Chemistry for Pre-Medical Students Exam Practice Tests - 2476 Verified Questions

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Chemistry for Pre-Medical Students Exam Practice Tests

Course Introduction

This course provides a comprehensive foundation in general, organic, and biochemistry, tailored specifically for pre-medical students. Emphasizing fundamental chemical principles, the curriculum explores atomic structure, chemical bonding, states of matter, energetics, reaction mechanisms, and kinetics. Building on these basics, the course delves into organic functional groups, biomolecules, and metabolic pathways relevant to human physiology and medicine. Through a combination of lectures, laboratory experiments, and problem-solving sessions, students gain the analytical and conceptual skills necessary for advanced study in health sciences, preparing them for entrance exams and the scientific demands of medical school.

Recommended Textbook Organic Chemistry 7th Edition by William H. Brown

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29 Chapters

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Chapter 1: Covalent Bonding and Shapes of Molecules

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Sample Questions

Q1) Draw bond-line structures of all of the aldehydes that have the formula C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O.

Answer: 11ea7d75_f5da_6eee_b9bd_81285f2ae678_TB1813_00_TB1813_00

Q2) Which of the following statements is not true about the carbonate anion, CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2</sup><sup>-</sup>?

A)All of the oxygen atoms bear the same amount of charge

B)All of the carbon-oxygen bonds are the same length

C)The carbon atom bears the negative charge

D)It is basic

Answer: C

Q3) Which of the following compounds is a carboxylic acid?

A)CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOH

B)CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub> C)CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH

D)CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CHO

Answer: A

Q4) Draw bond-line structures of all of the tertiary (3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>) alcohols that have the formula C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O.

Answer: 11ea7d75_f5da_9601_b9bd_b3fece83c861_TB1813_00_TB1813_00

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Chapter 2: Alkanes and Cycloalkanes

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following alkanes has the highest boiling point?

A)propane

B)butane

C)pentane

D)hexane

Answer: D

Q2) Which of the following compounds can adopt a chair conformation in which there are no axial methyl groups?

A)1,1-dimethylcyclohexane

B)cis-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane

C)trans-1,2-dimethylcyclohexane

D)cis-1,3-dimethylcyclohexane

Answer: C

Q3) Which of the following is not true regarding the properties of alkanes?

A)alkanes are nonpolar

B)alkanes burn in air to give H<sub>2</sub>O and CO<sub>2</sub>

C)alkanes are highly miscible with water

D)the strongest intermolecular force between alkane molecules is the van der Waals interaction

Answer: C

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Chapter 3: Stereoisomerism and Chirality

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Q1) Which of the following statements is not true regarding pairs of enantiomers?

A)They have identical melting points

B)They have identical boiling points.

C)They rotate plane polarized light in opposite directions

D)They react at identical rates with chiral reagents

Answer: D

Q2) How many isomers (constitutional and stereoisomers) exist for dimethylcyclohexane?

A)3

B)5

C)6

D)9

Answer: D

Q3) In muscle tissue only (+)-lactic acid is found but in sour milk both (+)-lactic acid and (-)-lactic acid are present. This difference might be explained by the fact that the production of lactic acid in muscle tissue is catalyzed by biological catalysts or enzymes.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

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Chapter 4: Acids and Bases

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Q1) What is the approximate pK<sub>a</sub> value of HCl?

A)-7

B)5

C)16

D)51

Q2) Which of the following is a feature of a Brønsted-Lowry base?

A)proton donor

B)proton acceptor

C)electron pair donor

D)electron pair acceptor

Q3) Which of the following compounds is the strongest acid?

A)CF<sub>3</sub>OH

B)CF<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub>OH

C)CF<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub>OH

D)CF<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH

Q4) Which of the following anions is the strongest base?

A)NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>

B)NH<sub>3</sub>

C)CH<sub>3</sub>CH=N<sup>-</sup>

D)CH<sub>3</sub>C\(\equiv\)N

Page 6

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Chapter 5: Alkenes: Bonding, Nomenclature, and Properties

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Sample Questions

Q1) What types of units make up terpenes?

A)isoprene

B)propene

C)vitamin A

D)pentadiene

Q2) Which of the following substituents has the highest priority according to the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog system used in assigning E and Z configurations of carbon-carbon double bonds?

A)"-CH(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>"

B)"-CH<sub>2</sub>OCH<sub>3</sub>"

C)"-CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>"

D)"-CH<sub>2</sub>Br"

Q3) Which of the following molecular formulae corresponds to a compound with a hydrogen deficiency of 2?

A)C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O<sub>2</sub>

B)C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O

C)C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>15</sub>N

D)C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>

Q4) What is the value of the index of hydrogen deficiency of a molecule with the formula C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>10</sub>?

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Chapter 6: Reactions of Alkenes

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Sample Questions

Q1) Product _____would be formed via a primary carbocation.

Q2) Upon ozonolysis, _____________ will produce only acetone, (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>C=O. (Enter an IUPAC name.)

Q3) Product _____ is the non-Markovnikov product.

Q4) _____________is the starting material required to produce 3-methyl-1-butanol using the hydroboration-oxidation reaction. (Enter an IUPAC name.)

Q5) What type of reactive intermediate is formed in the reaction of an alkene with HBr to give a bromoalkane?

A)carbocation

B)carbanion

C)radical

D)cyclic bromonium ion

Q6) Which of the following reactions of alkenes is not stereospecific?

A)bromination (treatment with Br<sub>2</sub> in CHCl<sub>3</sub>)

B)hydrogenation (treatment with H<sub>2</sub>/Pt)

C)acid-catalyzed hydration (treatment with aqueous H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>)

D)bromohydrin formation (treatment with Br<sub>2</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>O)

Q7) Product _____ would be formed by a carbocation experiencing the greatest degree of hyperconjugation stabilization.

Page 8

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Chapter 7: Alkynes

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Sample Questions

Q1) Addition of H<sub>2</sub> to 2-pentyne in the presence of the Lindlar's catalyst will produce ___-2-pentene.

Q2) Which atomic orbitals overlap to form the carbon-carbon triple bond of an alkyne?

A)2s + 2s; sp + sp; 2p + 2p

B)sp + sp; sp + sp; 2p + 2p

C)sp + sp; 2p + 2p; 2p + 2p

D)sp<sup>2</sup> + sp<sup>2</sup>; sp + sp; 2p + 2p

Q3) Which sequence of reactions can be used to convert (Z) 2-pentene to 2-pentyne

A)Treatment with Br<sub>2</sub>; followed by treatment with NaNH<sub>2</sub>

B)Treatment with Br<sub>2</sub>, H<sub>2</sub>O; followed by treatment with NaOH

C)Treatment with Br<sub>2</sub>; followed by treatment with H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>

D)Treatment with HBr; followed by treatment with NaOH

Q4) How many terminal alkynes are there with the molecular formula C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>12</sub>?

A)5

B)7

C)8

D)9

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Chapter 8: Haloalkanes, Halogenation, and Radical Reactions

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following statements is not true about the allyl radical

A)The carbon-carbon bond lengths are identical.

B)The unpaired electron density is shared between carbons 1 and 2.

C)It undergoes reaction with bromine to give a single product.

D)It is formed by abstraction of a hydrogen atom from the methyl group of propene.

Q2) What type of orbitals overlap to provide stability to the tert-butyl radical by hyperconjugation?

A)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> C 2p atomic orbital + 3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> C sp<sup>2</sup> atomic orbital

B)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> C 2p atomic orbital + methyl C-H \(\sigma\) molecular orbital

C)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>C sp<sup>2</sup> atomic orbital + methyl C-H \(\sigma\) molecular orbital

D)3<sup>\(\circ\)</sup> C 2p atomic orbital + methyl C 2s atomic orbital

Q3) The number of possible monobromination products of cyclopentane is______.

Q4) The number of possible monobromination products, including cis-trans isomers, of methylcyclopentane is ______.

Q5) The name of one of the minor products of this reaction is____________________.

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Chapter 9: Nucleophilic Substitution and Beta-Elimination

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Q1) Which of the following is not a characteristic of S<sub>N</sub>1 reactions?

A)the electrophilic carbon undergoes inversion of stereochemistry

B)the rate is proportional to the concentration of substrate

C)the reaction proceeds faster in a more polar solvent

D)the rate is independent of the concentration of nucleophile

Q2) Which of the following reactions corresponds to a substitution?

A)tert-butanol \(\rarr\) tert-butyl chloride

B)tert-butanol \(\rarr\) 2-methylpropene

C)3,3-dimethyl-2-butanol \(\rarr\)2,3-dimethyl-2-butene

D)cyclohexene \(\rarr\)1,2-dichlorocyclohexane

Q3) Which of the following statements is not true regarding the S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction of (R)-2-bromobutane with sodium cyanide?

A)the reaction proceeds with inversion of configuration

B)the rate is proportional to the concentration of sodium cyanide

C)the rate is proportional to the concentration of (R)-2-bromobutane

D)the rate of the reaction is independent of the identity of the solvent

Q4) The mechanism for these reactions is _______.

Q5) In the reactions a and b if concentration of OH<sup>-</sup> and SH<sup>-</sup>, respectively, were doubled, the rate of the reactions would ___________.

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Chapter 10: Alcohols

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the approximate C-C-O bond angle of ethanol?

A)90<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>

B)109.5<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>

C)120<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>

D)180<sup>\(\circ\)</sup>

Q2) The starting material would be classified as a __________ alcohol.

Q3) Including stereoisomers, the number alkene isomers produced by the acid-catalyzed dehydration of 3-methyl-3-hexanol is _____.

Q4) When a secondary (2°) alcohol is treated with Jones reagent the product of the reaction is a ketone.

A)True

B)False

Q5) What is the major organic product obtained upon heating a mixture of 2-butanol and 85% H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>?

A)1-butene

B)cis-2-butene

C)trans-2-butene

D)2-methylpropene (isobutylene)

Q6) The mechanism of this reaction would be classified as ______.

Page 12

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Chapter 11: Ethers, Epoxides, and Sulfides

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Sample Questions

Q1) When cyclopentene is treated with peroxyacetic acid, the product that forms is

Q2) What type of mechanism accounts for the cleavage of tert-butyl methyl ether upon treatment with HBr?

A)S<sub>N</sub>1

B)S<sub>N</sub>2

C)E1

D)E2

Q3) A protecting group changes the reactivity of a functional group to one that is inert to reaction conditions without becoming a permanent part of the molecule.

A)True

B)False

Q4) What are the major products obtained upon treatment of tert-butyl methyl ether with excess HBr?

A)tert-butyl alcohol and methanol

B)tert-butyl bromide and methanol

C)tert-butyl alcohol and bromomethane

D)tert-butyl bromide and bromomethane

Q5) A crown ether named 18-crown-6 has a total of carbons and oxygens .

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Chapter 12: Infrared Spectroscopy

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Sample Questions

Q1) _______

CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OCH(CH<sub>3</sub>)

A)4000 to 2500 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>

B)2500 to 2000 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>

C)2000 to 1500 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>

D)below 1500 cm<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>

Q2) A C=O bond undergoes stretching at a lower frequency than C=C.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Which of the following regions in the electromagnetic spectrum corresponds to the radiation with the longest wavelength?

A)radio waves

B)ultraviolet

C)infrared

D)visible

Q4) Which of the following bonds undergoes stretching at the highest frequency?

A)O-H

B)C-H

C)C=O

D)C\(\equiv\)C

Page 14

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Chapter 13: Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

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Sample Questions

Q1) How many signals appear in the proton-decoupled <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectrum of 1,4-dibromobenzene? A)1 B)2

C)3

D)4

Q2) ______ 1

Q3) Which of the following combinations of peaks appears in the <sup>1</sup>H NMR spectrum of butane?

A)a triplet and a doublet

B)a triplet and a quartet

C)a triplet and a sextet

D)two singlets

Q4) What is the hydrogen deficiency index for a compound with a molecular formula of C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>6</sub>Br<sub>2</sub>?

A)1

B)2

C)3

D)4

Q5) ______ 1

15

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Chapter 14: Mass Spectrometry

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following alcohols does not give a prominent M - 15 ion?

A)isopropyl alcohol

B)tert-butyl alcohol

C)2-hexanol

D)3-pentanol

Q2) Which C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>O carbonyl-containing compound shows a molecular ion peak at m/z 100 and significant fragment peaks at m/z 85, 58, 57, 43 and 42 in the EI mass spectrum?

Q3) In mass spectrometry, which of the following phrases is shortened to the acronym "MALDI"?

A)mass analysis by light-detected ions

B)matrix assisted laser desorption ionization

C)many atom loss-detecting ionization

D)molecular and light detecting instrument

Q4) Which of the following sets of molecular ions does an alkyl chloride possess?

A)two molecular ions in a 2:1 ratio separated by two mass units

B)two molecular ions in a 1:1 ratio separated by two mass units

C)three molecular ions in a 1:2:1 ratio separated by two mass units

D)two molecular ions in a 3:1 ratio separated by two mass units

Q5) The base peak in this spectrum occurs at a m/z of ______.

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Chapter 15: An Introduction to Organometallic Compounds

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Q1) In a coupling reaction using a Gilman reagent, both of the Gilman reagent alkyl groups are transferred in the reaction

A)True

B)False

Q2) The name of the product of the reaction of 2-chlorobutane with 1.) Li, 2.) CuI, 3.) 1-bromobutane would be _______________________.

Q3) Substance ____ is the electrophile in the reaction.

A)A

B)B

C)C

D)D

Q4) The percent ionic character of a C-Mg bond is less than that of a C-Cu bond. A)True

B)False

Q5) Both Grignard reagents and Gilman reagents are synthetically useful because they form new carbon to carbon bonds.

A)True B)False

Q6) Substance A is termed a ___________reagent.

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Chapter 16: Aldehydes and Ketones

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Sample Questions

Q1) The nucleophile in this reaction is _____.

A)A

B)B

C)C

D)D

Q2) Which of the following statements is not true?

A)Reaction of benzophenone with methanol in the presence of acid gives a acetal

B)Reaction of butanal with ethanol in the presence of base gives an acetal

C)Reaction of benzaldehyde with ethanol in the presence of acid gives an acetal

D)Reaction of acetone with methanol in the presence of base gives a hemiacetal

Q3) The first step in the reaction mechanism is the protonation of the ________group.

Q4) Many nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones are catalyzed by acid or base. Bases catalyze hydration by converting the water to hydroxide ion, a much better nucleophile

A)True

B)False

Q5) The product of this reaction is called a(n)___________.

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Chapter 17: Carboxylic Acids

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Sample Questions

Q1) The 2,3,4,5-tetramethylbenzene will be recovered from the _______ layer.

Q2) What is the approximate pK<sub>a</sub> value of acetic acid

A)-2

B)5

C)15

D)35

Q3) Ethyl propanoate (CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>COOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>) can be prepared by the reaction of ethanol with ____________ acid.

Q4) Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing acid strength (more acidic > less acidic)?

A)FCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > CH<sub>3</sub>COOH > F<sub>2</sub>CHCOOH

B)FCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > CH<sub>3</sub>COOH > CH<sub>3</sub>OH

C)CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH > ClCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > BrCH<sub>2</sub>COOH

D)CH<sub>3</sub>COOH > ClCH<sub>2</sub>COOH > CH<sub>3</sub>OH

Q5) Which of the following is the most soluble in water?

A)hexane

B)1-pentanol

C)pentanal

D)butanoic acid

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Chapter 18: Functional Derivatives of Carboxylic Acids

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Q1) The substance that is classified as an anhydride is _____.

Q2) Which of the following best describes the key mechanistic steps in the reaction of an acid chloride and an alcohol to form an ester?

A)elimination followed by addition

B)addition followed by decarboxylation

C)addition followed by elimination

D)substitution followed by addition

Q3) Which of the following is the correct order of decreasing leaving group ability in nucleophilic acyl substitutions (better leaving group > worse leaving group)?

A)Cl<sup>-</sup> > NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> > CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup>

B)NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> > CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup> > Cl<sup>-</sup>

C)Cl<sup>-</sup>> CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup> > NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>

D)CH<sub>3</sub>O<sup>-</sup> > Cl<sup>-</sup> > NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>

Q4) Both amides and nitriles are acyl derivatives of carboxylic acids.

A)True

B)False

Q5) An imide is represented by the structure numbered ____.

Q6) The substance that is the most reactive toward nucleophilic acyl substitution is _____.

Page 20

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Chapter 19: Enolate Anions and Enamines

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Q1) Which of the following are intermediates in the acid catalyzed aldol reaction of propanal to form 2-methyl-2-pentenal?

1)enol

2)enolate

3)tetrahedral carbonyl intermediate

4)aldol

A)only 1 and 2

B)only 1, 3 and 4

C)only 2, 3 and 4

D)1, 2, 3 and 4

Q2) How many different \(\beta\)-hydroxyaldehydes and \(\beta\)-hydroxyketones, including constitutional isomers and stereoisomers, are formed upon treatment of a mixture of acetone and acetophenone with base?

A)4

B)6

C)9

D)12

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Chapter 20: Dienes, Conjugated Systems, and Pericyclic Reactions

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Q1) What is the kinetic product obtained from the addition of 1 mole of bromine to 1,3-butadiene?

A)3,4-dibromo-1-butene

B)(E)-1,4-dibromo-2-butene

C)(Z)-1,4-dibromo-2-butene

D)(Z)-2,3-dibromo-2-butene

Q2) Draw two resonance structures of the reactive intermediate that accounts for the formation of 1,2- and 1,4-addition products upon reaction of 1,3-butadiene with one equivalent of HBr.

Q3) What are the units of absorbance, A, in ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy?

A)J.mol<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>

B)nm.mol<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>

C)J.mol<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>.M<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>

D)none, A is a dimensionless quantity

Q4) Which of 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene has the greatest heat of hydrogenation (i.e., the most exothermic reaction with H<sub>2</sub> in the presence of a catalyst). Provide a brief explanation for your choice ?

Q5) How would you be able to distinguish between 1,3-cyclohexadiene and 1,4-cyclohexadiene using ultraviolet spectroscopy?

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Chapter 21: Benzene and the Concept of Aromaticity

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which orbital contains the lone pair on the nitrogen atom of pyrrole?

A)s

B)p

C)sp

D)sp<sup>2</sup>

Q2) List all of the requirements of a molecule for it to be considered aromatic.

Q3) What is the hybridization of the oxygen atom of furan?

A)s

B)sp

C)sp<sup>2</sup>

D)sp<sup>3</sup>

Q4) Phenols are stronger acids than alcohols because of the resonance stabilization of alkoxide ions.

A)True

B)False

Q5) This anion has______ \(\pi\) electrons.

Q6) The NMR data would seem to indicate that this compound is ____________.

Q7) Assuming that the sulfur atom is sp<sup>2</sup>-hybridized, there are _____ \(\pi\)-electrons in the sulfathiazole ring.

Page 23

Q8) If named as an annulene, the name would be [ __ ] annulene.

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Chapter 22: Reactions of Benzene and Its Derivatives

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Q1) What type of intermediate is formed in the reaction between chlorobenzene and tert-butyl chloride and AlCl<sub>3</sub> to give 4-chloro-1-tert-butylbenzene?

A)Meisenheimer complex

B)benzyne

C)cyclohexadienyl cation

D)benzyl radical

Q2) Which of the following undergoes the most rapid nitration upon treatment with HNO<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>?

A)toluene

B)benzene

C)bromobenzene

D)nitrobenzene

Q3) What is the electrophile in the reaction of benzene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid?

A)HONO

B)NO<sup>+</sup>

C)NO<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>

D)benzene

Q4) The compound that is the most reactive to nitration is ______.

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Chapter 23: Amines

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Q1) Provide a line-bond structure of N-methylaniline.

Q2) Which of the following is the weakest base?

A)aniline

B)3-nitroaniline

C)4-nitroaniline

D)4-methoxyaniline

Q3) The ammonia ion of substance ____ will have the largest pK<sub>a</sub>.

Q4) Provide a line-bond structure of N,N-dimethylcyclopentanamine.

Q5) The reaction of a 2<sup>o</sup> amine with nitrous acid gives a nitrosamine. A)True

B)False

Q6) Substance _____ is a primary alkyl amine.

Q7) Provide a brief explanation, based on features of the molecules, for the following difference in pK<sub>a</sub> values?

CH<sub>3</sub>NH<sub>2</sub> > PhNH<sub>2</sub> 10.64 4.63

Q8) The ammonia ion of substance ____ will have the smallest pK<sub>a</sub>.

Q9) Substance _____ is aniline.

Q10) Substance _____ is pyridine.

Q11) Substance _____ is pyrrole. Page 25

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Chapter 24: Catalytic Carbon-Carbon Bond Formation

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Q1) ______involves the use of stannates.

A)Heck reaction

B)Stille coupling

C)Suzuki coupling

D)Sonogashira coupling

E)Alkene metathesis

Q2) Which of the following is not a pericyclic reaction?

A)Cope rearrangement

B)Claisen rearrangement

C)Suzuki coupling

D)Diels-Alder reaction

Q3) Cross-coupled reactions involve a transmetallation step.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Which of the following terms describes the mechanism of a Diels-Alder reaction?

A)electrophilic addition

B)nucleophilic addition

C)pericyclic addition

D)conjugate addition

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Chapter 25: Carbohydrates

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Q1) Which of the following is vitamin C?

A)D-glucose

B)D-mannitol

C)L-ascorbic acid

D)L-sorbose

Q2) A glycoside is formed upon reaction of glucopyranose with NaBH<sub>4</sub>.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The correct name for the cyclic structure is__________________________.

Q4) The difference between the pyranose and furanose forms of a given aldohexose is the ring size.

A)True

B)False

Q5) The anomer of ribose is drawn is _______. (alpha or beta)

Q6) Which of the following is not a polysaccharide?

A)amylose

B)amylopectin

C)glycogen

D)ribulose

Q7) The enantiomer of ribose is drawn is _______. (D or L)

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Chapter 26: Lipids

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Q1) Briefly describe the chemical reaction that is used to "harden" a vegetable oil to give a fat.

Q2) Describe how the structure of a phospholipid differs from that of a trigyceride fat, and what influence this difference has on the interaction of these molecules with water.

Q3) Salts of long chain fatty acids are called detergents.

A)True

B)False

Q4) Why do hydrogenated fats have higher boiling points than the triglycerides from which they are derived?

Q5) How many triglycerides (including stereoisomers) are there which contain two molecules of stearic acid, and one of myristic acid?

A)3

B)6

C)9

D)12

Q6) Female sex hormones like estrone are called _____________.

Q7) What are the roles of LDL and HDL? Which one is "good" cholesterol, which one is bad"?

Page 29

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Chapter 27: Amino Acids and Proteins

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Q1) Which of the following is a definition of the isoelectric point of an amino acid?

A)The pH at which an amino acid has no net charge

B)The pH at which the \(\alpha\)-NH<sub>2</sub> group is completely protonated

C)The melting point of an amino acid

D)The conductivity of a 1 M solution of an amino acid in water

Q2) Hydrogen bonds, \(\alpha\)-helices, and pleated sheets are properties of structure of proteins.

Q3) Which of the following natural amino acids is an R-isomer?

A)cysteine

B)serine

C)valine

D)phenylalanine

Q4) Provide the structure of Ser-Phe-Asp.

Q5) The number of different combinations that are possible for a tripeptide containing one of each of the following amino acids: Phe, Val, Asp is ______.

Q6) The Edman degradation is used to identify the ___-terminal amino acid of a peptide.

Q7) Provide the structure of Ser-Ala.

Page 30

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Chapter 28: Nucleic Acids

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Q1) Provide the structure of a G-C base pair, showing hydrogen bonds as dotted lines.

Q2) Where is the amino acid linked to the ribose unit of transfer RNA in the process of transferring the amino acid to ribosomes?

A)the base

B)C2'-OH

C)3'-OH

D)5'-OH

Q3) What tetrapeptide is coded by the following sequence of mRNA?

5'-AUG-GUA-AUG-UUG-3'

A)Met-Val-Met-Leu

B)Ala-Val- Leu-Met

C)Met-Val-Ala-Leu

D)Ala-Ala-Met-Leu

Q4) Relative to the secondary structure of DNA, the helices are left handed and the two strands run in same directions relative to their 3'and 5' ends.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Provide the structure of 2-deoxyribose.

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Chapter 29: Organic Polymer Chemistry

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Q1) Ziegler-Natta catalysts, used to prepare linear polymer molecules, consist of: organoaluminum compounds and transition metal salts.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Which type of polymerization is used to make high density polyethylene (HDPE)?

A)anionic

B)cationic

C)radical

D)Ziegler-Natta

Q3) Provide the structure of poly(ethylene succinate).

Q4) Which of the following relationships is not true?

A)T<sub>g</sub> < T<sub>m</sub>

B)M<sub>w</sub> \(\ge\)M<sub>n</sub>

C)polydispersity index \(\le\) 1

D)M<sub>n</sub> = (average degree of polymerization, n) * (molecular weight of repeat unit)

Q5) A good initiator for a free radical addition polymerization is acetyl chloride.

A)True

B)False

Q6) This polymer would be classified as a poly______.

Page 32

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