Child and Adolescent Development
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Course Introduction
This course explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of children and adolescents from conception through adolescence. Emphasizing key developmental theories and current research, the course examines how genetic, environmental, cultural, and social factors influence growth and learning at various stages. Topics include language acquisition, identity formation, family and peer relationships, moral development, and challenges such as mental health and risk behaviors. Practical applications to education and caregiving are discussed, providing students with insights and strategies for supporting healthy development in diverse contexts.
Recommended Textbook
Human Development A Cultural Approach 1st Edition by Jeffrey J. Arnett
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13 Chapters
4180 Verified Questions
4180 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: A Cultural Approach to Human Development
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330 Verified Questions
330 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best represents the impact of evolution on human development?
A)Biologically,humans have changed drastically since the origin of Homo sapiens.
B)Our development of bipedal locomotion is the most distinctive characteristic of our species.
C)Cultures shape the raw material of biology into widely different paths throughout the life span.
D)Instincts reduce humans' capacity for cultural learning more than they reduce animals' capacity for cultural learning.
Answer: C
Q2) According to Freud,what is the most important stage in his theory?
A)anal
B)phallic
C)latency
D)genital
Answer: B
Q3) Why was bipedal locomotion considered a useful adaptation?
Answer: It may have freed up the hands to do things such as carry things or hold a weapon.These abilities may have helped to ensure survival.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Genetics and Prenatal Development
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334 Verified Questions
334 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What happens that determines the sex of the offspring?
A)The ovum contains the X chromosome and the sperm cells carry either the X or the Y.The sperm cell that is involved in fertilization determines the sex of the offspring.
B)The sperm cells all carry the X chromosome.The ovum contains both the X and Y so it is the ovum that determines the sex of the offspring.
C)The ovum and sperm cells both carry X chromosomes.The placenta carries both the X and Y and it determines the sex of the offspring.
D)The ovum and the sperm cells both contain the X chromosome.During the course of fertilization either an X or a Y will be created,which determines the sex of the offspring.
Answer: A
Q2) All ova,a female reproductive egg,are ____.
A)X chromosome
B)Y chromosome
C)XY chromosome
D)XX chromosome
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Child
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323 Verified Questions
323 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Your friend just gave birth and tells you that the baby's Apgar score was a 10.What can you assume about the baby's condition?
A)The baby is in critical condition because an Apgar score of 10 is extremely low.
B)The baby is doing extremely well because an Apgar score of 10 is the highest.
C)The baby is doing OK because an Apgar score of 10 is in the middle of the range.
D)The baby is doing well because an Apgar score of 10 is just beneath the highest of 15.
Answer: B
Q2) Which of the following are known benefits for the mother who breast-feeds?
A)stress reduction,increased development of a mild personality,and weight reduction
B)the slowing of metabolism,increased patience,and increased bonding
C)reduction in bleeding of the uterus,increased weight loss,and increased release of oxytocin
D)reduction of white blood cells,increased lactation,and weight reduction
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Infancy
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293 Verified Questions
293 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In regards to the development of intermodal perception,which of the following is the most complex task an 8-month-old infant can perform?
A)An infant can walk,run,jump,and kick a soccer ball.
B)An infant recognize objects they have put in their mouths but have not seen before.
C)An infant looks longer at a video of a puppet jumping up and down in time with music than at the same puppet when the jumping does not match the music.
D)An infant can match an unfamiliar person's face with the
Q2) Approximately how many neurons are there in the average infant's brain?
A)100,000 to 200,000
B)100 million to 200 million
C)100 billion to 200 billion
D)100 trillion to 200 trillion
Q3) According to Piaget,what is the driving force behind development from one state to the next?
A)maturation
B)learning
C)environmental factors
D)readiness
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Chapter 5: Toddlerhood
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308 Verified Questions
308 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In this type of attachment,toddlers use the mother as a secure base from which to explore when the mother and toddler are together.When separated from his or her mother,the toddler cries and then is very happy when she returns.
A)secure attachment
B)insecure-avoidant attachment
C)insecure-resistant attachment
D)disorganized-disoriented attachment
Q2) During toddlerhood,as at all ages,____ in language development.
A)comprehension lags behind production
B)production lags behind comprehension
C)comprehension and production are similar
D)comprehension and production improve similarly
Q3) Which of the following are two reasons why mothers have historically been the primary caretakers of infants and toddlers?
A)racism and discrimination
B)biological and cultural bias
C)gender oppression and social laws
D)genetics and family expectations
Q4) Describe the language environment of a country other than the U.S.
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Chapter 6: Early Childhood
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319 Verified Questions
319 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fatigue,irritability,and difficulty sustaining attention are all symptoms of ____.
A)kwashiorkor
B)anemia
C)osteoporosis
D)marasmus
Q2) What type of parent rarely engages in disciplining his or her children and simply believes that all children need is "unconditional" love?
A)authoritative
B)authoritarian
C)permissive
D)disengaged
Q3) In regards to handedness,adopted children show a greater resemblance to ____.
A)their biological parents
B)their adoptive parents
C)their biological siblings
D)their adoptive siblings
Q4) Describe either Locke's or Rousseau's beliefs about the nature of children.How did this belief impact discipline over the following centuries?
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Chapter 7: Middle Childhood
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352 Verified Questions
352 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the main basis of friendship,not just during middle childhood but at all ages?
A)frequency of interaction
B)social economic status
C)proximity
D)similarity
Q2) Ms.Silman proposes that children learn how to read best when they are taught to examine the overall meaning of words,rather than breaking down each word into its smallest component.She encourages her students to guess at the meaning of words they do not know,based on the context of the word within the poem or story.Which of the following does Ms.Silman practice in her classroom?
A)phonics-based reading
B)a whole-language approach to reading
C)sight words-based reading
D)literacy-based rating
Q3) Which of the following are two main reasons why bilingualism has increased?
A)greater migration and the growth of a global economy
B)greater egocentrism and egotism
C)decreased migration and greater homogeneous populations
D)decreased ethnocentrism and capitalism
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Adolescence
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329 Verified Questions
329 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Research on the media use of adolescents
A)has found that only females report that they enjoy the social aspect of gaming.
B)has found that adolescents in industrialized countries use media for about 2 hours every day.
C)has focused primarily on the benefits,such as increasing problem solving ability and strategizing.
D)has shown that the content of electronic games is related to their emotional responses.
Q2) A content analysis of nearly 400 of the most popular electronic games found that ____ contained violence?
A)around 25%
B)50%
C)just below 75%
D)more than 90%
Q3) Compared to their peers in the United States,adolescents in Eastern countries
A)have a shorter school day.
B)have a shorter school year.
C)have to take entrance exams for both high school and college.
D)focus almost exclusively on critical thinking.
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Emerging Adulthood
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333 Verified Questions
333 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) You have not seen your 22-year-old cousin in quite some time.After a brief visit,you are impressed that she is more confident socially,is less dogmatic,and is less ethnocentric in her political and social views than she had been as a teenager.Given what you know about development,you guess that she has ____.
A)matured
B)graduated from college
C)moved away from home
D)found a romantic partner
Q2) What percentage of college students report frequent severe sleep disturbances such as insomnia and insufficient sleep?
A)25%
B)50%
C)75%
D)100%
Q3) Compare and contrast the college experience of the Japanese and those from one other country.
Q4) What are the common themes mentioned by the individuals interviewed in this video regarding their use of media and technology?
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Chapter 10: Young Adulthood
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296 Verified Questions
296 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is why the skin becomes looser and why muscle mass decreases during young adulthood and beyond?
A)there is an increase in white blood cells
B)there is an increase in the production of vitamin D
C)there is a substantial decrease in iron
D)there is a decrease in growth hormones
Q2) According to the narrator of the video,young adulthood is a key period for
A)forming love relationships in many cultures
B)starting a new family business in many cultures
C)ritualistic feasts in many cultures
D)forming strong friendships in many cultures
Q3) Anthropologists have found that in virtually all ____,the transition to adulthood is clearly and explicitly marked by <ITAL>marriage.</ITAL>
A)modern individualistic cultures
B)non-traditional,Western cultures
C)traditional,non-Western cultures
D)historical developed nations
Q4) Who are the Termites? What did researchers learn about them?
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Chapter 11: Middle Adulthood
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338 Verified Questions
338 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One of the most important physical changes of midlife occurs in the reproductive system as fertility declines,a change known as the ____.
A)cacography
B)cochlea
C)climatology
D)climacteric
Q2) According to Sylvia Ann Hewlett (2003),what percentage of high-achieving women in their midlife are unmarried?
A)20%
B)40%
C)60%
D)80%
Q3) Your sister has a high-paying position as an executive in a national company.Her salary is $140,000 plus bonuses.She will be 40 on her next birthday.She has been thinking about having a child.How likely is this to happen?
A)very likely,75% of high-earning businesswomen have children
B)somewhat likely,65% of high-earning businesswomen have children
C)somewhat unlikely,only 50% of high-earning businesswomen have children
D)very unlikely,only 25% of high-earning businesswomen have children
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Late Adulthood
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341 Verified Questions
341 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) ____ facilities have separate apartments for each person,but residents are provided with meals in a common dining area,housekeeping services,transportation for shopping and medical appointments,and social activities and most residents are semi-independent without dementia or serious health problems.
A)Assisted living
B)Nursing home
C)Group home
D)Community home
Q2) Your 83-year-old uncle has always been a very entertaining storyteller.In the past few years he has been having difficulty remembering the names of people who are important for his stories.What difficulty is your uncle experiencing?
A)tip-of-the-tongue phenomenon
B)Stroop phenomenon
C)gotcha memory
D)forgetful memory
Q3) Coping with the loss of a spouse is difficult,but it seems especially hard for men.Explain using two research findings.
Q4) What is one variable that has been found to predict wisdom?
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Death and Afterlife Beliefs
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284 Verified Questions
284 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is one of the major cultural reasons that there are differences in rates of death from heart disease among ethnic groups in the United States?
A)diet
B)exercise
C)sedentary employment
D)lack of health insurance
Q2) Within the United States,rates of death from heart disease are highest among ____ Americans and lowest among ____ Americans
A)Latinos and Asian; White
B)African; Latinos and Asian
C)White; African and Asian
D)African; Asian and White
Q3) What concept explains why some adolescents who have been diagnosed with a terminal illness refuse to believe they really will die soon?
A)fear of dying
B)weak ego development
C)imaginary audience
D)personal fable
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