Chemistry and Society Exam Questions

Course Introduction

Chemistry and Society explores the fundamental principles of chemistry and their relevance to everyday life, focusing on how chemical processes impact societal issues such as health, the environment, energy, and technology. The course examines the role of chemical substances in consumer products, industrial processes, and environmental challenges, emphasizing scientific literacy and critical thinking. Students analyze contemporary topics like pollution, sustainability, alternative energy sources, and ethical considerations in chemical research, gaining an appreciation for the influence of chemistry on modern society and informed decision-making.

Recommended Textbook Chemistry For Changing Times 14th Edition by John

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Page 2

W. Hill

Chapter 1: Chemistry

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Sample Questions

Q1) The gravity on the moon is one-sixth that on Earth.What would be the weight of an object on Earth if it has a weight of 40 kg on the moon?

A)6)7 kg

B)13.3 kg

C)40 kg

D)240 kg

Answer: D

Q2) Composition and structure are both terms used to describe the kinds of atoms that are present in a substance.

A)True

B)False

Answer: False

Q3) Science does not prove a theory or hypothesis to be true.It can only prove something false.

A)True

B)False

Answer: True

Q4) The purification of water by distillation is a(n)________ process. Answer: physical

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Chapter 2: Atoms

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Q1) Which one of the following does NOT occur in a chemical reaction?

A)Matter is rearranged.

B)Matter is conserved.

C)Atoms react with other atoms.

D)Atoms are changed into other atoms.

Answer: D

Q2) Mendeleev's periodic table organized elements in a systematic way.Which of the following attempted to arrange elements in a systematic way and can be considered a "precursor" of the modern periodic table?

A)Dalton's Atomic Theory

B)Dalton's Atomic Masses

C)Döbereiner's Triads

D)Berzelius's Atomic Weights

Answer: C

Q3) For which of the following would recycling of iron NOT be practical?

A)old cars that are compressed in junkyards

B)steel beams that have been removed from a bridge

C)rust that flakes off a car body

D)wrought iron fences

Answer: C

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Chapter 3: Atomic Structure

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Sample Questions

Q1) Based upon the experiments of his co-workers,Rutherford proposed that A)atoms are mostly empty space.

B)most of the mass of atoms is located in a dense, small volume nucleus.

C)the nucleus is positively charged.

D)all of the above

Answer: D

Q2) When an electron in an excited atom "falls down" to a lower energy level,the excited atom emits a characteristic A)electron.

B)neutron.

C)photon.

D)proton.

Answer: C

Q3) A line spectrum is to an element as a(n)________ is to a person.

A)brain

B)eye

C)fingerprint

D)ear

Answer: C

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Chapter 4: Chemical Bonds

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Sample Questions

Q1) Why do chemists use the Lewis symbols to represent chlorine and sodium rather than drawing the electron diagrams of each element before and after the reaction?

A)Lewis symbols are easier to use.

B)Lewis symbols are more scientific.

C)Lewis symbols are more accurate.

D)Lewis symbols are more abstract.

Q2) Draw the electron dot formula for carbon monoxide,CO.

Q3) Mg² has the same electronic structure as A)Ne.

B)Mg.

C)C)

D)Ar.

Q4) Write the electron dot symbol for selenium.

Q5) In reactions to form ionic compounds,nonmetals generally A)lose electrons.

B)gain electrons.

C)become metals.

D)do not react.

Q6) What is the formula of potassium sulfate?

Q7) What is the formula of iron(III)phosphate?

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Chapter 5: Chemical Accounting

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the mass of 0.500 mol of NH ?

A)8)50 g

B)3)40 g

C)7)50 g

D)34.0 g

Q2) Tin was among the first metals used by humans.Elemental tin is produced by heating tin(IV)oxide,the principal ore of tin,with carbon.The products of this reaction are tin and carbon dioxide.When the equation is written and balanced,the coefficient of carbon is

A)1

B)2

C)3

D)4

Q3) When oxygen,O ,is passed through an electrical spark (lightning is a good natural source of an electrical spark),ozone,O ,is formed.When the equation is balanced,the coefficient of oxygen is A)1

B)2

C)3

D)4

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Chapter 6: Gases, Liquids, Solids, and Intermolecular Forces

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Sample Questions

Q1) Temperatures must be converted to the Celsius temperature scale when Charles's Law is used.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Assume that you have a sample of a gas.You know the volume,the temperature and the number of moles of the sample.Which of the following laws would you use if you wanted to calculate the pressure of the sample?

A)Boyle's Law

B)Charles's Law

C)Law of Combining Volumes

D)Ideal Gas Law

Q3) All of the following statements about scCO are correct EXCEPT

A)It can dissolve substances, just as liquids can.

B)It flows rapidly, just as gases do.

C)It causes cancer.

D)It can make processes occur more rapidly.

Q4) Carbon dioxide is an example of a supercritical fluid.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Melting is the change from the ________ state to the ________ state.

Page 8

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Chapter 7: Acids and Bases

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Sample Questions

Q1) List three strong acids.

Q2) Phenolphthalein has often been used to monitor the progress of an acid-base neutralization reaction.What color will phenolphthalein be when there is an excess of acid present?

A)colorless

B)green

C)pink

D)yellow

Q3) Which substance has the highest pH?

A)bile

B)lemon juice

C)pure water

D)milk of magnesia

Q4) Which of the following is a correct definition of a base that is not dependent upon the solvent?

A)Bases produce hydronium ions.

B)Bases are proton donors.

C)Bases produce hydroxide ions.

D)Bases are proton acceptors.

Q5) Why are acids sometimes referred to as "proton donors?"

Page 9

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Chapter 8: Oxidation and Reduction

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Sample Questions

Q1) Nickel,platinum,and palladium are used as catalysts for reactions for hydrogen.These metals have

A)great catalytic activity and not much of surface area, so hydrogen absorbed on the surface of these metals is less reactive than ordinary hydrogen gas.

B)great catalytic activity and lots of surface area, so hydrogen absorbed on the surface of these metals is more reactive than ordinary hydrogen gas.

C)little catalytic activity and lots of surface area, so hydrogen absorbed on the surface of these metals is more reactive than ordinary hydrogen gas.

D)great catalytic activity and lots of surface area, so hydrogen absorbed on the surface of these metals is less reactive than ordinary hydrogen gas.

Q2) Which of the following statements about the rusting of iron is true?

A)Iron is reduced in the presence of oxygen.

B)Iron is oxidized in the presence of oxygen.

C)The iron(III)hydroxide forms a hard coating that protects the iron from undergoing further corrosion.

D)Iron will rust more quickly in the absence of water.

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Page 10

Chapter 9: Organic Chemistry

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Sample Questions

Q1) What is the name of the compound with a formula CH CH CH CH ?

A)methane

B)ethane

C)propane

D)butane

Q2) This substance used as an analgesic was first isolated from willow bark.

A)heptane

B)formic acid

C)salicylic acid

D)isopropyl alcohol

Q3) The simplest aldehyde is A)acetone.

B)formaldehyde.

C)propionaldehyde.

D)methanol.

Q4) The carboxyl functional group contains both a carbonyl group and an amino group. A)True

B)False

Q5) How is it that a class of compounds as chemically inert as the CFCs can pose an environmental problem like the destruction of the ozone layer?

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Chapter 10: Polymers

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Sample Questions

Q1) All polymers are made from synthetic sources.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Which of the following characteristics of synthetic polymers is NOT a problem?

A)They frequently are neither biodegradable nor photodegradable.

B)They frequently give off poisonous gases when they are burned.

C)They generally have a high energy content and can be burned.

D)They make up a large volume of the waste which goes into landfills.

Q3) A copolymer is composed of

A)two or more different monomers.

B)different polymers linked end to end.

C)different polymers cross-linked.

D)none of the above

Q4) The first "practical" application of celluloid was

A)billiard balls.

B)movie film.

C)stiff collars.

D)airplane wings.

Q5) Sulfur acts as a cross-linker when rubber is vulcanized.Explain why this cross-linking improves the performance of rubber.

Page 12

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Chapter 11: Nuclear Chemistry

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Sample Questions

Q1) Which of the following was NOT a goal of the Manhattan project?

A)to isolate enriched uranium-235

B)to produce plutonium-239

C)constructing a bomb based on nuclear fission

D)to determine the amount of uranium-235 needed for an atomic power plant

Q2) If it were possible to obtain a cubic centimeter of pure atomic nuclei,its mass would be approximately

A)1 g.

B)19 g.

C)1)0 × 10 metric tons.

D)1 kg.

Q3) Which of the following resulted in the first demonstration of artificial transmutation?

A)Rutherford's bombardment of nitrogen-14 with alpha particles

B)Fermi and Segre's bombardment of uranium atoms with neutrons

C)the change of lead into gold by alchemists in the 14th century

D)Goldstein's production of protons in a gas discharge tube

Q4) Radioactive dating can only be used to date very old objects.

A)True

B)False

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Chapter 12: Chemistry of the Earth

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Sample Questions

Q1) Fire was one of the earliest agents that enabled chemical changes.

A)True

B)False

Q2) The best way to dispose of municipal solid waste is to incinerate it,because incinerators do not produce air pollution.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Limestone is added to the iron producing mixture in a furnace to A)add carbon to the mixture.

B)provide an additional reducing agent to extract all of the iron from the ore.

C)combine with silicates to remove impurities in the form of a slag.

D)produce a more corrosion resistant iron.

Q4) One of the major problems associated with the production of glass is A)the amount of energy required.

B)the amount of sand required.

C)the amount of limestone required.

D)the amount of sodium carbonate.

Q5) China produces most of the rare earth metals in the world.

A)True

B)False

Page 14

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Chapter 13: Air

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Sample Questions

Q1) Even if all CFC production could be stopped today,the ozone depletion problem in the stratosphere would continue for many years because

A)some nations would not follow the ban.

B)CFCs are produced naturally in the troposphere.

C)CFCs are widespread and very stable in the troposphere.

D)ozone is naturally depleted by sunlight.

Q2) Low level carbon monoxide exposure over a long period of time places stress on the heart.

A)True

B)False

Q3) Air pollution is a worldwide problem today.

A)True

B)False

Q4) A single CFC molecule will result in the destruction of a single O molecule.

A)True

B)False

Q5) One of the steps in the nitrogen cycle produces nitrogen dioxide.

A)True

B)False

Q6) What is the "greenhouse effect"?

Page 15

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Chapter 14: Water

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Sample Questions

Q1) Zeolites can often be regenerated simply by soaking them in a salt solution.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Under aerobic conditions,microorganisms ________ organic matter; under anaerobic conditions,microorganisms ________ organic matter.

Q3) The Clean Water Act has had no impact on water quality over the past two decades.

A)True

B)False

Q4) The EPA drinking water standard for arsenic is 0.050 mg/L.What is this concentration in ppb?

A)0)050

B)5)0

C)50.

D)5)0 × 10³

Q5) It is estimated that approximately ________ people in the world do not have an adequate supply of fresh water and ________ live without basic sanitation.

Q6) Water has a relatively ________ heat capacity.

Q7) Why is it virtually impossible to find pure water on Earth?

Page 16

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Chapter 15: Energy

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Sample Questions

Q1) When coal containing sulfur is burned,the sulfur is converted to A)gaseous sulfur oxides that go up the smokestack.

B)liquid sulfur oxides that stay behind as ash.

C)solid sulfur oxides that stay behind as ash.

D)Sulfur is converted to all of the above.

Q2) When the overall equation for the photosynthesis process is written and balanced,how many molecules of water are required to make one glucose molecule,C H O ?

A)1

B)3

C)6

D)12

Q3) The most energy efficient method for converting biomass into useful energy is to A)ferment sugars and starches from plants to form ethanol, which can be burned.

B)distill wood in the absence of air to form methanol, which can be burned.

C)use bacteria to break down plant material to produce methane.

D)burn the plant material directly.

Q4) Used oil from fast food restaurants can be used in making biodiesel fuel.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Define a fuel.Give an example.Include a balanced chemical reaction.

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Chapter 16: Biochemistry

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Sample Questions

Q1) An organic molecule that must bind to an enzyme to make it function properly is a(n)

A)apoenzyme.

B)coenzyme.

C)extremophile.

D)isomerase.

Q2) The main difference between starch and glycogen is that starch has alpha ( )linkages between glucose units while glycogen has beta ( )linkages.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The most important feature that distinguishes one DNA molecule from another is (are)

A)the type of phosphate bonds.

B)the type of sugar in each molecule.

C)the order of the bases attached to the sugar phosphate backbone.

D)all of the above features

Q4) The glucose units in starch are joined by ________ linkages,while those in cellulose are joined by ________ linkages.

Q5) Fats are esters of ________ and glycerol.

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Chapter 17: Food

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Q1) Which additive serves no nutritive function?

A)KI

B)FeCO

C)vitamin E

D)FD&C Yellow #6

Q2) Arteriosclerosis is a condition affecting the A)heart.

B)arteries.

C)brain.

D)lungs.

Q3) Which class of nutrients in itself does not provide any energy to the human body?

A)minerals

B)fats

C)carbohydrates

D)proteins

Q4) The body stores some excess glucose as glycogen in the ________ and ________.

Q5) What is a dietary mineral?

Q6) What are the origins of the word "vitamin"?

Q7) What makes a low calorie sweetener low calorie?

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Chapter 18: Drugs

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Q1) An antimetabolite is a compound that closely resembles a substance that is needed for normal body metabolism and that interferes with physiological reactions involving it.

A)True

B)False

Q2) A placebo is an inactive substance that is given to some patients when the effectiveness of a new drug is being tested.

A)True

B)False

Q3) A depressant drug

A)reduces the level of consciousness.

B)increase alertness.

C)increases anger.

D)increases breathing.

Q4) What neurotransmitter is considered as possibly being involved in the feeling of "love"?

A)adrenaline

B)testosterone

C) -phenylethylamine (PEA)

D)norepinephrine

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Chapter 19: Fitness and Health

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Sample Questions

Q1) The only way to lose weight is to increase ________ and/or decrease ________.

Q2) Anabolic steroids

A)enhance the buildup of muscle tissue.

B)reduce inflammation.

C)increase testicular mass.

D)increase sexual potency.

Q3) The body mass index is used to measure one's level of A)fatness.

B)bone density.

C)hydration.

D)stamina.

Q4) Heat strokes resulting from physical exertion occur when the body's heat regulatory system fails.This condition is likely to occur when A)there is a vitamin deficiency.

B)the body is dehydrated.

C)the sodium ion level in body fluids is low.

D)one has overeaten.

Q5) A mineral that is needed in the body is

Q6) Compare the energy and muscle processes involved in running a sprint and running a marathon.

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Chapter 20: Chemistry Down on the Farm

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Sample Questions

Q1) A phosphorus-containing pesticide is

A)aldicarb.

B)diazinon.

C)methoprene.

D)paraquat.

Q2) Praying mantises and ladybugs are predatory insects and will destroy many garden pests.

A)True

B)False

Q3) The three primary plant nutrients found in fertilizers are nitrogen,magnesium and silicon.

A)True

B)False

Q4) More nitrogen is fixed by lightning than by bacteria.

A)True

B)False

Q5) Each U.S.farm worker currently produces enough food for 105 people.

A)True

B)False

Q6) An early source of phosphorus for agriculture was ________.

Page 22

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Chapter 21: Household Chemicals

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Sample Questions

Q1) Explain why disagreeable odors like musk and civetone are used in the formulation of perfumes.

Q2) Which is NOT a cosmetic?

A)antidandruff shampoo

B)lipstick

C)blush

D)perfume

Q3) Lanolin comes from

A)beeswax.

B)palm tree leaves.

C)sheep's wool.

D)sea urchins.

Q4) Which of the following categories of surfactants gives the least amount of sudsing?

A)amphoteric surfactants

B)anionic surfactants

C)cationic surfactants

D)nonionic surfactants

Q5) Why are drain cleaners usually bases?

Q6) People with blonde hair have ________ pigment in their hair.

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Chapter 22: Poisons

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Sample Questions

Q1) Phosphorus-based insecticides such as parathion are less toxic than warfare nerve agents such as soman.

A)True

B)False

Q2) Pb (as Pb² )is

A)toxic at all concentrations.

B)safe at all concentrations.

C)toxic at high concentrations but not at low concentrations.

D)toxic to children but not to adults at high concentrations.

Q3) The organ most used for the detoxification of poisons in the human body is the A)liver.

B)gall bladder.

C)small intestine.

D)mouth.

Q4) Botulin,the most deadly poison known,is

A)organophosphorus pesticide.

B)a nerve gas for chemical warfare.

C)formed in improperly canned food by anaerobic bacteria.

D)a chlorinated hydrocarbon.

Q5) Name the poison in rosary pea seeds.

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