Child and Adolescent Development Exam Review
Course Introduction
Child and Adolescent Development explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes that occur from infancy through adolescence. The course examines major developmental theories and research findings, focusing on the influences of family, culture, and environment on growth and behavior. Students will gain an understanding of developmental milestones, challenges faced at different stages, and the factors that contribute to healthy development. The course also addresses typical and atypical development, providing foundational knowledge for those entering fields such as education, psychology, and social work.
Recommended Textbook
Human Development A Life Span View 6th Edition by Robert
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16 Chapters
3093 Verified Questions
3093 Flashcards
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Page 2
V. Kail
Chapter 1: The Study of Human Development
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199 Verified Questions
199 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which type of variable is manipulated by an experimenter?
A) Dependent
B) Independent
C) Confounding
D) Extraneous
Answer: B
Q2) A subset of a population is called a(n) _____.
Answer: sample
Q3) Which method of measuring behavior is most effective at directly studying brain activity?
A) Physiological measures
B) Self-reports
C) Naturalistic observation
D) Sampling behavior with tasks
Answer: A
Q4) Self-efficacy focuses on a person's beliefs about his or her abilities and talents.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Biological Foundations: Heredity, Prenatal
Development, and Birth
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The following quotes summarize key concepts in biology. For each one, describe a real-life example illustrating each of these principles:
-"The behavioral consequences of genetic instructions depend on the environment in which those instructions are implemented." -"Genes can influence the kind of environment to which a person is exposed." -"Environmental influences typically make children within a family different."
Answer: Answer not provided.
Q2) The modern age of viability begins at 16 weeks.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A heritability coefficient is a derivation of a(n)
A) t-test.
B) analysis of variance.
C) correlation.
D) chi-square.
Answer: C
Q4) The first 22 pairs of chromosomes are called _____.
Answer: autosomes
4
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Chapter 3: Tools for Exploring the World: Physical,
Perceptual, and Motor Development
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193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Five-day-old Max has his eyes closed and a breathing pattern that alternates between regularity and irregularity. This indicates that he is currently in the _____ newborn state.
A) alert inactivity
B) waking activity
C) crying
D) sleeping
Answer: D
Q2) If asked to identify a kinetic cue to depth, you should say,
A) "visual expansion."
B) "retinal disparity."
C) "linear perspective."
D) "experience-expectancy."
Answer: A
Q3) The "Back to Sleep" campaign was aimed at reducing A) SIDS.
B) nightmares.
C) co-sleeping.
D) malnutrition.
Answer: A
Page 5
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Chapter 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language:
Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
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197 Verified Questions
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bob is a normally developing 18-month-old. According to Piaget, Bob is most likely in the ____ period of cognitive development.
A) formal operational
B) sensorimotor
C) concrete operational
D) preoperational
Q2) Dr. Eco has a strong belief that global warming is a theoretical myth. In recent years, however, the increased rate of polar ice cap melt has forced him to alter his theory, and he is now a strong advocate against greenhouse pollutants. A Piagetian would most likely describe Dr. Eco's theoretical conversion in terms of
A) the one-to-one principle.
B) overextension.
C) equilibration.
D) abstract thinking.
Q3) When three-month-old Rosita says "ahhhhhhhh," she is A) producing telegraphic speech.
B) cooing.
C) babbling.
D) producing infant-directed speech.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Entering the Social World: Socioemotional
Development in Infancy and Early Childhood
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193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Older children are more likely to engage in cooperative play than younger children.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Bud and Lou are both playing with blocks. Though they are playing, they smile at each other and trade blocks from time to time. It is most likely that Bud and Lou are involved in
A) cooperative play.
B) parallel play.
C) simple social play.
D) prosocial behavior.
Q3) According to Erikson, how would parents establish trust in their six-month-old?
A) Consistently responding to the child's needs
B) Utilize an authoritarian parenting style
C) Encourage the immediate resolution of the Oedipal complex
D) Avoid excessive displays of affection
Q4) Most American children exhibit _____ attachment relationships.
Q5) Constricting play often involves threats.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Off to School: Cognitive and Physical Development in Middle Childhood
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe why the statement, "Children with 'learning disabilities' are identical to those with 'intellectual disability'" is False. In doing so, be sure to provide definitions of both cognitive categories.
Q2) Waldo loves to play hide-and-seek. While he is capable of generating a good list of places to hide and he often comes up with novel hiding spots, the truth of the matter is that none of his spots are ever that good, and he is always found almost immediately. This indicates that on this task, Waldo would rate poorly in ____ ability.
A) analytical
B) creative
C) practical
D) familial
Q3) Donovan is really into football and is able to remember all of the professional teams because he has mentally sorted them by division. This indicates that Donavan is using ____ to help him recall the information.
A) divergent thinking
B) organization
C) abstract thinking
D) rehearsal
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Chapter 7: Expanding Social Horizons: Socioemotional Development in Middle Childhood
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195 Verified Questions
195 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which social condition appears to foster maltreatment of children?
A) Fragile-X syndrome
B) Poverty
C) Alcoholism
D) ADHD
Q2) Divorce is more difficult for adolescent children than for preschool children.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Priscilla is pregnant. She and her husband Elvis have very high expectations for this child and will be more affectionate, but also more punitive, toward this child than they will toward any other. This is most likely this couple's _____ baby.
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
Q4) Compare popular, rejected, controversial, and neglected children. Explain how parenting style contributes to the development of these groups of children.
Q5) A(n) _____ consists of several similar cliques.
Q6) Any action that discourages the reoccurrence of a response is a(n) _____.
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Chapter 8: Rites of Passage: Physical and Cognitive
Development in Adolescence
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194 Verified Questions
194 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many of the following adolescents are experiencing a change in primary sex characteristics: Larry, who has acquired the ability to ejaculate; Curly, who is producing sperm; Moe, who is experiencing growth of his scrotum?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 2
D) 3
Q2) When discussing the Heinz dilemma, Travis says, "I wouldn't steal the drug because I would not want anyone thinking of me as a thief." This type of logic best fits with Kohlberg's ____ stage of moral reasoning.
A) first
B) second
C) third
D) fourth
Q3) The basic premise of ad populum arguments is that
A) most people are stupid.
B) attack the messenger, not the message.
C) the lone voice will carry the day.
D) if most people believe it, it must be correct.
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Chapter 9: Moving into the Adult Social World:
Socioemotional Development in Adolescence
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most common drug used by American teens is _____.
Q2) A person with a(n) ____ personality type would be described as someone who is highly task-oriented and who enjoys abstract thinking.
A) investigative
B) conventional
C) social
D) realistic
Q3) Investigative personality types enjoy thinking about abstract relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sixteen-year-old Paris's motto is, "It's all about me!" This belief fits well with the concept of adolescent
A) egocentrism.
B) learned helplessness.
C) secular growth.
D) foreclosure.
Q5) Describe how the four levels of Marcia's identity status could be exemplified by Hawkeye, who wants to be a doctor.
Q6) The first stage in Super's vocational choice theory is called _____.
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Chapter 10: Becoming an Adult: Physical, Cognitive, and Personality Development
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193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Richard has just been told by his physician that he should cut back on the amount of fat in his diet. His physician is most likely concerned about the high amount of ____ in Richard's blood.
A) vitamin D
B) high-density lipoproteins
C) low-density lipoproteins
D) carbohydrates
Q2) A friend hears that you are taking a course in human development and asks you to help her make sense of the nutrition-related terms metabolism, LDL, HDL, and BMI. Provide a written response in which you describe the role that each of these play in one's health.
Q3) A life-span construct represents a
A) unified sense of one's past, present, and future.
B) multidimensional conceptualization of intelligence.
C) fear that when people act in negative ways expected by others, they are doing a disservice to all members of their sex.
D) personal timetable concerning when someone else should experience some event.
Q4) Discuss your own development using the concepts of a life-span construct scenario, a social clock, a life story, and possible selves.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Being with Others: Forming Relationships in Young and Middle Adulthood
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195 Verified Questions
195 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Unlike heterosexual males, homosexual men tend to view love and sex as synonymous.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A(n) _____ family consists of at least three generations (e.g., parents, children, grandparents).
Q3) Unless they are poor, __________________________________ than men.
A) women are more likely to initiate a divorce and more likely to remarry
B) women are more likely to initiate a divorce and less likely to remarry
C) women are less likely to initiate a divorce and more likely to remarry
D) women are less likely to initiate a divorce and less likely to remarry
Q4) In the United States, _____ rated a woman in an abusive relationship more positively if she left the man.
A) European-American women living in the South
B) Latina-American women living in the South
C) European-American women living in the North
D) no women
Q5) ______ refers to a couple having similar values and interests and is a good predictor of marital satisfaction.
Q6) Marital ________ is an umbrella term referring to the marital outcome Page 13
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Work and Leisure: Occupational and Lifestyle
Issues in Young and Middle
Adulthood
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193 Verified Questions
193 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement concerning occupational development is true?
A) Research does not support either Super's claims that it is a developmental process nor Holland's emphasis on the importance role of personal characteristics
B) Research does not support Super's claims that it is a developmental process but does support Holland's emphasis on the importance role of personal characteristics
C) Research supports Super's claims that it is a developmental process but not Holland's emphasis on the importance role of personal characteristics
D) Research supports both Super's claims that it is a developmental process and Holland's emphasis on the importance role of personal characteristics
Q2) Holland categorizes occupations using the dimensions of
A) interpersonal settings and lifestyle.
B) lifestyle and income.
C) income and education level.
D) education level and interpersonal settings.
Q3) _____ activities are discretionary activities that include things you would do for enjoyment or to relax.
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15
Chapter 13: Making It in Midlife: The Biopsychosocial
Challenges of Middle Adulthood
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199 Verified Questions
199 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Sylvester has a Type A behavior pattern and Stallone has a Type B behavior pattern. Which statement is true?
A) Stallone has a greater risk of suffering from cardiovascular disease.
B) Stallone likely has a much higher cholesterol count.
C) Sylvester is more likely to be a smoker.
D) Sylvester has a better recovery prognosis following a heart attack.
Q2) Women are more likely than men to move back with their parents after college.
A)True B)False
Q3) Kay always does her best to make sure her children, parents, in-laws, and siblings get together for holidays, anniversaries, and birthdays. Kay would best be described as A) Type A.
B) a cultural conservator.
C) a kinkeeper.
D) encapsulated.
Q4) After menopause, vaginal walls and the vagina both increase in size. A)True B)False
Q5) Describe the role of grandparenting in at least three different cultures.
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Chapter 14: The Personal Context of Later Life: Physical, Cognitive, and Mental Health Issues
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term _____ used by psychologists to mean feeling sad or down is a prominent symptom of depression.
Q2) The concept of spaced retrieval is based on
A) the theory of postformal thought.
B) circadian rhythms.
C) the E-I-E-I-O approach to memory.
D) cross-linking theory.
Q3) Which patient is likely to experience the fewest and least severe side effects from their antidepressant medication?
A) Angie, who is taking an HCA
B) Gloria, who is taking an MAO inhibitor
C) Victoria, who is taking an SSRI
D) Tiffany, who is taking L-dopa
Q4) Which would most dramatically impact the levels of free radicals in one's body?
A) Consuming antioxidants like vitamin E
B) Getting an injection of telomerase
C) Contracting sickle-cell anemia
D) Engaging in aerobic exercise
Page 17
Q5) When axon fibers become severely twisted, they can form a spiral-shaped mass called _____.
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Chapter 15: Social Aspects of Later Life: Psychosocial,
Retirement, Relationship, and Societal Issues
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Being a great-grandparent provides some with a sense of symbolic immortality.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Life satisfaction is strongly correlated with the number and quality of friendships, but poorly correlated with the number and quality of family relationships.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When comparing the average middle-aged married couple with the average older married couple, the older couple is more likely to be characterized as A) unhappy.
B) disengaged.
C) similar.
D) docile.
Q4) Which of the following factors places elderly people at higher risk for fraud?
A) Unhappiness
B) Loneliness
C) Social isolation
D) Disability
Page 18
Q5) What is a life review? How is this related to achieving integrity?
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Chapter 16: The Final Passage: Dying and Bereavement
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Sample Questions
Q1) The state or condition created by loss through death is called _____.
Q2) All stage theories of dying are based on the notion that A) the faster the death trajectory, the better.
B) there are great cultural differences in the dying process.
C) there is a specific direction to the developmental pattern of reacting to one's death. D) the unconscious mind plays a major role in death anxiety.
Q3) Of all of these people who have just died, most people would find the death of ____ to be the most tragic.
A) James, who was your 8-year-old child,
B) Humphrey, who was your 28-year-old sister,
C) Priscilla, who was your 48-year-old best friend,
D) Gladys, who was your 68-year-old parent,
Q4) Tony's younger brother died when Tony was 11 years old. Tony is now 18 years old. If Tony is a normally developing adolescent, he is now much more likely to ____ than when he was 11.
A) miss his brother
B) view his brother as being in heaven
C) talk about his brother
D) be depressed because of loss
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