding and attachment in comparison to the control group families.
B)The families created by reproductive technologies experienced inferior bonding and attachment in comparison to the control group families.
C)The families created by natural conception were more cohesive.
D)There were no differences between the three types of families on any of the measures of children's socioemotional development.
Answer: D
Q2) There is only one case in which a recessive gene exerts its influence.This is when
A)two genes of a pair are both recessive.
B)one gene is recessive and one is dominant.
C)two genes of a pair are both dominant.
D)None of these.
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Prenatal Development and Birth
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123 Verified Questions
123 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Marla's husband is concerned about the emotional fluctuations that are common for mothers in the postpartum period.He understands that they may be caused by all of the following,except
A)hormonal changes.
B)fatigue.
C)inexperience with caring for a newborn.
D)good eating and exercise habits.
Answer: D
Q2) Critics of the epidural block during childbirth argue that the woman's labour tends to be
A)at increased risk for caesarian delivery.
B)lengthened.
C)accompanied by fever.
D)lengthened and accompanied by fever.
Answer: D
Q3) List the three periods of prenatal development.
Answer: germinal,embryonic,and fetal
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Chapter 4: Physical Development and Health
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97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Who is closest to half of her adult height?
A)Kara, who is five years old
B)Heather, who is seven years old
C)Victoria, who is four years old
D)Sarah, who is two years old
Q2) Which of the following is important in controlling growth and regulating other glands?
A)hypothalamus
B)pituitary gland
C)gonads
D)None of these.
Q3) What is the average length of a North American newborn?
A)30.8 cm
B)40.8 cm
C)50.8 cm
D)60.8 cm
Q4) Name the activities that help shape the infant brain's neural connections.
Q5) Define Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
Q6) There are cultural variations in infant sleeping patterns.Give several examples.
Q7) Compare the time spent in REM sleep of an adult to an infant.
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Chapter 5: Motor, Sensory, and Perceptual Development
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86 Verified Questions
86 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What question were Gibson and Walk investigating by constructing a miniature cliff with a dropoff covered by glass in their laboratory? (They placed infants on the edge of this visual cliff and their mothers coaxed them to crawl onto the glass.)
A)How fast can a young child crawl?
B)Can a young child be separated from his mother without concern?
C)How early in life does depth perception develop?
D)Does a child become upset when being tested when the mother does not physically hold the child?
Q2) Describe and give two examples of the perceptual-motor coupling of an infant.
Q3) What reflexes disappear around 3 months of age and are replaced by the infant's voluntary eating?
A)sucking and tonic neck
B)sucking and rooting
C)Moro and rooting
D)tonic neck and rooting
Q4) Describe and give three examples each of how,in infants' motor behaviour,action can guide perception,and perception can guide action.
Q5) Name and define four reflexes that are present at birth.
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Chapter 6: Cognitive Developmental Approaches
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) When an infant understands that objects and events continue to exist even when they cannot be seen,heard,or touched,the infant has achieved
A)equilibration.
B)deferred imitation.
C)circular reactions.
D)object permanence.
Q2) __________________________ is a method used by researchers in which infants see an event happen as it normally would.Then the event is changed in a way that violates what the infant expects to see.When infants look longer at the event that violates their expectations it indicates they are surprised by it.
A)Violation of expectations
B)Violation of organization
C)Removal of consequences
D)Removal of internalization
Q3) How is object permanence studied?
A)by looking for symbolic activity
B)by watching infants' reactions when an attractive object disappears
C)by watching to see if infants become bored
D)All of these.
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Chapter 7: Information Processing
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99 Verified Questions
99 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Name and explain three types of memory.
Q2) What basic process is both selective and shifting?
A)Attention
B)Automaticity
C)Habituation
D)Dishabituation
Q3) Robert Siegler is associated with _____ used in problem-solving research that explored how children use rules to solve problems.
A)the Tower of Hanoi
B)habituation paradigms
C)balance scale problems
D)metamemory tasks
Q4) What approach to thinking analyzes how children manipulate information,monitor it,and create strategies for handling it?
A)Social learning
B)Cognitive monitoring
C)Cognitive developmental
D)Information-processing
Q5) Explain the basic concepts of the information-processing approach.
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Chapter 8: Intelligence
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87 Verified Questions
87 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Though economical and convenient,group tests have the following disadvantage:
A)The examiner cannot establish rapport.
B)The examiner cannot determine the level of anxiety.
C)Both of these are disadvantages.
D)Neither of these is a disadvantage.
Q2) The Abecedarian Project at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill is an example of early:
A)intervention for gifted children.
B)home intervention for prenatal babies.
C)intervention that produces an improvement in children's IQ if they are intellectually stimulated.
D)intervention for wealthy children.
Q3) Who originally devised the concept of intelligence quotient?
A)Alfred Binet
B)Sir Francis Galton
C)David Wechsler
D)William Stern
Q4) Gardner and Sternberg are among the contemporary theorists related to intelligence.Compare and contrast their views about intelligence.
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Chapter 9: Language Development
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102 Verified Questions
102 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) There are essentially two basic and separate issues involved in exploring connections between language and cognition.Which of the following are the correct issues?
A)Is cognition necessary for language and is language necessary to cognition?
B)Is language development necessary for the first year of life and is a language delay a problem?
C)Is Roger Brown connected to Vygotsky in theory and is Vygotsky connected to Piaget in theory?
D)Both the question is language development necessary for the first year of life and is a language delay a problem, and the question of whether Brown is connected to Vygotsky in theory and is Vygotsky connected to Piaget in theory.
Q2) _____ is the use of irony,derision,or wit to expose folly or wickedness.
A)Similarity
B)Satire
C)Metaphor
D)Vocabulary
Q3) Compare and contrast phonology and morphology.
Q4) Identify two basic issues that characterize connections between language and cognition and provide one example of each.
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Chapter 10: Emotional Development
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97 Verified Questions
97 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Five-month-old Frankie smiles whenever he hears his father singing.His behaviour provides an example of _____ smiling.
A)reflexive
B)social
C)basic
D)internal-based
Q2) A method of helping a child cope with extreme stress includes:
A)reassurance.
B)helping them forget the event.
C)teaching denial.
D)none of these.
Q3) Compare and contrast the emotion-coaching and emotion-dismissing approaches.
Q4) In research on Chinese and Canadian children,it was found that children's temperaments vary depending on their culture.Which of the following statements is false about this research?
A)Behavioural inhibition is more highly valued in China than North America.
B)Chinese children are more inhibited than Canadian children.
C)Canadian mothers were very accepting of their children's inhibitions.
D)Chinese mothers were more accepting of their children's inhibitions.
Q5) Describe the term "goodness of fit."
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Self and Identity
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83 Verified Questions
83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In early childhood,children usually conceive of the self in ________ terms.
A)physical
B)psychological
C)passive
D)active
Q2) Individuality,according to Catherine Cooper,consists of which two dimensions?
A)self-assertion and separateness
B)separateness and mutuality
C)mutuality and permeability
D)self-assertion and development
Q3) When 17-year-old Joey is asked what he wants to do after graduating from high school,what reply would indicate that he has adopted identity diffusion?
A)"I haven't really thought about a career that much."
B)"An engineer, since I'm good at math."
C)"A doctor, just like my mother."
D)"I have several options that I am currently exploring."
Q4) Describe and give one example of social cognition.
Q5) Compare and contrast self-esteem and self-concept.
Q6) List the five forms of self-image with which an adolescent will relate.
Q7) Identify the five main characteristics of self-understanding in young children.
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Chapter 12: Gender
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83 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The identification of the existence of human sex chromosomes,which are called X and Y chromosomes,occurred in the A)1920s. B)1940s.
C)1970s. D)1990s.
Q2) Some girls have a condition caused by a genetic defect resulting in an abnormally high level of androgens.The girls vary in how much their genitals look like male or female genitals.This condition is referred to as A)congenital adrenal hyperplasia. B)CAH.
C)Both answers are correct.
D)None of the answers are correct.
Q3) If parents adopt the parenting role that William Pollack calls the "boy code," what behaviours would you expect to see in their sons?
Q4) Compare and contrast the differences between gender identity,roles,and typing.
Q5) There are many physical similarities and differences between males and females.List a few of these similarities and differences.
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Chapter 13: Moral Development
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109 Verified Questions
109 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which was not among Martin Hoffman's arguments for the superiority of induction over other parent-based attempts to enhance moral development in children?
A)Induction does not require the child to think.
B)Induction does not focus on the child's personal shortcomings.
C)Induction demonstrates that the parent possesses some self-control.
D)Induction produces only moderate levels of arousal.
Q2) After reading an article by Piaget,parents would be most likely to attempt to improve their child's level of moral reasoning by
A)presenting the child with hypothetical moral dilemmas.
B)encouraging the child to interact with other kids the parents respect.
C)talking with the child about the difference between right and wrong.
D)doing nothing, since morality cannot be taught.
Q3) Altruism is defined as helping someone
A)whom you do not know.
B)who requested your help.
C)without expecting anything in return.
D)after he or she has first helped you.
Q4) List four of the seven characteristics of parents who raise children that display moral behaviour.
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Chapter 14: Families
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81 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Define reciprocal socialization and provide two examples.
Q2) Researchers have found ____________ differences in children growing up with lesbian mothers or gay fathers and children growing up with heterosexual parents.
A)many
B)extreme
C)few
D)no
Q3) When describing his new neighbours,Stu says their parenting style appears to be "We love you,so go and do whatever you feel like doing." What parenting style is this?
A)indulgent
B)neglectful
C)authoritative
D)authoritarian
Q4) Punishment
A)tells children what not to do rather than what to do.
B)can be abusive.
C)can instill fear, rage, or avoidance.
D)All of these.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Peers
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78 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) A great deal of peer conformity,such as dressing like one's friends and wanting to spend huge chunks of time with members of a clique,is _____ and reflects the desire to be _____.
A)negative; a victim
B)not necessarily negative; loner
C)not necessarily negative; involved in a peer world
D)negative; completely separate from parents
Q2) Bullies are a very troubled group.What might you expect in this group?
A)They display the highest level of conduct problems.
B)They display the highest level of school problems.
C)They display the highest level of relationship problems.
D)All of these.
Q3) At what age does conformity to peers' antisocial behaviours peak?
A)First grade
B)Fourth to fifth grade
C)Sixth to seventh grade
D)Eighth to ninth grade
Q4) Identify the six functions of friendship and give one example of each.
Q5) Compare and contrast friendships between boys and girls.
Q6) Describe the difference between a clique and a crowd.
Page 17
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Chapter 16: Schools and Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The fact that Montel,like many others,has both high personal standards concerning achievement and is highly competitive illustrates the point that achievement
A)is more important in males.
B)is typically affected by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors.
C)is a fairly useless psychological construct.
D)varies dramatically by age.
Q2) More boys than girls are classified as having a learning disability.An explanation could be referral bias.In this case,what is referral bias?
A)Teachers will refer more girls with inappropriate behaviour than boys when it comes to learning disabilities.
B)Teachers will refer more boys with inappropriate behaviour than girls when it comes to learning disabilities.
C)Teachers will refer both boys and girls equally when they have inappropriate behaviour.
D)None of these.
Q3) List the positives identified with student involvement in extracurricular activities.
Q4) Compare and contrast the pros and cons of the "No Child Left Behind" law.
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