Child and Adolescent Development Practice Exam
Course Introduction
This course examines the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social development of children and adolescents from infancy through adolescence. Emphasizing major theories, research findings, and practical applications, the course explores developmental milestones, the influence of family, peers, and culture, as well as the challenges and changes experienced during these formative years. Students will develop an understanding of typical and atypical development and learn how this knowledge can be applied in educational and caregiving settings to support the healthy growth of children and adolescents.
Recommended Textbook
HDEV 2nd Canadian Edition by Spencer Rathus
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19 Chapters
3773 Verified Questions
3773 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: History, Theories, and Methods
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Freud believed that insufficient or excessive gratification in a stage of development would lead to developmental problems.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) What was the rationale for the first intelligence test?
A) to identify children at risk of falling behind in school
B) to compare children of different racial and ethnic backgrounds
C) to measure IQ scores to determine genius-level abilities in children
D) to create separate classrooms for high- and low-intelligence children
Answer: A
Q3) John Locke's conception of children (i.e., as a tabula rasa) was as passive recipients of actions from the environment.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Heredity and Prenatal Development
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225 Verified Questions
225 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of disorder is phenylketonuria?
A) an enzyme disorder
B) a disorder transmitted by a dominant gene
C) a disorder that manifests itself in all children of carriers
D) a disorder caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy
Answer: A
Q2) Nearly one-third of all pregnancies result in miscarriage.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) What method of cell reproduction allows for more genetic "variability"?
A) cloning
B) meiosis
C) mitosis
D) cross-fertilization
Answer: B
Q4) Sperm are responsible for determining the gender of the offspring.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Birth and the Newborn Baby: in the New World
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213 Verified Questions
213 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The likelihood of sudden infant death syndrome is associated with the gender and age of the infant and exposure to cigarette smoke prenatally and after birth.What term refers to these influences?
A) risk factors
B) causes
C) associated variables
D) correlations
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is rich in stem cells that can be preserved and potentially used to save the life of the baby or a member of the baby's family?
A) the placenta
B) the newborn's umbilical cord
C) the newborn's lanugo
D) the newborn's vernix
Answer: B
Q3) Maternal depression is rarely experienced by women.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Infancy: Physical Development
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Sample Questions
Q1) How does infants' perception of the human language change during the first year of life?
Q2) Marie-Lynn's finger is hurt.She cries and withdraws her finger, but makes no other move.What is her reaction an example of?
A) general distress syndrome
B) proximodistal development
C) cephalocaudal development
D) differentiation in development
Q3) Studies have shown that rats exposed to more complex environments develop heavier brains than rats NOT exposed to those environments.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is a central feature of failure to thrive syndrome?
A) irritability
B) poor REM sleep
C) feeding problems
D) excessive eye contact with adults
Q5) Briefly describe how the parts of a neuron function.
Q6) In the context of human development, what does the term "differentiation" mean?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Infancy: Cognitive Development
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192 Verified Questions
192 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rovee-Collier and colleagues demonstrated that infants are unable to remember events that occurred to them from day to day.
A)True
B)False
Q2) At what age is an infant's first word typically spoken?
A) usually by 10 months of age
B) usually between 11 and 13 months of age
C) usually after 18 months
D) NOT before 24 months of age
Q3) Which of the following is an example of a specific nominal?
A) boy
B) fire truck
C) brown dog
D) Mr. Rogers
Q4) At what age do most infants begin cooing?
A) at birth
B) at age 1 week
C) at age 2 months
D) at age 4 months
Q5) What is object permanence and what abilities does it represent?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Infancy: Social and Emotional Development
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189 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Kevin has been maltreated by his parents.Which of the following behaviours is Kevin LEAST likely to exhibit?
A) low self-esteem
B) impaired cognitive functioning
C) aggressive actions toward a date or spouse
D) anti-social personality disorder
Q2) Temperament remains moderately stable from infancy to adulthood.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What has research concluded regarding gender differences?
A) There are no differences between boys and girls.
B) Differences in toy preferences exist in early childhood.
C) Boys' and girls' social behaviour differs.
D) Boys and girls show consistent differences in activity and irritability levels.
Q4) Daycare has been shown to be extremely harmful to attachment relationships. A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain how self-concept develops in infants.
Q6) How is the Strange Situation used to assess attachment patterns?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Early Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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217 Verified Questions
217 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fine motor skill development lags behind the development of gross motor skills.What term best describes this relationship?
A) proximodistal development
B) cephalocaudal development
C) differentiation in development
D) reaction range in development
Q2) What is the sleep pattern of most preschoolers?
A) They sleep 16 hours in a 24-hour period.
B) They sleep more than when they were infants.
C) They sleep 8 hours at night and have two naps per day.
D) They sleep 9 to 10 hours at night and have one nap per day.
Q3) What is the effect of using harsh punishment in response to encopresis?
A) It generally makes the problem worse.
B) It appears to work for boys, but NOT for girls.
C) It teaches self-control, which is what the child needs.
D) It will usually stop the encopresis within a few weeks.
Q4) The left hemisphere of the brain processes logical information.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
Q5) How do nightmares differ from sleep terrors?
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Chapter 8: Early Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What life difficulty is the focus of the Canadian government's publication Because Life Goes On?
A) the death of a parent
B) the death of a sibling
C) a parent's chronic illness
D) parental divorce
Q2) What parenting method provides children with knowledge that enables them to generate desirable behaviour patterns?
A) the power method
B) the inductive method
C) the deductive method
D) the love withdrawal method
Q3) What is the impact of the birth of a sibling on the existing children in the family?
A) It usually has little impact on the other children.
B) It has mostly positive impacts on the other children.
C) It has both positive and negative impacts on the other children.
D) There is little impact, unless the family already has more than one sibling.
Q4) How do the social cognitive and evolutionary theories differ in how they explain gender-role development?
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Chapter 9: Middle Childhood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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214 Verified Questions
214 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best represents Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences?
A) Intelligence is gained entirely through experience.
B) People who are intelligent in one area will be intelligent in other areas.
C) People who are intelligent in one area may be less intelligent in other areas.
D) Intelligence can be measured only by traditional IQ tests, such as the Binet-Simon.
Q2) Some causes of intellectual challenge are biological, stemming from chromosomal abnormalities, such as Down syndrome.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following best characterizes giftedness?
A) It is the same as creativity.
B) It is identified using an IQ test.
C) It may include motor or cognitive abilities.
D) It describes a child who is superior in two or more areas of achievement.
Q4) Describe the typical growth patterns in middle childhood.Do gender differences affect growth patterns during this time?
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Chapter 10: Middle Childhood: Social and Emotional Development
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What term refers to the gradual transfer of control from parent to child?
A) co-regulation
B) transference
C) counterdependence
D) familial interdependence
Q2) You ask your 11-year-old niece, "What is a friend?" Which of the following is your niece most likely to say?
A) "Someone who is nice to you."
B) "Someone you can have fun with."
C) "Someone you can do something with."
D) "Someone who has better toys than you do."
Q3) Describe the effects of schools on child development.
Q4) According to Piaget, what stage of cognitive development is associated with middle childhood?
A) the preoperational stage
B) the formal operations stage
C) the concrete operations stage
D) the summative operations stage
Page 12
Q5) Describe the most common social and emotional problems of middle childhood.
Q6) How does self-esteem change during middle childhood?
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Chapter 11: Adolescence: Physical and Cognitive Development
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209 Verified Questions
209 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What eating disorder is characterized by cycles of bingeing and purging?
A) anorexia
B) bulimia
C) nervosa
D) enuresis
Q2) The ovaries, vagina, uterus, and fallopian tubes are primary sex characteristics of females.
A)True
B)False
Q3) As children mature, how do their career aspirations compare with their earlier years?
A) They are more rigid.
B) They are more diverse.
C) They are more realistic.
D) They are more conservative.
Q4) Which of the following are NOT areas in which adolescents must face changes?
A) emotional areas
B) social areas
C) physical areas
D) educational areas
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Adolescence: Social and Emotional Development
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178 Verified Questions
178 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Self-esteem decreases during early adolescence.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Adolescents tend to have more friends than younger children do.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements describes teen abortion rates in Canada?
A) They have remained steady over the past few decades.
B) They have been on a steady decline.
C) They have been slightly rising.
D) They have risen significantly due to easy access.
Q4) Which of the following terms describes persons whose gender identity is neither exclusively female nor exclusively male?
A) questioning
B) transgendered
C) transsexual
D) bisexual
Q5) Erikson's psychosocial conflict during adolescent is intimacy vs.isolation. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Early Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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202 Verified Questions
202 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Few women experience menstrual problems.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The last stage of Super's theory of career development is the realistic choice stage.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How do obese men and women metabolize food compared with those who are NOT obese?
A) Obese men, NOT women, metabolize food more slowly.
B) Obese women, NOT men, metabolize food more slowly.
C) Both men and women metabolize food more slowly.
D) Both men and women metabolize food more quickly.
Q4) Douglas can recite the capitals of all provinces in alphabetical order.What is Douglas's ability an example of?
A) fluid intelligence
B) mental flexibility
C) cognitive development
D) crystallized intelligence
Q5) How do intrinsic and extrinsic motives cause people to work?
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Chapter 14: Early Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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206 Verified Questions
206 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many people remain lonely because of dread of rejection.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A study has shown that marital satisfaction tends to decline during the first year after a baby is born.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Canadian statistics report on the percentage of married people who said their marriages are "very happy." For which gender and time period was marital satisfaction found to be highest?
A) men, from 1973 to 1976
B) men, from 1977 to 1981
C) women, from 1973 to 1976
D) women, from 1977 to 1981
Q4) Having a baby will strengthen a weak marriage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What attracts people to others?
Q6) Why do people get married?
Q7) Is cohabitation a good trial marriage? Why or why not? Page 17
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Page 18
Chapter 15: Middle Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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190 Verified Questions
190 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why might middle-aged adults gain weight when they continue to consume the same number of calories as they did when they were younger?
Q2) As people age, they tend to have less patience with others and a lowered ability to motivate those who work for them.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Maria is fluent in two languages and is learning her third.She is in her mid-forties.Which of the following concepts is Maria illustrating?
A) plasticity
B) multidirectionality
C) interindividual reliability
D) interindividual variability
Q4) Few middle-aged adults experience sexual dysfunctions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Exercise and good diet may stave off erectile dysfunction for some middle-aged men.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 16: Middle Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to Erikson's psychosocial theory of development, what is generativity?
A) the ability to create power
B) the ability to produce something
C) what is needed during early adulthood
D) a negative outcome of middle adulthood
Q2) Which of the following is NOT one of the five basic personality factors identified by Costa and McCrae (2006)?
A) happiness
B) neuroticism
C) extroversion
D) openness to experience
Q3) How does unemployment affect middle-aged adults?
Q4) Which of the following best characterizes most people's experience of the midlife transition?
A) They will have a midlife crisis.
B) They are likely to get divorced or buy a sports car.
C) They may experience positive and negative emotions.
D) They may experience negative emotions and numerous regrets
Page 20
Q5) How does the life-events approach explain middle adulthood?
Q6) What factors are associated with job satisfaction?
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Page 21
Chapter 17: Late Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Development
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) During late adulthood, the frequency of sexual activity tends to decline with age.Which of the following is NOT a reason for this decline?
A) hormonal changes
B) physical problems
C) cultural attitudes
D) living arrangements
Q2) Which of the following best describes the factors that contribute to life expectancy?
A) gender but NOT race
B) race but NOT gender
C) gender and heredity
D) race, gender, geographic location, and health-related behaviour
Q3) Which of the following best characterizes wisdom?
A) It rarely comes with age.
B) It is the same as crystallized intelligence.
C) It may be a result of taking a broader view of situations.
D) It is a result of ignoring past events and focusing only on the future.
Q4) Accidents are the ninth leading cause of death among older Canadians.
A)True
B)False
22
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Chapter 18: Late Adulthood: Social and Emotional Development
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188 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Annabelle, who is 80, spends much of her time at quilting classes, meeting her best friend for lunch, and reading books about ancient Roman history.Which of the following best describes Annabelle?
A) She is depressed.
B) She is aging unsuccessfully.
C) She is maximizing her gains, while minimizing her losses.
D) She is missing out on necessary physical activity.
Q2) Most grandparents in late adulthood and their grandchildren conceptualize their relationships as mutually rewarding.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following statements best describes the experience of depression in older adults?
A) It has few symptoms.
B) It is considered normal.
C) It is indistinguishable from sadness.
D) It is often undiagnosed and untreated.
Q4) What role does religion play in the lives of many older adults?
Q5) Are retirement communities a good alternative to living in one's own home?
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Chapter 19: Life's
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best characterizes those who experience "disenfranchised grief"?
A) They feel grief less than those who experience true grief.
B) They may feel marginalized by others in their grief.
C) Their grief is delayed by six months to one year.
D) They are generally fully supported by society and the family of the deceased.
Q2) Joseph is in what Kübler-Ross (1969) would call the "bargaining" stage.Which of the following did Joseph just say?
A) Life has NO meaning.
B) I plan to die with dignity.
C) This is the doctor's fault for misdiagnosing me.
D) I will help the poor at my church if I can live longer.
Q3) How do bereavement, grief, and mourning differ?
Q4) Liz was in a car accident.She was taken to the hospital, where her cerebral cortex showed a flat EEG line.Which of the following did the doctor declare?
A) Liz had whole-brain death.
B) Liz was in a coma.
C) Liz had brain death.
D) Liz can be resuscitated.
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