Chemistry for Health Sciences Practice Exam
Course Introduction
Chemistry for Health Sciences introduces students to the essential principles of chemistry as they apply to the human body and health-related fields. Topics include atomic structure, chemical bonding, reactions, solutions, acids and bases, and organic and biological compounds, with a focus on real-world applications in medicine, physiology, pharmaceuticals, and diagnostics. The course emphasizes understanding biochemical pathways, drug interactions, and laboratory techniques, equipping students with foundational knowledge required for advanced study and professional practice in health sciences.
Recommended Textbook
Organic Chemistry 8th Edition by Paula Yurkanis Bruice
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic
Structure and Bonding
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Sample Questions
Q1) Give the electronic configuration for N<sup>-3</sup>.
A)1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>
B)1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>3</sup>
C)1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>4</sup>
D)1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>
E)1s<sup>2</sup>2s<sup>2</sup>2p<sup>6</sup>3s<sup>1</sup>
Answer: D
Q2) BF<sub>3</sub> has a dipole moment of zero.Propose a structure for BF<sub>3</sub> that is consistent with this information.
Answer: BF<sub>3</sub> is trigonal planar. 11ea8a1c_2c6d_766e_b657_bfe266551fe1_TB1831_00
Q3) Which of the following contain(s)polar covalent bonds?
A)NH<sub>3</sub>
B)Na<sub>2</sub>O
C)H<sub>2</sub>
D)KF
E)both A and C
Answer: A
Q4) Draw the Lewis structure for CH<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>.
Answer: 11ea8a1c_2c63_6437_b657_ad9742f6e368_TB1831_00
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Chapter 2: Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry
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Q1) What is the pH of a 0.1 M solution of HCl? (Note: pK<sub>a</sub> for HCl is -6.)
A)6
B)-6
C)1
D)-8
E)-1
Answer: C
Q2) Consider the set of compounds,NH<sub>3</sub>,HF,and H<sub>2</sub>O.Rank these compounds in order of increasing acidity and discuss your rationale.
Answer: NH<sub>3</sub> < H<sub>2</sub>O < HF When determining relative acidity,it is often useful to look at the relative basicity of the conjugate bases.The stronger the acid,the weaker (more stable,less reactive)the conjugate base.In this case,one would look at the relative basicity of F<sup>-</sup>,OH<sup>-</sup>,and NH<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>.The relative strengths of these species can be gauged based on the electronegativity of the charged atom in each base.Since fluorine is the most electronegative,F<sup>-</sup> is the most stable,least reactive base in the group.This means that its conjugate acid,HF,is the strongest.
Q3) At what pH will 25% of a compound with a pKa of 5.3 be in its basic form?
Answer: 4.8
Page 4
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Chapter 3: An Introduction to Organic Compounds:
Nomenclature, physical Properties, and Structure
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Q1) Identify the compound with the highest bond angle.
A)the C-O-C bond in an ether
B)the C-N-C bond in a secondary amine
C)the C-N-C bond in a quaternary amine
D)the C-O-C bond in an alcohol
E)They are all equal.
Answer: C
Q2) Describe the source of angle strain and torsional strain present in cyclopropane. Answer: The angle strain arises from the compression of the ideal tetrahedral bond angle of 109.5° to 60°.The large torsional strain occurs since all C-H bonds on adjacent carbons are eclipsed.
Q3) The eclipsed and staggered forms of ethane are said to differ in A)molecular formula.
B)configuration.
C)conformation.
D)constitution.
E)structure.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Isomers: the Arrangement of Atoms in Space
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Q1) Which of the following statements correctly pertains to a pair of enantiomers?
A)They rotate the plane of polarized light by exactly the same amount and in opposite directions.
B)They rotate the plane of polarized light by differing amounts and in opposite directions.
C)They rotate the plane of polarized light by differing amounts and in the same direction.
D)They have different melting points.
E)They have the same melting point,but they have different boiling points.
Q2) A sample of (+)and (-)-3-chlorohexane has a rotation of -20 degrees.Pure (+)-3-chlorohexane has a rotation of +40 degrees.Calculate the enantiomeric excess and the amount of (-)and (+)-3-chlorohexane in the original sample.
Q3) Draw the structure of (2S,3R)-dichloropentane.Take particular care to indicate three-dimensional stereochemistry detail properly.
Q4) Provide a perspective drawing of the enantiomer of (2R,3S)-1,2,3-trichloropentane.
Q5) Draw the structure of a meso form of 1,3-dichlorocyclopentane.Take particular care to indicate three-dimensional stereochemistry detail properly.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Alkenes: Structure,nomenclature,and an
Introduction to Reactivity - Thermodynamics and Kinetics
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Q1) Muscalure,the sex attractant of the common housefly,is an acyclic alkene that contains 23 carbons.How many hydrogen atoms are in a molecule of muscalure?
Q2) Given an activation energy of 15 kcal/mol,use the Arrhenius equation to estimate how much faster the reaction will occur if the temperature is increased from 100°C to 120°C.R = 1.987 cal/mol K.
Q3) Draw the structure of two alkenes with molecular formula C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub> that do not exhibit cis-trans isomerism.
Q4) Which of the following contributes to make G° more negative?
A)use of a catalyst
B)a more positive H°
C)a more positive S°
D)a larger rate constant
E)none of the above
Q5) Consider the conversion of C to D via a one-step mechanism.The activation energy of this conversion is 3 kcal/mol.The energy difference between D and the transition state of the reaction is 7 kcal/mol.Estimate H° for the reaction C D.
Q6) Draw the structure of (Z)-4-ethyl-3,6-dimethyl-3-heptene.
Q7) Why do reactions tend to proceed at a faster rate as T increases?
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Chapter 6: The Reactions of Alkenes - the Stereochemistry
of Addition Reactions
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Q1) Give the types of products formed from the bromination and catalytic hydrogenation (using D<sub>2</sub>)of cyclohexene.
Q2) Identify the products of cis-3-methyl-3-hexene with hydrogen bromide.
A)(2R,3S)-3-bromo-3-methylhexane
B)(2R,3R)-3-bromo-3-methylhexane
C)(2S,3R)-3-bromo-3-methylhexane
D)(2S,3S)-3-bromo-3-methylhexane
E)all of the above answers
Q3) What is the major product from the acid-catalyzed hydration of 2-methyl-2-pentene?
A)2-methylpentane
B)2-methyl-1-pentanol
C)2-methyl-2-pentanol
D)2-methyl-3-pentanol
E)1-methoxypentane
Q4) Based on the relative stabilities of the intermediates involved,explain the basis for Markovnikov's rule in the addition of hydrogen halides to alkenes.
Q5) Which is more highly regioselective the addition of HCl to methylenecyclohexane or to 1-methylcyclohexene? Explain.
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Chapter 7: The Reactions of Alkynes - Introduction to Multistep Synthesis
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Q1) Which of the following compounds is the major product when 1-hexyne is treated with excess HBr?
A)1,1-dibromohexane
B)1,1-dibromohexene
C)1,2-dibromohexene
D)1,2-dibromohexane
E)2,2-dibromohexane
Q2) ________ is produced when 1 equivalent of HBr is added to 1-hexyne.
A)2-bromo-1-hexene
B)E-1-bromo-1-hexene
C)Z-1-bromo-1-hexene
D)A mixture of E and Z isomers of 1-bromo-1-hexene
E)E-2-bromo-2-hexene
Q3) Provide the structure of the intermediate which forms in the first step of the reaction of 1-butyne with water in the presence of H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>/HgSO<sub>4</sub>.
Q4) Provide the structure of all distinct terminal alkynes with a molecular formula of C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>.
Q5) Draw an acceptable structure for 2-hexyne.
Q6) Give the IUPAC name for HCCCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>. Page 9
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Page 10
Electronic Effects: an Introduction to the Reactions of
Benzene
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Q1) Draw (Z)-1,3-hexadiene in its s-trans conformation.
Q2) Which of the following terms best describes a Diels-Alder reaction?
A)a [4+2] cycloaddition
B)a [2+2] cycloaddition
C)a sigmatropic rearrangement
D)a 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition
E)a substitution reaction
Q3) Aromatic molecules contain ________ electrons.
A)no
B)4n + 2 (with n an integer)
C)4n + 2 (where n = 0.5)
D)4n (with n an integer)
E)unpaired
Q4) Classify cyclopentadienyl cation as aromatic,antiaromatic,or nonaromatic.Assume planarity of the network.
Page 11
Q5) Provide a diagram which depicts the relative energies of the molecular orbitals of benzene.Show which molecular orbitals are filled in benzene's ground state.
Q6) Mark the most electron-rich carbon atom in the compound below with an asterisk.
Q7) Give the hybridization,shape,and bond angle of a carbon in benzene.
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12
Chapter 9: Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides
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Q1) Assuming no other changes,what is the effect of doubling only the concentration of the alkyl halide in the above S<sub>N</sub>1 reaction?
A)no change
B)doubles the rate
C)triples the rate
D)quadruples the rate
E)rate is halved
Q2) Which of the following is the strongest nucleophile in an aqueous solution?
A)HO<sup>-</sup>
B)F<sup>-</sup>
C)Cl<sup>-</sup>
D)Br<sup>-</sup>
E)I<sup>-</sup>
Q3) Provide the structure of the major organic product in the following reaction.
(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>N + CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>I
Q4) Identify the alkyl halide that reacts the fastest in an S<sub>N</sub>2 reaction.
A)1-chloropropane
B)1-bromopropane
C)1-fluoropropane
D)1-iodopropane
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Chapter 10: Reactions of Alcohols, ethers, epoxides, amines and
Sulfur-Containing Compounds
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Sample Questions
Q1) How are certain arene oxides believed to cause cancer?
Q2) Which of the following alcohols will react most rapidly with the Lucas reagent (HCl,ZnCl<sub>2</sub>)?
A)(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>COH
B)CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH
C)CH<sub>3</sub>CHOHCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
D)(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCH<sub>2</sub>OH
Q3) When (R)-2-butanol is treated with TsCl in pyridine,the product formed is
A)an achiral compound
B)a mixture of diastereomers
C)a racemic mixture
D)a single enantiomer
E)none of the above
Q4) Which of the following reagents is best used in the conversion of methyl alcohol to methyl chloride?
A)Cl<sub>2</sub>/CCl<sub>4</sub>
B)Cl<sub>2</sub>/h
C)Cl<sup>-</sup>
D)SOCl<sub>2</sub>
E)NaCl
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Chapter 11: Organometallic Compounds
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Q1) What two-word name is given to a reaction that breaks the carbon-carbon double bond and then rejoins the fragments with the double bonds forming in a different location?
Q2) In palladium catalyzed coupling reactions,the first step is called
A)oxidative elimination.
B)reductive addition.
C)oxidative addition.
D)reductive elimination.
E)none of the above.
Q3) How would one use a Grignard-based synthesis to accomplish the following transformation?
benzyl bromide (PhCH<sub>2</sub>Br)to 3-phenyl-1-propanol
Q4) Schrock catalysts are based on A)palladium.
B)copper.
C)tungsten.
D)molybdenum.
E)C and D.
Q5) Is an organolithium reagent more reactive than the comparable Grignard reagent or less reactive? Explain briefly.
Page 15
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Chapter 12: Radicals
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Sample Questions
Q1) Rank the following fractions which result from the fractional distillation of petroleum in order of increasing boiling point: asphalt,gasoline,kerosene,natural gas,heating oil.
Q2) What sequence of reagents can be used to convert 3,3-dimethylpentane into 3,3-dimethyl-2-pentanone?
Q3) Which of the following is the best description of propane,CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>,at room temperature?
A)liquid,soluble in H<sub>2</sub>O
B)gas,soluble in gasoline
C)liquid,soluble in gasoline
D)gas,soluble in water
E)solid,soluble in gasoline
Q4) How many electrons are contained in the p orbital of the methyl radical?
A)zero
B)one
C)two
D)three
Q5) Provide the reagents necessary for carrying out the transformation of 2-methylheptane to 2-methyl-2-heptene.
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Chapter 13: Mass Spectrometry,infrared Spectroscopy,and Uvvis Spectroscopy
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Q1) In the UV-visible spectrum of (E)-1,3,5-hexatriene,the lowest energy absorption corresponds to
A)a to * transition.
B)a to * transition.
C)a to * transition.
D)a to * transition.
E)a to transition.
Q2) Which compound has the lowest carbonyl absorption frequency in an infrared spectrum?
A)ester
B)ketone
C)amide
D)aldehyde
E)carboxylic acid
Q3) Deduce a possible structure for the compound with the IR absorptions below. C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub>O: 3000,1750 cm<sup>-1</sup>
Q4) What does "m/z" stand for and what does it mean?
Q5) The mass spectrum of an unknown compound has a molecular ion peak with a relative abundance of 43.27% and an M + 1 peak with a relative abundance of 3.81%.How many carbon atoms are in the compound?
Page 17
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Chapter 14: Nmr Spectroscopy
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Q1) Can alkenes and aromatics be easily distinguished from each other in an <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectrum?
Q2) Provide the structure that is consistent with the data below.
C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>2</sub> IR (cm<sup>-1</sup>): 2950,1720 <sup>1</sup>H NMR ( ): 3.6 (s,3H),2.5 (septet,1H),0.9 (d,6H) <sup>13</sup>C NMR ( ): 190 (s),55 (q),40 (d),16 (q)
Q3) Deduce the identity of the following compound from the spectral data given. C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>12</sub> : <sup>13</sup>C NMR, 21.3 (quartet),127.2 (doublet),138.0 (singlet)(ppm)
Q4) Deduce the identity of the compound from the data provided. C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>O<sub>2</sub>: IR (cm<sup>-1</sup>): 2950,1740; <sup>13</sup>C NMR ( ,splitting): 15.8 (q),19.7 (q),68.4 (d),195.3 (s)
Q5) What multiplicities are observed in the spin coupled <sup>13</sup>C NMR spectrum of 2,3-dimethyl-2-butene?
Q6) Deduce the structure from the data given: C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>O; <sup>1</sup>H NMR (integration,coupling): 0.9 (9H,s),1.5 (2H,t),3.5 (3H,s),3.8 (2H,t).
Q7) What information does a COSY spectrum give?
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Chapter 15: Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives
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Q1) What are the products of the reaction of benzoic acid with thionyl chloride?
Q2) Which is the weakest base?
A)Cl<sup>-</sup>
B)RCOO<sup>-</sup>
C)RO<sup>-</sup>
D)HO<sup>-</sup>
E)H<sub>2</sub>N<sup>-</sup>
Q3) Which of the following esters undergoes hydrolysis in base most easily?
A)CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>
B)(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>CHCH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> C)C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>3</sub>
D)p-CH<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>3</sub> E)p-NO<sub>2</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>O<sub>2</sub>CCH<sub>3</sub>
Q4) How are acyl phosphates produced in the body? What organic byproduct results?
Q5) Provide the proper IUPAC name for (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>CCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH(CN)CH<sub>3</s ub>.
Q6) Provide the structure of the tetrahedral intermediate in the reaction of sodium methoxide with propanoyl chloride.
Q7) Why are -lactams,such as penicillins and cephalosporins,unusually reactive Page 19
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Chapter 16: Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
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Q1) Provide the structure of the compound that results when 4-heptanone is treated with peroxyacetic acid.
Q2) Draw the structure of 3,3-dimethyl-4-oxopentanal.
Q3) Conversion of aldehydes and ketones to imines is an acid-catalyzed process.Explain why this conversion is actually hindered by the presence of too much acid.
Q4) Provide a detailed,stepwise mechanism for the acid-catalyzed reaction of 2-butanone with ethylene glycol (HOCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH)to produce an acetal.
Q5) Which of the following most typically characterizes the reactions of aldehydes and ketones?
A)electrophilic addition
B)electrophilic substitution
C)nucleophilic acyl substitution
D)nucleophilic addition
E)radical addition
Q6) Provide the proper IUPAC name for CH<sub>3</sub>CHOHCH<sub>2</sub>COCH<sub>2</sub>C(CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</ sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>.
Q7) What reagent can be used to convert benzophenone into triphenylmethanol?
Page 21
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Chapter 17: Reactions at the -Carbon
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Q1) (a)The base-catalyzed reaction of 1 mole of acetone with 2 moles of benzaldehyde yields a yellow solid,C<sub>17</sub>H<sub>14</sub>O.What is the structure of the product?
(b)What will be the result when only 1 mole of benzaldehyde is added?
(c)What will be the result when acetone is not added at all?
(d)What will be the result when benzaldehyde is not added at all?
(e)Why is the self-condensation of acetone unlikely in the presence of benzaldehyde?
Q2) Provide a detailed,stepwise mechanism for the acid-catalyzed enolization of acetaldehyde.
Q3) What two starting materials yield OHCCH<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub> as the mixed Claisen condensation product?
Q4) A -keto ester is a product in which of the following reactions?
A)Aldol condensation
B)Claisen condensation
C)Dieckmann condensation
D)Robinson annulation
E)Michael addition
Q5) How would you convert cyclohexene to 2-methylcyclohexanone?
Q6) Provide a detailed,stepwise mechanism for the -bromination of acetone in base.
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Chapter 18: Reactions of Benzene and Substituted
Benzenes
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Q1) Which of the following aromatic rings is alkylated most rapidly by CH<sub>3</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>Cl/AlCl<sub>3</sub>?
A)benzene
B)ethylbenzene
C)chlorobenzene
D)benzenesulfonic acid
E)nitrobenzene
Q2) Draw the four major resonance structures of the intermediate which results when o-nitrochlorobenzene is treated with NaOH.
Q3) What sequence of reagents can be used to make p-butylbenzenesulfonic acid from benzene?
Q4) Provide the structure of dibenzyl ether.
Q5) Name the major organic product which results when 4-ethylbenzenesulfonic acid is heated in aqueous acid.
Q6) Draw the three major resonance structures of the carbocation intermediate in the reaction of acetophenone with HNO<sub>3</sub>/H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub> to yield o-nitroacetophenone.Circle the resonance form which is less stable than the other two.
Q7) What sequence of reagents can be used to make m-butylbenzoic acid from benzene? Page 23
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Chapter 19: More About Amines - Reactions of Heterocylic Compounds
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Q1) Which heterocyclic ring is present in cytosine DNA base?
A)pyrrole
B)purine
C)pyrimidine
D)porphyrin
E)pyridine
Q2) Which heterocyclic ring is present in heme?
A)pyrrole
B)purine
C)pyrimidine
D)pyridine
E)porphyrin
Q3) Which of the following chloropyridines readily undergo nucleophilic substitution upon treatment with NaCN?
A)2-chloropyridine
B)3-chloropyridine
C)4-chloropyridine
D)both A and B
E)both A and C
Q4) Pyridine does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reactions.Offer an explanation.
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Chapter 20: The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates
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Q1) When -D-xylofuranose is treated with excess methyl iodide in the presence of Ag<sub>2</sub>O,how many equivalents of methyl iodide react with each equivalent of the furanose?
A)0
B)1
C)4
D)5
E)6
Q2) Which of the following would give a positive Tollen's test?
A) -D-glucopyranose
B)methyl -D-glucopyranoside
C)sucrose
D)methyl -D-ribofuranoside
E)none of the above
Q3) How many chirality centers are there in an aldohexose?
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)5
E)6
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Chapter 21: Amino Acids,peptides,and Proteins
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Q1) Peptidases cause the
A)hydrolysis of peptide bonds.
B)formation of peptide bonds.
C)hydrolysis of disulfide bonds.
D)formation of disulfide bonds.
E)all of the above.
Q2) Which of the following terms best describes the side chain of valine?
A)acidic
B)basic
C)charged,polar
D)uncharged,polar
E)nonpolar
Q3) The conversion of thiols to disulfide represents a(n) A)oxidation.
B)reduction.
C)elimination.
D)substitution.
E)tautomerization.
Q4) Draw the dipeptide Val-Tyr at pH 7.0.
Q5) Provide the Fischer projection of L-aspartic acid.
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Chapter 22: Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions
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Q1) Which of the following is the main difference among the active sites of all serine proteases?
A)the presence of serine residue at the active site
B)the size and charge of the pocket at the active site
C)the presence of histidine residue at the active site
D)the presence of aspartate at the active site
E)the hydrolysis of the peptide bond
Q2) How do enzymes differ from nonbiological catalysts?
A)They have specificity for the substrate.
B)They have lower molecular weights than nonbiological catalysts.
C)They require higher pressure to be functional.
D)They require lower pH to be functional.
E)They are more polar than nonbiological catalysts.
Q3) Which of the following sets of parameters are all altered when a reaction is carried out in the presence of a catalyst?
A) G°, H°,K<sub>eq</sub>
B)E<sub>a</sub>,free energy of activation,k<sub>rate</sub>
C) G°,k<sub>rate</sub>,K<sub>eq</sub>
D) H°,DS°,E<sub>a</sub>
E) H°, S°,k<sub>rate</sub>
Page 28
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Chapter 23: The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes, compounds
Derived From Vitamins
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Q1) The thiazolium ring of ________ acts as electron sink when it participates in metabolic reactions.
A)TTP
B)CoASH
C)PLP
D)THF
E)FAD
Q2) Which of the following is not true about catabolic reactions?
A)Catabolic reactions require NAD<sup>+</sup> for a coenzyme.
B)Catabolic reactions are most often oxidation reactions.
C)Catabolic reactions are most often reduction reactions.
D)Catabolic reactions require an oxidizing coenzyme.
E)Catabolic reactions break down complex molecules into simpler ones.
Q3) Identify the first step in the mechanism for the vitamin KH<sub>2</sub>-dependent carboxylation of glutamate.
A)The vitamin K base removes a proton from the gamma-carbon of the gluatamate.
B)The vitamin loses a proton from a phenolic OH group.
C)The dioxetane collapses to form a vitamin K base.
D)The base attacks molecular oxygen.
E)The glutamate carbanion attacks carbon dioxide.
Page 29
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Chapter 24: The Organic Chemistry of the Metabolic Pathways
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Q1) Of the following compounds,which are consumed in any step of the glycolytic conversion of glucose to pyruvate: ATP,ADP,NAD<sup>+</sup>,NADH,FAD,FADH<sub>2</sub>,Acetyl-CoA.
Q2) Draw the chair form of the compound that results when D-glucopyranose reacts with ATP in the presence of an enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of the 6-OH group.
Q3) What is gluconeogenesis?
Q4) Identify the first step of the citric acid cycle.
A)Citrate is converted to isocitrate.
B)Conjugate addition of water to the double bond of fumarate forms (S)-malate.
C)Acetyl-CoA reacts with oxaloacetate to form citrate.
D)FAD oxidizes succinate to fumarate.
E)The secondary alcohol of isocitrate is oxidized to a ketone by NAD<sup>+</sup> and the ketone loses CO<sub>2</sub>.
Q5) What carbon of the ribose residue in ATP is phosphorylated?
A)anomeric center
B)5'
C)4'
D)3'
E)2'
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Chapter 25: The Organic Chemistry of Lipids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lycopene is a
A)monoterpene.
B)sesquiterpene.
C)diterpene.
D)triterpene.
E)tetraterpene.
Q2) Which of the following statements is not true about fatty acids?
A)Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long hydrocarbon side chains.
B)The double bonds in unsaturated fatty acids are always conjugated.
C)Most naturally occurring fatty acids contain even numbers of carbons and are unbranched.
D)Fatty acids can be saturated or unsaturated.
E)Physical properties of fatty acids depend on the length of the hydrocarbon chain and the degree of unsaturation.
Q3) The C:H ratio present in most terpenes is
A)1:2
B)2:3
C)1:3
D)3:8
E)5:8
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Chapter 26: The Chemistry of the Nucleic Acids
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is not true about retroviruses?
A)The genetic information is contained in RNA.
B)The genetic information flows from DNA to RNA.
C)Drugs have been designed to interfere with the synthesis of DNA by retroviruses.
D)AZT is a design drug that was synthesized to combat the HIV retrovirus.
E)The retrovirus uses the sequence of bases in RNA as a template to synthesize DNA which enters and infects the host cell.
Q2) Identify the bonding in DNA between the nucleotides.
A)5' to 4'
B)5' to 3'
C)3' to 5'
D)4' to 3'
E)3' to 4'
Q3) Which of the following statements best describes the meaning of transcription?
A)It is the synthesis of rRNA from a DNA blueprint.
B)It is synonymous with replication.
C)It is the synthesis of identical copies from a DNA blueprint.
D)It is the synthesis of mRNA from a DNA blueprint.
E)It is the synthesis of tRNA from a DNA blueprint.
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Chapter 27: Synthetic Polymers
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Q1) Draw a short segment of neoprene,using four monomers.
Q2) What are elastomers?
A)elastic organic molecules that are added to polymers to make them harder
B)plastics that stretch and then revert to their original shape
C)polymers that are soft and sticky
D)plastics that are hard and brittle
E)elastic molecules that are added to polymers to make them stretch more
Q3) Chain-growth polymerization proceeds by which of the following mechanisms?
A)radical polymerization
B)cationic polymerization
C)anionic polymerization
D)A and B
E)A,B,and C
Q4) Which of the following polymers is used in bullet-proof vests?
A)Nylon 66
B)Kevlar
C)Mylar
D)Lexan
E)Teflon
Q5) Describe what thermoplastic polymers are.
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Chapter 28: Pericyclic Reactions
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Q1) In the allyl radical,which molecular orbital is singly occupied?
A)the bonding molecular orbital
B)the nonbonding molecular orbital
C)the antibonding molecular orbital
D)none of the above
Q2) Which of the following statements best describes the theory of Conservation of Orbital Symmetry?
A)Molecular orbital of the transition state must be similar to that of the reactant.
B)Molecular orbital of the transition state must be similar to that of the product.
C)Only s orbitals from reactants and products are utilized.
D)Molecular orbitals of reactant and product must have similar symmetry.
E)Molecular orbitals of reactant and product must have different symmetry.
Q3) Is the thermal [4+2] cycloaddition between allylanion and ethylene an allowed one?
To answer,draw the HOMO of allyl anion and the LUMO of ethylene,and comment on the symmetry match of the two.
Q4) Explain what a node is and how it is formed.
Q5) Give a representation of the antibonding molecular orbital of the allyl anion.
Q6) What characterizes a pericyclic reaction?
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