Chemistry for Health Sciences
Test Preparation
Course Introduction
Chemistry for Health Sciences provides an essential foundation in chemical concepts with a focus on their application in biological and health-related fields. The course covers core topics such as atomic structure, chemical bonding, states of matter, solutions, acids and bases, and the properties of organic and biochemical compounds. Emphasis is placed on understanding how chemical principles underlie physiological processes, pharmacology, and clinical diagnostics, equipping students with the knowledge necessary to interpret chemical phenomena in the context of health and medicine. This course prepares students for further studies and professional roles in health sciences by illustrating the vital role chemistry plays in human health and disease.
Recommended Textbook
Chemistry For Changing Times 14th Edition by John W. Hill
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Chapter 1: Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) On Mars,gravity is one-third that on Earth.What would be the weight on Mars of a person who has a weight of 200 pounds (lb)on Earth?
A)66.7 lb
B)133 lb
C)200 lb
D)600 lb
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following is a physical change?
A)Carbon combines with oxygen to form carbon dioxide.
B)Ice melts at 0°C.
C)A red substance is decomposed by heat to form mercury and oxygen.
D)Water is decomposed by electricity into hydrogen and oxygen.
Answer: B
Q3) What is the name of the element with the symbol Au?
A)silver
B)gold
C)plutonium
D)nickel
Answer: B
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Chapter 2: Atoms
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Sample Questions
Q1) Perhaps the greatest triumph of Mendeleev's periodic table was
A)the use of rows and columns to organize the elements.
B)the ability to predict electron configurations of elements.
C)the use of atomic numbers as an organizing criterion.
D)the prediction of the existence of undiscovered elements.
Answer: D
Q2) Dalton explained the Law of Conservation of Mass by stating that atoms are neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.Dalton's explanation is an example of a scientific
A)theory.
B)law.
C)hypothesis.
D)experiment.
Answer: A
Q3) John Dalton discovered which of the following laws?
A)The Law of Conservation of Mass
B)The Law of Definite Proportions
C)The Law of Constant Composition
D)The Law of Multiple Proportions
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Atomic Structure
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Sample Questions
Q1) Elements in the same period generally have
A)different properties.
B)similar properties.
C)similar number of neutrons.
D)similar chemical symbols.
Answer: A
Q2) How many electrons are there in a argon atom?
A)36
B)18
C)40
D)24
Answer: B
Q3) A neutral atom has the same number of A)electrons and neutrons.
B)electrons and nucleons.
C)electrons and protons.
D)neutrons and protons.
Answer: C
Q4) Potassium has ________ valence electron(s).
Answer: one
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Chapter 4: Chemical Bonds
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a molecule of nitrogen,N ,the nitrogen atoms are bonded to each other by A)an ionic bond.
B)a single covalent bond.
C)a double covalent bond.
D)a triple covalent bond.
Q2) Potassium reacts with iodine to form A)KI.
B)K I.
C)KI .
D)K I .
Q3) Which one of the following is a free radical?
A)H S
B)NO
C)NH
D)CF
Q4) Oxygen forms monatomic ions with a charge of A)2+.
B)3+.
C)1-.
D)2-.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Chemical Accounting
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Sample Questions
Q1) Avogadro's number is
A)6.02 × 10²³
B)6.02 × 10 ²³
C)3.02 × 10²
D)2.06 × 10³²
Q2) Atom economy is
A)the calculation of the number of atoms conserved in the desired product rather than in waste.
B)counting the atoms in the starting material and product.
C)having green by-products.
D)having green starting materials.
Q3) The following reaction is important in the removal of sulfur dioxide,a major source of acid rain,from the smokestacks of coal burning power plants.When the equation below is balanced,the coefficient of calcium oxide (commonly called "lime")is: CaO + SO + O CaSO
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Chapter 6: Gases, Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces
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Sample Questions
Q1) The volume of one mole of krypton at STP is
A)12.4 liters.
B)22.4 liters.
C)12.4 gallons.
D)6)02 × 10²³ liters.
Q2) Use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume occupied by 0.400 mol of nitrogen gas at 3.00 atm pressure and at 27°C.R = 0.0821 L * atm/(K*mol).
A)3)28 L
B)17.7 L
C)0)296 L
D)16.7 L
Q3) A gas
A)has a definite shape but no definite volume.
B)has a definite volume but no definite shape.
C)has both a definite shape and a definite volume.
D)has no definite shape and no definite volume.
Q4) A solution is a heterogeneous mixture.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Melting is the change from the ________ state to the ________ state.
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Acids and Bases
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Sample Questions
Q1) All of the following are bases EXCEPT
A)KOH.
B)HNO .
C)NH .
D)Ba(OH) .
Q2) Which of the following is the correct balanced equation for the neutralization of barium hydroxide with hydrochloric acid?
A)Ba(OH) + 2 HCl BaCl + 2 H O
B)BaOH + 2 HCl BaCl + H O
C)Ba(OH) + HCl BaCl + H O
D)BaOH + HCl BaCl + H O
Q3) Which of the following acids is responsible for the sour taste of yogurt?
A)acetic
B)citric
C)lactic
D)phosphoric
Q4) Many acid-base indicators can be extracted from fruit skins or flower petals.
A)True
B)False
Q5) List three strong acids.
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Chapter 8: Oxidation and Reduction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Many traditional oxidation methods are environmentally harmful.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Bread and potatoes are a source of A)carbohydrates.
B)zinc.
C)magnesium. D)water.
Q3) Silver is plated on copper by immersing a piece of copper into a solution containing silver ions.In the plating reaction,silver ions
A)are oxidized and are the oxidizing agent.
B)are oxidized and are the reducing agent.
C)are reduced and are the oxidizing agent.
D)are reduced and are the reducing agent.
Q4) A major advantage of lead storage batteries is that they are A)lightweight.
B)rechargeable.
C)disposable.
D)all of the above
Q5) The air that we breathe is composed of approximately ________% oxygen by volume.
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Chapter 9: Organic Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) What feature of carbon is probably most responsible for the fact that 95% of all compounds contain carbon? Discuss your answer briefly.
Q2) The structures that contains single bonds and an oxygen are A)alcohols and ethers.
B)aldehydes and ketones. C)carboxylic acids and esters. D)alkenes.
Q3) An example of an alkane is A)C H .
B)C H .
C)C H .
D)C H .
Q4) A cyclic hydrocarbon containing seven carbon atoms and two double bonds will have the formula
A)C H .
B)C H .
C)C H .
D)C H .
Q5) The name of the seven carbon alkane is ________.
Q6) The formula for the two carbon alkane is ________.
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Chapter 10: Polymers
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Sample Questions
Q1) What type of polymer is used for silly putty?
Q2) The first attempts to make synthetic polymers involved
A)combining monomers of ethylene to form polyethylene.
B)modifying a naturally occurring polymer to form celluloid.
C)compression molding.
D)the synthesis of polyamides.
Q3) Silicons are NOT used for A)lubricants.
B)garbage bags.
C)hydraulic fluids.
D)shoe polish.
Q4) The glass transition temperature,Tg,is the temperature above which the polymer becomes brittle.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a macromolecule?
Q6) Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs)are no longer used as plasticizers because they are considered to be an environmental hazard.
A)True
B)False
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Nuclear Chemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) Iodine-131 from radioactive fallout will concentrate in the thyroid gland.However,it has only a short half-life and therefore poses only minimal health risks to humans.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In the fission of uranium-235,which particle causes and propagates the chain reaction?
A)alpha particle
B)beta particle
C)neutron
D)electron
Q3) Strontium-90 from radioactive fallout poses a significant risk to human health because it is chemically similar to calcium and can be incorporated into bone.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Uranium-238 can undergo nuclear fission,but uranium-235 does not.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Chemistry of the Earth
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is NOT a major component of the earth's rocks and minerals?
A)carbonates
B)organic compounds
C)oxides
D)silicates
Q2) Cigarette smoke and asbestos fibers act in such a way that each enhances the action of the other.This is known as a(n)________ effect.
A)isotope
B)synergistic
C)dilution
D)concentration
Q3) Steel is formed by
A)heating iron at high temperature for a long time.
B)combining iron, carbon and transition metals such as chromium and nickel.
C)oxidizing some of the iron to iron oxides.
D)adding sand and heating to a high temperature.
Q4) Discuss energy advantages of using more aluminum and less steel in the construction of a car.
Q5) List two additional important metals,not including Fe,Cu and Al,and their uses.
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Chapter 13: Air
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gasoline-electric hybrid vehicles are significantly more efficient than conventional gasoline vehicles.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The presence of nitrogen dioxide in smog is most easily recognized by A)color.
B)low-hanging clouds. C)taste.
D)rain.
Q3) Nanoscale catalysts show great promise for making chemical processes more efficient and thus saving resources.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What factors would you need to include in a complete evaluation of the environmental cost of a gasoline-electric hybrid vehicle?
Q5) Sketch a diagram that illustrates the major parts of the atmosphere.
Q6) According to the EPA,second-hand smoke is a Class A carcinogen.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Water
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lakes and streams with limestone rock bottoms are less susceptible to A)high levels of BOD.
B)anaerobic organisms.
C)acidification.
D)low DO.
Q2) As the amount of organic material in a water system increases,the BOD
A)decreases.
B)remains constant.
C)increases.
D)cannot be predicted.
Q3) The saltiness of the oceans is A)decreasing slowly.
B)increasing slowly.
C)increasing rapidly.
D)constant.
Q4) Secondary treatment of sewage involves A)filtering and aeration.
B)settling and sludge removal.
C)chlorination.
D)Secondary sewage treatment involves all of the above.
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Chapter 15: Energy
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Sample Questions
Q1) A substance that burns readily and releases significant amounts of energy is a(n)
A)reducing agent.
B)fuel.
C)endotherm.
D)catalyst.
Q2) To make crude petroleum more useful,it must be
A)distilled.
B)filtered.
C)reduced.
D)washed with water.
Q3) Approximately what percentage of the energy used to support our current lifestyle comes from fossil fuels?
A)50%
B)35%
C)15%
D)over 85%
Q4) Raising the temperature of a reaction mixture is the same as increasing the ________ of the reacting molecules.
Q5) Discuss the use of biomass as an energy source.Give two examples.
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Chapter 16: Biochemistry
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Sample Questions
Q1) The main difference between starch and glycogen is that starch has alpha ( )linkages between glucose units while glycogen has beta ( )linkages.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Certain side chains (R groups)in amino acids are nonpolar.In the structure of a protein,nonpolar groups are generally found
A)on the interior of the protein structure, shielded from interaction with water molecules.
B)on the exterior of the protein structure, shielded from interaction with water molecules.
C)on the interior of the protein structure, maximizing their interaction with water molecules.
D)on the exterior of the protein structure, maximizing their interaction with water molecules.
Q3) A disulfide linkage in a protein is a(n)
A)ionic bond between sulfur atoms on different amino acids.
B)covalent bond between sulfur atoms on different amino acids.
C)hydrogen bond between sulfur atoms on different amino acids.
D)hydrophobic interaction between sulfur atoms on different amino acids.
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Food
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Sample Questions
Q1) Fiber in the diet appears to benefit individuals with all of the following EXCEPT
A)high blood pressure.
B)scurvy.
C)diabetes.
D)diverticulitis.
Q2) A lack of insulin will cause the liver to begin using fats for energy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Calcium is required in our daily diet.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The GRAS list indicates the generally recognized accepted as safe A)carcinogens.
B)essential vitamins.
C)illegal drugs.
D)food additives.
Q5) What is arteriosclerosis? Why does it often lead to heart attack or stroke?
Q6) What are the origins of the word "vitamin"?
Q7) Explain why sorbitol and xylitol can be used by diabetics.
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Chapter 18: Drugs
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Sample Questions
Q1) The only expectorant that the FDA panel has approved to be safe and effective is A)ephedrine.
B)codeine.
C)cocaine.
D)guaifenesin.
Q2) One of the disadvantages of sulfa drugs is A)damage to the kidneys. B)damage to the brain. C)that they cause euphoria.
D)damage to the liver.
Q3) Heroin is an easy to prepare derivative of A)morphine.
B)codeine. C)cocaine.
D)phenobarbital.
Q4) An antipyretic is a drug that reduces ________.
Q5) Different brands of naproxen contain different types of naproxen. A)True B)False
Q6) An important class of hormone mediators is the ________.
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Chapter 19: Fitness and Health
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following vitamins is NOT found in plants?
A)B
B)K
C)B
D)biotin
Q2) For someone on a diet,
A)only fat is lost.
B)fat and protein are lost.
C)only protein is lost.
D)only glycogen is lost.
Q3) Fast-twitch muscle fibers are best suited for anaerobic activity.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A smoker's breathing is less efficient because of ________ in the smoke.
A)NaI
B)Cu
C)SO
D)CO
Q5) Use pole vaulting as an example of how the chemistry of sports materials has enhanced athletic performance.
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Chapter 20: Chemistry Down on the Farm
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 1957,Clear Lake in California was sprayed with DDT such that the water contained 0.02 ppm of DDT.After a period of time,large fish in the lake were found to have DDT levels as high as 2000 ppm.Which of the following animals would be predicted to have DDT levels > 2000 ppm?
A)algae
B)hummingbirds
C)small fish
D)eagles
Q2) If the world's population is growing at the rate of 1.5% per year,how many years will it take for the world's population to double?
A)16
B)32
C)48
D)64
Q3) Identify the compound that is NOT a pesticide.
A)carbaryl.
B)atrazine.
C)cryolite.
D)boric acid.
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Chapter 21: Household Chemicals
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Sample Questions
Q1) A wax is a(n)
A)ether made from two long-chain alcohols.
B)ester made from a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain alcohol.
C)long-chain compound that contains both an alcohol group and an amino group.
D)amide made from a long-chain fatty acid and a long-chain amine.
Q2) A soap has a long hydrophilic tail and a charged hydrophobic head.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Bleaches are
A)oxidizing agents.
B)reducing agents.
C)brighteners.
D)detergents.
Q4) Astringents are used primarily in A)perfumes.
B)lipsticks.
C)antiperspirants.
D)hair spray.
Q5) Why are drain cleaners usually bases?
Q6) What is an optical brightener and how does it work?
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Chapter 22: Poisons
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Sample Questions
Q1) The "gold standard" for testing chemical toxicity is laboratory rats and mice.Which of the following is NOT a disadvantage of testing with rodents?
A)Rodent studies are expensive.
B)Rodents have metabolic or physiological differences so the results may not apply to humans.
C)Rodent studies have often involved unrealistically high exposures to the substances being tested.
D)Rodent studies are relatively fast to carry out.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT used to gather evidence about whether a compound causes cancer in humans?
A)bacterial screening for mutagenesis (the Ames test)
B)animal tests
C)measurement of birth defects
D)epidemiological studies
Q3) Organophosphorus compounds are used as
A)insecticides.
B)antiviral agents.
C)antipsychotic drugs.
D)antibiotics.
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