Chemistry for Non-Majors Solved Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an introduction to the fundamental concepts of chemistry tailored for students who are not majoring in the sciences. Topics covered include the structure of atoms and molecules, chemical reactions, the periodic table, acids and bases, and the role of chemistry in everyday life. Emphasis is placed on practical applications and the relevance of chemistry to current societal issues, such as environmental concerns, health, and technology, with minimal use of complex mathematics. Laboratory activities and demonstrations are incorporated to enhance understanding and encourage scientific inquiry.
Recommended Textbook
Conceptual Chemistry 5th Edition by John A. Suchocki
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17 Chapters
2172 Verified Questions
2172 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: About Science
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements about science is true?
A)Science deals only with testable hypotheses.
B)Science deals with observations and experimentation.
C)Scientists believe that natural phenomenon have natural explanations.
D)Experiments do not always go as planned.
E)a ll of the above
Answer: E
Q2) When employing a new technology, zero risk ________.
A)is impossible
B)is ideal
C)is the ultimate goal of science
D)leads to zero benefit
Answer: A
Q3) Which of the following can be classified as matter?
A)water
B)sand
C)perfume
D)ice cream
E)all of the above
Answer: E
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Chapter 2: Particles of Matter
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following best describes a gas?
A)The molecules are moving quickly and are widely spaced.
B)The molecules are moving slowly and closely spaced.
C)The material has a fixed volume and a fixed shape.
D)The material has a fixed volume but has no definite shape.
E)The molecules are closely spaced but in random fashion.
Answer: A
Q2) Someone wants to sell you a piece of gold that they say is nearly pure. Before buying the piece, you measure its mass to be 52.3 grams and you find that it displaces 4.16 mL of water. Calculate its density and assess its purity given the fact that pure gold has a density of 19.3 g/mL.
A)The piece of gold is about 65 percent pure.
B)The piece of gold is only about 12.6 percent pure.
C)The piece of gold is only about 8 percent pure.
D)Not enough information is given to calculate the purity, but enough information is given to let you know that the piece is far from pure.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Elements of Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) How might you separate a mixture of sand and salt?
A)with tweezers and a magnifying glass
B)just add water
C)heat the mixture until one of the components melts
D)Two of the above answers are reasonable.
Answer: D
Q2) Nanoscience has shown that ________.
A)a chemical occurs with the use of a scanning probe microscope
B)the properties of a material can be different on the level of atoms then its properties when the material is analyzed in bulk
C)a physical change can occur when using a scanning probe microscope
D)DNA is the smallest molecule
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is a metal?
A)titanium (atomic no. = 22)
B)sulfur (atomic no. = 16)
C)selenium (atomic no. = 34)
D)xenon (atomic no. = 54)
E)helium (atomic no. = 2)
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Subatomic Particles
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is relatively easy to pull an electron away from a potassium atom (K, atomic number 19), but very difficult to remove a second one because ________.
A)of the repulsions occurring between electrons within the same shell
B)the electrons are so very small
C)of a much greater effective nuclear charge
D)very little energy remains after the first electron is removed
Q2) Which experiences a greater effective nuclear charge, an electron in the outer shell of neon (atomic number 10)or an electron in the outer shell of sodium (atomic number 11)?
A)sodium because it contains more protons
B)neon because of less inner shell shielding
C)sodium because it contains a greater number of shells
D)neon because it is a smaller atom
Q3) Which of the following statements does not describe a proton?
A)It orbits around the nucleus of an atom.
B)It has a positive charge equivalent but opposite of an electron's.
C)It is much more massive than an electron.
D)It is a nucleon.
E)It is attracted to negatively charged electrical plates.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: The Atomic Nucleus
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements best describes the role of neutrons in the nucleus?
A)The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by attracting protons and other neutrons.
B)The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by forming bonds with other neutrons.
C)The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by attracting protons.
D)The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by balancing charge.
E)The neutrons stabilize the nucleus by adding mass.
Q2) When the isotope bismuth-213 emits an alpha particle, what new element results?
A)lead
B)platinum
C)polonium
D)thallium
Q3) Which of the beams is actually composed of charged particles?
A)a
B)b
C)c
D)a and c
E)all of the above
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Chapter 6: How Atoms Bond
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a negative ion?
A)Na<sup>+</sup>
B)Na
C)O<sup>2-</sup>
D)O
E)all of the above
Q2) Which of the following statements is true?
A)The valence shell is the innermost shell.
B)The valence shell is usually the most unreactive shell.
C)The valence shell gives us the electron dot structure.
D)The electron dot structure is made up of each of the valence shells.
E)none of the above
Q3) Why is metal shiny?
A)The loose electrons reflect most wavelengths of light.
B)The electrons transmit most wavelengths of light.
C)The electrons absorb each light wave.
D)The electrons emit light due to electronic excitation.
E)all of the above
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Chapter 7: How Molecules Mix
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the above might best describe how soap behaves in a nonpolar solvent like turpentine?
A)a
B)b
C)c
D)d
E)none of the above
Q2) Why does oxygen have such a low solubility in water?
A)Water's attraction for itself is stronger than its attraction for oxygen molecules.
B)Water and oxygen only attract one another by means of weak dipole-induced dipole attractions.
C)The hydrogen bonding in water keeps the oxygen solubility low.
D)Both A and B are true.
Q3) Why are ion-dipole attractions stronger than dipole-dipole attractions?
A)The chemical bond in an ion-dipole molecule is similar also a covalent bond.
B)The magnitude of the electric charge associated with an ion is much greater.
C)Dipole areas are subject to changing from positive to negative regions on the molecule.
D)Like charge (dipole)does not attract like charge (another dipole.)
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Page 9
Chapter 8: How Water Behaves
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Sample Questions
Q1) Ice is slippery because ________.
A)air molecules have been excluded
B)of greater kinetic energy at the surface
C)of its relatively high purity
D)surface crystals fall apart
E)of its tight internal and external structuring
Q2) If the specific heat of gold is 0.13 J/(g°C), how much heat does it take to raise the temperature of a 1.0-gram piece of gold from 74°C to 99°C?
A)3.3 J
B)9.75 J
C)13.0 J
D)75,000 J
E)192 J
Q3) It easier to cool off on a dry day vs. a humid day because the rate of evaporation is
A)greater on a dry day and more heat is lost
B)slower on a dry day and more heat is lost
C)slower on a dry day and less heat is lost
D)greater on a dry day and less heat is lost
E)none of the above
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Chapter 9: How Chemicals React
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Sample Questions
Q1) The relative mass of carbon is 3/8 that of an oxygen molecule. How many grams of carbon are needed to have the same number of particles as found in 32 grams of oxygen molecules?
A)12 g
B)32 g
C)3 g
D)8 g
E)3/8 g
Q2) The yeast in bread dough feeds on sugar to produce carbon dioxide. Why does the dough rise faster in a warmer area?
A)There is a greater number of effective collisions among reacting molecules.
B)Atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing temperature.
C)The yeast tends to "wake up" with warmer temperatures, which is why baker's yeast is best stored in the refrigerator.
D)The rate of evaporation increases with increasing temperature.
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11
Chapter 10: Acids and Bases in Our Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lakes lying in granite basins, such as those in the northeastern U.S., tend to become acidified by acid rain more readily than lakes lying in limestone basins, such as those found in the midwestern U.S. Why is this so?
A)The granite contains acidic minerals that dissolve in the rain water and are added to the lakes.
B)Since the acidified water cannot percolate through the granite, the acid in the lakes becomes more concentrated.
C)The limestone, which is calcium carbonate, serves to neutralize the acid in the rain.
D)There is more acid rain in the northeast than in the midwestern regions of the U.S.
Q2) Which of the following solutions is the most acidic?
A)a solution with a pH = 14
B)a solution with a pH = 10
C)a solution with a pH = 7
D)a solution with a pH = 4
E)All of the solutions are basic.
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12
Chapter 11: Oxidations and Reductions Charge the World
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Sample Questions
Q1) Thin-film photovoltaic cells are ________.
A)composed of crystalline silicon
B)easy to mass produce
C)sensitive to only narrow regions of the visible spectrum
D)very expensive to produce
E)none of the above
Q2) Why might disposing of a lead-acid battery, nickel-cadmium battery or mercury battery in a landfill be a bad thing?
A)Cadmium, mercury, and lead are all toxic metals and could leak out of the landfill.
B)Cadmium, mercury, and lead are all very reactive and generate highly unstable compounds.
C)Cadmium, mercury, and lead are all radioactive and release radiation.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q3) The n-type/p-type junction is like ________.
A)a revolving door
B)a one-way valve
C)an energy escalator
D)a receptionist
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Organic Compounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the chemical cause of engine knock?
A)the straight chain isomers igniting too early in the engine
B)the branched isomers igniting too early in the engine
C)the wrong conformer igniting too early in the engine
D)too much oxygen in your piston
E)the octane igniting too early in your engine
Q2) Which of the following polymers is a thermoset polymer?
A)rayon
B)cellulose
C)nitrocellulose
D)bakelite
E)rubber
Q3) Which of the above structures is 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane?
A)a
B)b
C)c
D)None of the above
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14
Chapter 13: Nutrients of Life
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Sample Questions
Q1) You are a beautician about to apply a reducing agent to a customer with fine hair who wants to have his hair curly. Should the reducing agent be regular strength, concentrated, or diluted?
A)regular strength
B)concentrated, because in thin hair each strand is made of fewer cysteine amino acids
C)dilute, so as not to cause the hair to fall apart completely
D)concentrated, in order to add more disulfide cross-linking
Q2) What is the purpose of an enzyme?
A)to speed up biochemical reactions
B)to slow down biological reactions
C)to bind molecules and keep them out of the body
D)to slice sucrose into two ore more pieces
E)none of the above
Q3) Proteins are ________ that have some biological function in living systems.
A)polypeptides
B)monomers
C)starches
D)hormones
E)none of the above
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Medicinal Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why are plants a good source of potential drug compounds?
A)Because there are thousands of different plants with thousands of different chemicals in them.
B)Because natural products are much more effective than synthetic products.
C)Because it is far cheaper to grow chemical compounds in a plant than it is to synthesize them in the laboratory.
D)all of the above
E)none of the above
Q2) What is taking place in the synaptic cleft?
A)Neurotransmitters are diffusing between the cells.
B)Sodium ions are generating charge.
C)Negative ions are accumulating due to neuron firing.
D)Receptor sites are forming due to neuron activity.
E)none of the above
Q3) Why are cannabinoids not considered true hallucinogens?
A)They do not alter visual perception.
B)They do not produce a change in behavior.
C)They do not alter the mood of the subject.
D)They do not give you the munchies.
E)They do not alter the heart rate.
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Chapter 15: Optimizing Food Production
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an organic farming method?
A)the use of fertilizers that contain only organic compounds
B)the use of fertilizers that contain inorganic compounds
C)the use of fertilizers that contain only synthetic fertilizers
D)the use of organic compounds that act as pesticides
E)none of the above
Q2) Which of the following statements is true?
A)Plants cannot obtain nitrogen directly from the air.
B)The roots of a plant provide nitrogen required for plant growth.
C)Lightning striking the soil is the leading cause of water soluble nitrogen salts.
D)All of the above are true.
E)none of the above
Q3) Which of the following is the cause of soil losing its fertility?
A)plants extract nutrients from the soil
B)leaching extracts nutrients from the soil
C)not adding enough fertilizer
D)all of the above
E)only A and B
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Chapter 16: Protection Water and Air Resources
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not a product generated by aerobic bacteria?
A)O<sub>2</sub>
B)CO<sub>2</sub>
C)H<sub>2</sub>O
D)nitrates
E)sulfates
Q2) Why is airborne pollution problematic?
A)Air moves, so pollutants released in one location end up everywhere.
B)It makes the sunsets too red.
C)It leads to blocking of sunlight and cooling of the planet.
D)It escapes into space.
E)all of the above
Q3) Why is secondary treatment often needed for sewage?
A)The dissolved organics are too high and lead to bacterial growth.
B)The solution is contaminated with dangerous bacteria.
C)There are too many dissolved inorganic compounds.
D)There are too many finely divided particles that need to be filtered.
E)none of the above
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Chapter 17: Capturing Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Why is it impractical to burn any fuel in such a way that no nitrogen oxides are formed as combustion products?
A)All fuels contain nitrogen.
B)Nitrogen oxides form wherever air is exposed to high temperatures.
C)Much of the energy of combustion comes from the formation of nitrogen oxides.
D)Plants have come to depend on the nitrogen oxides produced from combustion.
Q2) Which of the following conventional power plants most closely resembles an ocean thermal energy converter?
A)a fusion reactor
B)a coal-fired power plant
C)a dam
D)all of the above
E)only a or b
Q3) Which of the following sources of energy can be used to generate electricity most directly?
A)coal
B)natural gas
C)nuclear fusion
D)wind
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Page 19