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This course provides an introduction to the fundamental principles and techniques of carpentry and masonry, two essential construction trades. Students will learn about the tools, materials, and safety practices used in both disciplines. The curriculum covers basic carpentry skills such as measuring, cutting, joining, and finishing wood, as well as foundational masonry concepts including mixing mortar, laying bricks, and constructing walls. Emphasis is placed on building construction methods, blueprint reading, and project planning to prepare students for entry-level work or further specialization in the building industry. Hands-on practice and laboratory sessions are integral components, allowing students to develop technical proficiency and problem-solving abilities in real-world scenarios.
Recommended Textbook
Masonry Skills 7th Edition by Richard T. Kreh
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590 Verified Questions
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Q1) Hearing protection should be worn when the noise exposure level _____ .
A) exceeds 90 decibels
B) reaches 75 decibels
C) is less than 80 decibels
D) approaches 85 decibels
Answer: A
Q2) _____ is defined as any clothing or other equipment or devices workers wear to protect themselves from job hazards.
A) MDSDs
B) OSHA
C) PPE
D) HAZMATs
Answer: C
Q3) Short pants cut off above the knee are appropriate for masons in extremely hot weather.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Q1) The London pattern trowel has either a wide or a narrow heel, called a _____ heel.
A) diamond
B) square
C) triangular
D) pentagonal
Answer: A
Q2) A _____ is a smooth flat-edged piece of steel used to smooth mortar and form flush, flat joints.
A) sled runner
B) striking tool
C) striking iron
D) slicker
Answer: D
Q3) The modular rule and the spacing rule are two entirely different types of scale rules.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Q1) The number 6 on the modular brick scale rule indicates that there are six courses to every _____ of vertical height.
A) 16"
B) 15"
C) 12"
D) 6"
Answer: A
Q2) After _____ brick have been laid on the wood, they must be leveled.
A) 12
B) 10
C) 8
D) 6
Answer: D
Q3) The process of applying or spreading the mortar to a wall is also called _____ the mortar.
A) slinging
B) stringing
C) running
D) snapping
Answer: A
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Q1) One construction worker should ride the elevator with materials that are being lifted to the mason.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Chimney brackets are sold _____ size.
A) in pairs in a 24" or 35"
B) in pairs in a 25" or 36"
C) singly in 26" or 34"
D) singly in 36" or 48"
Q3) After mortar has been mixed, its is transferred from the box to the wheelbarrow with a _____ .
A) dirt shovel
B) large hoe
C) large trowel
D) square-bladed shovel
Q4) Brick tongs have been redesigned to correct the previous problem of pinch points in the handles.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) _____ act as fluxes and promote fusion at lower temperatures during brickmaking.
A) Metallic oxides
B) Alcohols
C) Clays
D) Shales
Q2) The actual mortar joint size can be determined from the _____ coursing information and the specified Chapter size.
A) horizontal
B) vertical
C) combined horizontal and vertical
D) either horizontal or vertical
Q3) To keep brickmaking and bricklaying secrets confined to their own groups, early masons _____ .
A) allowed only family members to join the trade
B) patented their trade secrets
C) required student to pay for the right to learn the secrets
D) banded together in organizations called guilds
Q4) Glazed brick, similar to that made 2000 years ago, are still made today.
A)True
B)False

Page 7
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Q1) The _____ kiln is a round brick structure wrapped with steel bands that control the expansion caused by the heat of the kiln.
A) scove
B) tunnel
C) beehive
D) bubble
Q2) When making brick, blending is necessary to yield the appropriate composition.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Removing excess moisture from brick before they are burned in the kiln will cause cracking.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _____ is the term used for adding water to the raw material to make a plastic, workable mass suitable for molding.
A) Mudding
B) Tempering
C) Reducing
D) Softening
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Q1) _____ are sand and pea gravel or some inorganic substitute particles mixed with portland cement to form a concrete block.
A) Amalgams
B) Blends
C) Aggregates
D) Fusions
Q2) Joseph Gibbs's cast his block in a mold, but the mold had dividers, so the finished block _____ .
A) split easily
B) contained large frogs
C) were not as durable
D) had hollow cells
Q3) Today, _____ block can be made on a single machine in a 10-hour day.
A) 150,000
B) 75,000
C) 15,000
D) 5,000
Q4) Concrete block is a very durable building material.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Cubes of block are allowed to open-air cure for another _____ in the storage yard before being delivered to the customer or builder.
A) 10 days
B) 28 days
C) 1 week
D) 2 weeks
Q2) On the special trucks used to deliver block to the job site, the boom of the forklift has a drop reach of about _____ and is able to swing in any direction.
A) 5 feet
B) 6 feet
C) 12 feet
D) 15 feet
Q3) Lighter weight concrete masonry Chapters are not required to meet the same ASTM requirements as heavy-weight block.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) It is not necessary to protect the ______ from moisture during warm weather.
A) sand
B) cement
C) lime
D) any mortar ingredients
Q2) When mixing mortar with the power mixer, _____ .
A) place the shovel inside the mouth of the mixer
B) pull fallen or torn bags out of the mixer carefully whne the mixer is running
C) use water and the turning of the blades to clean the mixer
D) wear safety glasses or goggles
Q3) Lime is used without cement in a training mortar because the mortar does not harden and may be reused.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If the sand for mixing mortar freezes, it ______ .
A) cannot be used and must be replaced
B) does not affect the mixing process
C) can be used with less water in the mix
D) must be completely thawed before it is used
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Q1) To prevent the line from sagging or being blown out of alignment by the wind, it may be necessary to set a trig brick.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The end against which the line is pulled is called the _____ end.
A) nail
B) block
C) pin
D) peg
Q3) When brick are protruding past the wall line, they are said to be _____ .
A) hard to the line
B) uneven to the line
C) hard to the wall
D) uneven to the wall
Q4) To _____ means to apply mortar to a brick.
A) joint
B) throw
C) butter
D) close
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Q1) _____ provides an extra measure of protection that helps to eliminate the possibility of moisture penetrating through the brick work.
A) Racking
B) Returing
C) Stretching
D) Parging
Q2) Whole bricks are also called _____ .
A) stretchers
B) racks
C) leads
D) builders
Q3) _____ is done by holding the plumb rule at an angle on the edge of the corner of the brick at the racking point to check the alignment.
A) Returning
B) Racking back
C) Tailing a lead
D) Holding the line
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Q1) Good quality sand is available in only one type: manufactured.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Portland cement is a _____ cement, which means that it sets and hardens by a chemical reaction with water.
A) hydraulic
B) natural
C) hydrated
D) lime-sand
Q3) Clay was the first material to be used for mortar.
A)True
B)False
Q4) _____ is formed by calcining pieces of limestone under controlled heat.
A) Slaked lime
B) Quicklime
C) Hydrated lime
D) Hydraulic lime
Q5) The production of portland cement involves only one simple process.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Repointing should be started when the existing mortar joints are eroded or exposed to a depth of _____ .
A) no more than ¼"
B) at least ¼"
C) ½" or more
D) at least 1"
Q2) Even the most inexperienced mason can remove and replace damaged mortar.
A)True
B)False
Q3) ______ mortars are a combination of portland cement, hydrated lime, sand, and water.
A) Hydrated lime-sand
B) Hydrated lime masonry cement
C) Masonry cement
D) Portland cement-hydrated lime
Q4) Mortar types are identified by both proportion and property specifications, but not one alone.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) The _____ brick position is laid with the widest side of the brick in a horizontal position exposed on the front of the finished wall.
A) shiner
B) soldier
C) rowlock
D) sailor
Q2) The term bond has several different meanings to the masonry student or apprentice.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Mortar is the first material you use when laying any masonry Chapter.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The adhesion of mortar to the masonry Chapter, wall ties, or other means of reinforcement is known as the _____ .
A) mortar bond
B) structural bond
C) pattern bond
D) construction bond
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Q1) Dummy headers are also known as _____ headers.
A) Dutch
B) English
C) diamond
D) snap
Q2) The English bond is also known in the trade as a _____ bond due to the recurring diamond pattern seen from a distance.
A) jewel
B) diamond
C) geometric
D) colonial
Q3) The _____ is constructed with either the half lap (half bond) or one-third lap (one-third bond).
A) American bond
B) English bond
C) running bond
D) stack bond
Q4) The Flemish bond is the least expensive type of wall to build.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) In places where two pieces of wire meet, there should be a _____ .
A) maximum overlap of 5"
B) maximum overlap of 4"
C) minimum overlap of 6"
D) minimum overlap of 3"
Q2) Poured-in-place insulation is usually made up of vermiculate or perlite.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Block should always be laid in the wall _____.
A) with the wider web of the block facing up
B) with the narrower web of the block facing up
C) with the wider web of the block facing down
D) with the narrower web of the block facing out
Q4) Job specifications should always be consulted before wire reinforcements are installed.
A)True
B)False
Q5) As a rule, mortar is bedded only on the outside edges of concrete block.
A)True
B)False

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Q1) When laying the first course, spread a solid bed of mortar and do not furrow, also known as _____, the mortar bed joint.
A) groove
B) level
C) reduce
D) build up
Q2) If wire joint reinforcement is called for in the building specifications, install it at the proper height, which is normally every 16" in height or every other course.
A)True
B)False
Q3) When building the corner to the specified height, each course should be _____ before proceeding to the next course.
A) furrowed
B) dampened
C) aligned
D) dried
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Q1) Creating a _____ means that every head joint is kept exactly plumb with those on alternating courses below.
A) straight course
B) uniform distribution
C) plumb bond
D) alternating bond
Q2) A concrete block wall built in the stack bond must be full stretchers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Bonding brick and concrete block together is known as composite masonry wall.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Concrete blocks of _____ are the only blocks that lap perfectly over each other without the necessity of cutting the corner block.
A) 6"
B) 7.5"
C) 8"
D) 10"
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Q1) The least commonly used method of estimation is the wall-area method.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When using the rule-of-thumb estimation method, materials _____ .
A) can be grossly overestimated B) should not be grossly overestimated or underestimated C) can be underestimated but never overestimated D) should not be overestimated
Q3) There are _____ standard brick to each square foot of wall area.
A) 6
B) 6.25
C) 6.75
D) 7
Q4) One way of estimating masonry cement is by calculating the number of cubic feet per _____ square feet of wall area.
A) 50
B) 100
C) 200
D) 250
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Q1) Labor costs for block work are affected by many of the same factors that affect labor costs for brickwork.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Be conservative when estimating sand, as storage and disposal are costly.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Estimating by rule of thumb can be accomplished even by the most inexperienced mason.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If more than three tons of sand are needed, _____ should be allowed for waste.
A) none
B) 1 ton
C) ½ the estimated sand
D) ½ ton
Q5) Water does not require estimating as a material.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) If all of the cross webs must be cut, leaving only the end of the block holding it together, it is called a ______ .
A) center
B) quarterback
C) halfback
D) fullback
Q2) Concrete blocks that are cut across the face side lengthwise (horizontally) are called ______ .
A) sides
B) tops
C) rips
D) layers
Q3) Which of the following statements is true regarding the general safety practices when operating a masonry saw?
A) A hard hat should be worn while operating a masonry saw.
B) The mason is responsible for grounding the saw before beginning work.
C) Rings of all types should removed before using a saw.
D) Place the saw on the masonry unit to be cut before starting the saw.
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Q1) A Z-tie is made from copper coated or zinc-coated steel.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When block work is gradually adjusted so that a difference in height is not evident, it is said to be _____ .
A) leveled
B) differentiated
C) humored
D) parged
Q3) The _____ is used when building a masonry wall next to a concrete wall or column.
A) cavity tie
B) dip crimp tie
C) box anchor
D) dovetail anchor
Q4) Modern standard modular brick actually measure a full 4" in width.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) In a properly constructed cavity wall, both wythes of materials must be adequately and properly tied together.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Aluminum is recommended for use as flashing in cavity masonry walls.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ is an inert, lightweight, granular insulating material manufactured by expanding an aluminum magnesium silicate mineral, which is a form of mica.
A) Perlite
B) Vermiculite
C) Polystyrene
D) Expanded polyurethane
Q4) _____ is not recommended anymore for flashing in cavity masonry walls.
A) Copper
B) Stainless steel
C) Plastic
D) Aluminum
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Q1) Which of the following statements is true of a buttress?
A) It cannot be used to strengthen an exterior wall.
B) It should not be built on a wall with a vault or arch.
C) It is a mass of masonry somewhat like a pilaster.
D) It is for decorative purposes only.
Q2) The portion of masonry work that extends from the window frame to the face of the masonry wall is known as the _____ .
A) reveal
B) veneer
C) foundation
D) frame plate
Q3) It is acceptable to lay pilasters so that Chapters must be cut.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The design of the particular building and load to be placed on the lintel are the deciding factors in the type of lintel selected.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Metal reinforcement wire especially made to tie intersecting walls is welded in the shape of a _____ .
A) V
B) X
C) Z
D) T
Q2) Intersecting walls that carry the load of floors and roofs of buildings must also be able to stretch or flex.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Concrete and concrete masonry Chapters have moisture and thermal movements that are very similar to those of brick masonry.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Structures are constantly moving.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) ______ are used to fasten a member of a structure, such as a wooden plate, to the structure itself.
A) Ties
B) Nailing blocks
C) Anchor bolts
D) Toggle bolts
Q2) Corbeling is strictly decorative.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ is a material used to cap or cover a masonry wall to prevent moisture penetration.
A) Corbeling
B) Calk
C) Mortar
D) Coping
Q4) Which of the following statements are correct regarding metal wall plugs?
A) They cannot contain wooden inserts.
B) Their inserts must be made of rubber.
C) Metal wall plugs cannot contain inserts of any type.
D) They are made of galvanized metal.
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Q1) Glass block shower systems kits include _____ .
A) glass block mortar
B) plumbing fixtures
C) glass blocks
D) ceramic tile
Q2) Glass blocks must be cut for openings such as doors and windows.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Premiere series glass blocks are recommended for curved or angled panels and shower walls.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In lieu of panel anchors, channel-type construction can be used.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The major differences between installing glass block on larger commercial jobs and on residential projects are mostly related to the techniques and methods used to increase production and profit for the masonry contractor.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) The _____ Hydro Mobile scaffolding is especially designed for projects 100' and more in height.
A) M series
B) F series
C) P series
D) A series
Q2) Scaffolding sections are held together with steel pins that are known in the trade as ______ .
A) grips
B) fittings
C) nipples
D) nails
Q3) Suspended scaffolding is the least safe type of scaffold that can be used.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Adjustable tower scaffold consists of vertical metal towers braced to the structure with alternating bays of metal scaffolding between each tower section.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Wire, synthetic ropes, or fiber ropes used for scaffolding suspension should be capable of supporting at least _____ times the rated load.
A) two
B) three
C) five
D) six
Q2) Scaffold legs can rest on hollow block.
A)True
B)False
Q3) _____ are crosspieces of heavy timber or steel beam, one end of which rests in a hole left in the wall, with the other end resting on solid ground or on a suitable base.
A) Braces
B) Putlogs
C) Plankings
D) Brackets
Q4) Employees should use extreme caution when working on scaffolds during high winds.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Mixing the mortar to the right consistency prevents excessive smearing on the face of the wall.
A)True B)False
Q2) Dry masonry allows absorption of the cleaning solution and may result in mortar smear, white scum, or the development of efflorescence.
A)True B)False
Q3) Using too much water when cleaning brickwork will cause streaking. A)True B)False
Q4) A hard had should be worn when cleaning brick and concrete block. A)True B)False
Q5) Do not clean or wash down new clay or shale brickwork until at least 7 days after brickwork is completed.
A)True B)False
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Q1) Masonry cleaning products can be corrosive and toxic in nature.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Fresh paint can be removed using a solution of _____ .
A) oxalic acid and water
B) trisodium phosphate and water
C) ammonium bifluoride and oxalic acid
D) ammonium chloride and talc
Q3) Permanent removal of manganese stains is simple.
A)True
B)False
Q4) To remove _____ stains, mix together 1 part ammonium chloride or sal ammoniac and 4 parts powdered talc.
A) welding splatters
B) dirt and paper
C) copper and bronze
D) egg splatter
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Q1) An appliance chimney can serve more than one heat source.
A)True
B)False
Q2) ______ is a piece of flat metal that will not rust or deteriorate that covers the point at which the chimney and roof meet.
A) Flashing
B) Corbeling
C) Capping
D) Coping
Q3) Which of the following statements is correct regarding building code requirements for residential chimneys?
A) Chimney wall thickness should be a nominal 4" when no flue liner is used.
B) Masonry chimneys should not be corbeled out more than 6 inches from a wall.
C) Chimney clearance from combustible materials is a minimum of 4 inches.
D) The minimum chimney height for fire safety is the 2 feet above the roofline.
Q4) Cleanout doors should be installed _____ .
A) over the third course on a brick structure above grade
B) over the first course on a brick structure above grade
C) over the second course on a block structure
D) over the third course on a block structure
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Q1) The area under the ash dump is formed with masonry into a chase or squared hole that leads directly to the end of an air tube.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Benjamin Franklin is considered to be the father of the traditional or conventional form of fireplace design and construction in the Chaptered States.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Flashing around a chimney should not be made of _____
A) iron
B) copper
C) aluminum
D) heavy-gauge tin
Q4) Only masonry materials should be used in constructing a chimney that serves as a fireplace.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) In the past, when the rough hearth was constructed, a brick arch, called a _____ arch was laid on a wooden form beneath the hearth.
A) hearth
B) finished C) formed
D) trimmer
Q2) When building a chimney foundation, brick or concrete blocks should be dry bonded to work full Chapters without any cutting.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Tests have shown that portland cement-lime mortar is not heat resistant and should not be used in the combustion area of a fireplace.
A)True
B)False
Q4) As a rule, if stones are to be used for the facing of the fireplace, it is not necessary to dry bond.
A)True
B)False

Page 36
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Q1) Fireplaces with more than one open side are easier to build than a conventional one-sided open fireplace.
A)True
B)False
Q2) _____ wood is not acceptable to burn in a fireplace because it tends to smolder and create a lot of smoke in the atmosphere.
A) Seasoned
B) Green
C) Pine
D) Dry
Q3) Considering fuel shortages and high prices, the heat-circulating fireplace Chapter is desirable because it provides an emergency source of heat and helps lower the overall price of heating a home.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The most important advantage of the multiple-opening damper is that it permits a choice of flue locations.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) The ______ is the undersurface or bottom of the arch.
A) skewback
B) soffit
C) intrados
D) springer
Q2) The ______ is the apex of the arch ring.
A) crown
B) camber
C) keystone
D) rise
Q3) Gothic bullseye arches are the most commonly used arch types today.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The concave curve that bounds the entire curvature of the lower limits of an arch is called its _____ .
A) beam
B) supporting load
C) compressive load
D) intrados
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Q1) Arch brick can be laid in several positions for semicircular arches.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The back of the arch should be parged.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Do not remove the arch forms until the arch has cured enough to carry its own weight without sagging.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Brick arches are for aesthetic purposes and should not be used to support a heavy load.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The mortar joints on an arch should be large to give support to the arch.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Skewbacks are either cut with a sharp brick chisel or cut with the brick saw for accuracy.
A)True
B)False
Q2) A jack arch is supported on steel angle irons if the opening is _____ long.
A) less than 2'
B) more than 2'
C) between 1' and 2'
D) more than 1'
Q3) Jack arches can be built only over tapered or sawn brick.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A _____ jack arch is composed of only one full brick in height and laid in a soldier position.
A) common
B) soldier
C) single
D) bonded
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Q1) The ideal temperature for curing concrete is about _____ °F.
A) 90
B) 83
C) 72
D) 60
Q2) In warm weather, concrete block should not be laid on the footing until _____ have/has passed.
A) two weeks
B) one week
C) 3 days
D) 48 hours
Q3) A _____ is used for a building constructed on sloping ground.
A) stepped footing
B) graded slope footing
C) angled footing
D) trench footing
Q4) Footings for chimneys, columns, or piers should be larger than for an ordinary masonry wall.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Work known as _____ includes floors, slabs, and walks.
A) flat work
B) footings
C) form work
D) specialty concrete
Q2) ______ is leveling the concrete evenly to the top of the forms.
A) Floating
B) Edging
C) Screeding
D) Grooving
Q3) A ______ attaches to a screed board and works faster than a regular screed board and allows a dryer concrete to be placed and finished.
A) Magnesium straight Darby
B) Bon Electric Speedy Screed
C) Handicap Ramp Bull Float
D) WHA-Lite "Euro" Decker Float
Q4) Many commercial job specifications require that fresh concrete be tested on the job.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Schedules do not help with estimating the cost of a job.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Without the use of symbols, architects cannot show all necessary information regarding materials, methods, and location of components.
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is a common practice in the building trades to locate an object on plans by measuring from the center of the object to the center of another object.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A short, unbroken line with an arrowhead at one end indicating whether stairs are ascending or descending is called a ______ .
A) main object line
B) dimension line
C) stair indicator
D) centerline
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Q1) A _____ is the term for a drawing provided by a manufacturer to explain the installation of a product.
A) working drawing
B) plot plan
C) shop drawing
D) manufacturer description
Q2) Working drawings are completely dimensioned views accompanied by all necessary notes.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The _____ is also know as a site plan.
A) plot plan
B) foundation plan
C) detailed drawing
D) elevation drawing
Q4) Following the CSI format makes the job of finding information and requirements of each trade and area of the job much simpler in the specifications handbook.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Dimensions are shown on plans in feet and inches, with a hyphen between.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The measurement of framing studs that are 16 inches center-to-center could be appropriately written as _____ .
A) 16-C-C
B) 16" C to C
C) 16CC
D) 16"-CC
Q3) Scaling an unknown dimension from a plan is routinely done with a folding rule.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The _____ is a special instrument or ruler that the architect uses to dimension drawings.
A) contractor's gauge
B) scale rule
C) architect's scale
D) mason's rule
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