Child and Adolescent Development Exam Review
Course Introduction
Child and Adolescent Development is a comprehensive course that explores the physical, cognitive, emotional, and social growth of individuals from infancy through adolescence. The course examines key theories, research findings, and developmental milestones, emphasizing how family, culture, school, and peer interactions shape developmental trajectories. Students will analyze the impact of nature and nurture, assess developmental challenges, and understand the application of developmental principles in real-world settings such as education, healthcare, and counseling. By the end of the course, students will have a nuanced understanding of how children and adolescents develop and how to support their growth effectively.
Recommended Textbook Development Through the Lifespan 7th Edition by Laura E. Berk
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19 Chapters
2482 Verified Questions
2482 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: History, theory, and Research Strategies
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The lifespan perspective on human development assumes that development is
A) static and stable
B) multidimensional and multidirectional
C) continuous, rather than discontinuous
D) largely the result of heredity
Answer: B
Q2) __________ influences are irregular and do not follow a predictable timetable.
A) Nonnormative
B) History-graded
C) Age-graded
D) Bio-historical
Answer: A
Q3) __________ can help prevent escalating demands on families that give way to chaos.
A) Parental multitasking
B) Eating separate meals
C) Compression of family routines
D) High-quality child care that is affordable and reliable
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Genetic and Environmental Foundations
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The minimum income guaranteed to Americans age 65 and older from Social Security is __________.
A) more generous than those in most other Western nations
B) increasing substantially every year
C) below the poverty line
D) about 200 percent of the poverty line
Answer: C
Q2) In the female,meiosis results in __________.
A) just one ovum
B) two ova
C) three ova
D) four ova
Answer: A
Q3) In the male,__________ are produced when meiosis is complete.
A) no sperm
B) four sperm
C) 40,000 sperm
D) no sex cells
Answer: B
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Prenatal Development, birth, and the Newborn Baby
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The embryonic disk __________.
A) becomes the new organism
B) is the outer ring of cells on a blastocyst
C) has a good chance of survival outside the womb
D) is a protective membrane that surrounds the amnion
Answer: A
Q2) During the period of the embryo,the __________ becomes the __________.
A) mesoderm; nervous system, lungs, internal organs, and skin
B) chorion; endocrine system, muscles, placenta, and skeleton
C) ectoderm; circulatory system, skin, skeleton, and internal organs
D) endoderm; digestive system, lungs, urinary tract, and glands
Answer: D
Q3) The __________ reflex helps a newborn find the nipple.
A) rooting
B) Moro
C) Babinski
D) tonic neck
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Physical Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about individual and group differences in physical growth is true?
A) Asian children tend to be slightly above North American growth norms.
B) African-American children tend to be below the growth norms.
C) There are no apparent ethnic differences in physical growth.
D) Children of the same age differ in rate of physical growth.
Q2) In left-handed people,the __________.
A) right hemisphere always handles spatial abilities
B) cerebral cortex may be less clearly specialized
C) left hemisphere is always responsible for verbal abilities
D) left hemisphere is always responsible for positive emotion
Q3) Synapses __________.
A) decrease dramatically during the first year
B) are tiny gaps between neighboring neurons
C) are pruned during mitosis
D) are responsible for myelination
Q4) Are chubby babies at risk for later overweight and obesity? How can concerned parents prevent their infants from becoming overweight children and adults?
Q5) Explain intermodal perception and its importance to perceptual development.
Q6) What influence does heredity have on physical growth?
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Chapter 5: Cognitive Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Herb and Nyla value make-believe as a developmentally beneficial activity.They would like to promote their 18-month-old daughter's play.You can tell them that toddlers' make-believe is more elaborate when __________.
A) they play alone
B) they do not use props
C) adults participate
D) other toddlers participate
Q2) In the second year,attraction to __________ declines and __________ increases.
A) intentional behavior; gazing
B) stimuli; reflexive action
C) novelty; sustained attention
D) goal-directed behavior; memory
Q3) On Monday,20-month-old Raoul watches his brother Carlos stir his applesauce with a spoon.On Thursday,Raoul tries to use a spoon to stir his applesauce.Raoul is using a(n)__________ to imitate Carlos's behavior.
A) reflexive scheme
B) primary circular reaction
C) A-not-B search error
D) mental representation
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and
Toddlerhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The __________ attachment pattern reflects the greatest insecurity.
A) disorganized/disoriented
B) insecure avoidant
C) insecure resistant
D) unstable
Q2) Self-conscious emotions play an important role in __________.
A) stranger anxiety
B) separation anxiety
C) children's moral behaviors
D) children's expressions of fear
Q3) Research on child care in infancy has found that __________.
A) the majority of babies in child care display an insecure resistant attachment to their mothers
B) exposure to child care exerts a more powerful impact on children's adjustment than parenting quality
C) infants and toddlers who experience daily, nonparental child care are at risk for attachment insecurity
D) the relationship between child care and emotional well-being depends on both family and child-care experiences
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) According to sociocultural theory,__________ broadens preschoolers' participation in social dialogues with more knowledgeable individuals,who encourage them to master culturally important tasks.
A) individual sensorimotor exploration
B) emergence of new epiphyses
C) development of reflexive schemes
D) rapid expansion of language
Q2) Discuss three educational principles derived from Piaget's theory that continue to have a major impact on both teacher training and classroom practices,especially during early childhood.
Q3) The pituitary gland releases hormones that __________.
A) induce growth
B) coordinate movement
C) enhance memory
D) help us find our way
Q4) Vygotsky saw __________ as the foundation for all higher cognitive processes.
A) egocentrism
B) language
C) sensorimotor activity
D) self-reflection
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Chapter 8: Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about preschoolers' self-judgments is true?
A) Preschoolers combine their many self-judgments into a global sense of self-esteem.
B) Children whose parents regularly encourage them give up easily when faced with challenges.
C) Young children are not mature enough to form self-judgments.
D) Preschoolers usually rate their own ability as extremely high.
Q2) By __________,children can set aside their current state of mind and take a future perspective.
A) the end of the first year
B) age 2
C) age 3
D) the end of the preschool years
Q3) Shelby tells her classmates not to play with Sophia because "she lies." This is an example of __________ aggression.
A) direct
B) verbal
C) instrumental
D) relational
Q4) Discuss direct and indirect parental influences on early peer relations.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement about language development during middle childhood is true?
A) Vocabulary growth is much slower in middle childhood than in early childhood.
B) Children's reflective, analytical approach to language permits them to appreciate the multiple meanings of words.
C) English-speaking children use the active voice more frequently than the passive voice during the school years.
D) Children's use of the passive voice more frequently than the active voice leads to a change in their humor.
Q2) Many experts believe that schools should not only offer more frequent physical education classes but also reduce the emphasis placed on __________ and instead emphasize __________.
A) individual effort; grades
B) individual exercise; diet and nutritional information
C) competitive sports; informal games and individual exercise
D) informal games and individual exercise; competitive sports
Q3) Discuss the consequences of childhood obesity.
Q4) Discuss the impact of culture and schooling on the development of concrete operational thought.
Q5) Discuss the development of planning on multistep tasks in middle childhood.
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Chapter 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Mr.and Mrs.Chavez recently divorced.Their 5-year-old son is likely to __________.
A) take on extra household chores
B) blame himself for the marital breakup
C) escape into undesirable peer activities
D) provide emotional support to his mother
Q2) Excessive guilt is linked to __________.
A) ignoring responsibilities
B) intentional wrongdoing
C) depressive symptoms
D) lying and cheating
Q3) School-age friends __________.
A) usually break up their friendship within months
B) are usually opposite from one another in personality
C) tend to be similar in race, ethnicity, and SES
D) tend to be dissimilar in sociability and popularity
Q4) Describe the characteristics of popular children,distinguishing between prosocial and antisocial children.
Q5) Define problem-centered coping and emotion-centered coping.How do school-age children use these strategies?
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Chapter 11: Physical and Cognitive Development in Adolescence
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Disturbed eating is highest in __________.
A) Asia
B) the Middle East
C) Western nations
D) Africa
Q2) Fourteen-year-old Phil experiences muscle growth and notices the growth of body and facial hair.Which hormone is responsible for this change?
A) estrogen
B) testosterone
C) adrenal androgens
D) thyroxine
Q3) Scientific reasoning __________.
A) skills are developed in a nonsequential fashion
B) results from an abrupt, stagewise change
C) develops gradually out of many specific experiences
D) is not influenced by years of schooling
Q4) Discuss effective interventions for adolescent parents.
Q5) Describe the sleep patterns of teenagers today.Discuss sleep deprivation and sleep rebound.
Q6) Discuss motor development and physical activity in adolescence. Page 13
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Page 14
Chapter 12: Emotional and Social Development in Adolescence
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132 Verified Questions
132 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Serious violent crime is __________.
A) prevented by zero tolerance policies
B) mostly the domain of girls
C) mostly the domain of boys
D) linked to authoritative parenting
Q2) The most common psychological problem of adolescence is __________.
A) anorexia
B) anxiety
C) bulimia
D) depression
Q3) The influence of situational factors on moral judgments indicates that like Piaget's cognitive stages,Kohlberg's moral stages are __________.
A) predictable and universal
B) highly organized and sequential
C) attained in a neat, stepwise fashion
D) loosely organized and overlapping
Q4) Name and describe the four identity statuses that researchers use to evaluate progress in identity development.
Q5) Describe how sibling interactions adapt to development at adolescence.
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Chapter 13: Physical and Cognitive Development in Early
Adulthood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) College students who are __________ are more likely to graduate.
A) from lower-SES families
B) emotionally dependent on their parents
C) not involved in campus social organizations
D) from families that value a college education
Q2) What was discovered when the mean ages for best performance of Olympic and professional athletes in a variety of sports were charted over time?
A) Ages of best performance improved over time.
B) Absolute performance in most events improved over time.
C) Tasks that required speed of limb movement peaked in the early thirties.
D) Tasks that depended on endurance typically peaked in the early twenties.
Q3) In surveys of American adults over the past four decades,__________.
A) approval of extramarital sex remained consistently high
B) approval of extramarital sex increased after the mid-2000s
C) acceptance of premarital sex remained consistently low
D) acceptance of premarital sex rose sharply after the mid-2000s
Q4) Discuss the trend toward the use of online dating sites or mobile dating apps as a way to initiate relationships.
Q5) List and describe the three periods of vocational development.
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Chapter 14: Emotional and Social Development in Early
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In families with five to 10 siblings,__________.
A) intimacy is more important than commitment
B) sibling bonds are weaker than in small families
C) close sibling bonds may replace friendships
D) friends are preferred confidants over siblings
Q2) Among U.S.adults age 40 and older,85 percent of women and 76 percent of men __________.
A) are married
B) have been married at least once
C) are parents
D) have two or more children
Q3) Both men and women are likely to say that __________ is a top attribute in mate selection.
A) earning power
B) dependability
C) physical attractiveness
D) age
Q4) Discuss factors that contribute to the widespread,persistent gender pay gap in the United States.
Q5) Describe the gender differences in same-sex adult friendships.
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Chapter 15: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The ability to see in dim light __________.
A) does not decline during middle adulthood
B) declines at twice the rate of daylight vision
C) declines at half the rate of daylight vision
D) improves slightly during middle adulthood
Q2) Middle-aged adults tend to be rational decision makers because they __________.
A) use practical problem-solving strategies
B) engage in emotion-based problem solving
C) select the most attractive-looking options
D) tend to rely on the expertise of colleagues
Q3) Women with either BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations are __________.
A) unlikely to develop breast cancer before age 40
B) especially likely to develop breast cancer in late adulthood
C) especially likely to develop early-onset breast cancer
D) unlikely to develop breast cancer after age 40
Q4) Which individual is most likely to be at the peak of creative accomplishment?
A) Tiesha, age 26
B) Cecil, age 31
C) Shaunte, age 42
D) Delbert, age 57
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Emotional and Social Development in Middle
Adulthood
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129 Verified Questions
129 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26550
Sample Questions
Q1) Nat is 42.His sister,Kiana,is 25.Which statement is the most likely to be true based solely on their ages?
A) Kiana is more likely than Nat to identify the positive side of difficult situations.
B) Nat is more likely than Kiana to anticipate and plan ways to handle future discomforts.
C) Nat is more likely than Kiana to act quickly rather than taking time to evaluate alternatives.
D) Kiana is more likely than Nat to use humor to express ideas and feelings without offending others.
Q2) Which middle-aged worker is likely to experience the biggest increase in job satisfaction?
A) Janae, a female account executive
B) Schuyler, a female postal worker
C) Rodrigo, a male corporate executive
D) Virl, a male assembly-line worker
Q3) Describe the four typically cited gratifications of grandparenthood.How do middle-aged adults rate their role as grandparents?
Q4) Describe the sandwich generation.
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Chapter 17: Physical and Cognitive Development in Late
Adulthood
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130 Verified Questions
130 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/26551
Sample Questions
Q1) Which statement is true about cognitive functioning in late adulthood?
A) Mental abilities that rely on biologically based information-processing skills are sustained longer.
B) Research reveals less individual variation in cognitive functioning in late adulthood than at any other time of life.
C) Older adults who sustain high levels of cognitive functioning engage in selective optimization with compensation.
D) Generally, cognitive improvement and maintenance outweigh cognitive loss as people approach the end of life.
Q2) Overall,__________ provide(s)at least 60 to 80 percent of all long-term care in the United States,Australia,Canada,New Zealand,and Western Europe.
A) the government
B) nursing homes
C) nonprofit organizations
D) families
Q3) Define and describe ADLs and IADLs.What percentage of U.S.older adults have limitations carrying out these activities?
Q4) What are primary and secondary aging? How do they differ?
Page 20
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Chapter 18: Emotional and Social Development in Late
Adulthood
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131 Verified Questions
131 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Among the strongest risk factors for late-life depression is __________.
A) physical distance from family
B) chronic disease
C) financial difficulty
D) boredom
Q2) __________ strongly predicts the quality of the grandparent-adult grandchild relationship.
A) Proximity
B) The amount of practical assistance an adult grandchild provides
C) Degree of grandparent involvement during childhood
D) Age of the adult grandchild
Q3) Today,retirement __________.
A) is usually highly streamlined and similar for workers in all occupations
B) means moving from full-time work to full-time leisure in a single event
C) is not a single event but rather a dynamic process with multiple transitions
D) is more affordable than ever for workers in all occupations
Q4) Describe two highly predictable,complementary behavior patterns involving control versus dependency that people interacting with older adults often fall into.
Q5) Describe George Vaillant's findings regarding successful aging.
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Chapter 19: Death, dying, and Bereavement
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128 Verified Questions
128 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which individual will likely experience the lowest level of death anxiety?
A) Hayley, who believes in an afterlife but rarely prays
B) Jude, who attends church but doubts the existence of an afterlife
C) Houston, who has a participatory perspective of death and dying
D) Winifred, who has an overcoming perspective of death and dying
Q2) In the United States and other Western nations,when doctors engage in voluntary euthanasia with patients near death and suffering profoundly,__________.
A) about 70 percent of the population disapproves
B) judges are usually strict, sentencing them to jail terms
C) they often do so without the patient's consent
D) judges are usually lenient, granting suspended sentences or probation
Q3) Ceremonies that commemorate death __________.
A) are strikingly different in various cultures
B) help mourners avoid social contact
C) are highly similar across cultures
D) are traditionally held within three days after death
Q4) What is an advance medical directive? What types are available in the United States?
Q5) What is bereavement overload? Who is at risk for it?
Q6) What is medical aid-in-dying? Is it legal in the United States?
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