Cardiovascular Nursing Exam
Answer Key
Course Introduction
Cardiovascular Nursing is a specialized course that focuses on the care of patients with disorders and diseases of the heart and blood vessels. The course covers fundamental concepts of cardiovascular anatomy and physiology, pathophysiology, risk factors, and diagnostic procedures. Students learn to assess, monitor, and manage patients with conditions such as coronary artery disease, heart failure, arrhythmias, and hypertension. Emphasis is placed on evidence-based nursing interventions, pharmacological management, patient education, and rehabilitation strategies. Through lectures, case studies, and clinical practice, students develop skills to deliver holistic and compassionate care to diverse populations affected by cardiovascular conditions.
Recommended Textbook
EKG Plain and Simple 3rd Edition by Karen Ellis RN
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Chapter 1: Coronary Anatomy and Physiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The heart has three layers: the endocardium,myocardium,and epicardium.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The normal heart is the size of a A)Foot.
B)Cherry.
C)Man's fist.
D)Watermelon.
Answer: C
Q3) The two phases of the cardiac cycle are systole and _____. Answer: diastole
Q4) The fluid found between the layers of the pericardium is called _____. Answer: Pericardial fluid
Q5) The left atrium pumps blood into the right atrium.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q6) The _____ is the layer that contains the cardiac conduction system. Answer: Endocardium
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Electrophysiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) The normal ST segment is
A)At the isoelectric line.
B)Elevated above the isoelectric line.
C)Depressed below the isoelectric line.
D)Both above and below the isoelectric line.
Answer: A
Q2) Normal conduction begins with the pacemaker of the heart,the _____. Answer: Sinus node
Q3) Refractory means _____to.
Answer: Resistant
Q4) Contractility is the ability of a cardiac cell to
A)Initiate an impulse without outside stimulus.
B)Pass an impulse along to neighboring cells.
C)Respond to a stimulus by depolarizing.
D)Contract.
Answer: D
Q5) Normal QRS interval is _____ seconds or less than three small blocks. Answer: <0.12
Q6) One small block on the EKG paper measures _____ seconds. Answer: 0.04
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Lead Morphology and Placement
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Sample Questions
Q1) It is normal for the QRS complex to be primarily positive in V1.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Normal current of the heart travels top to bottom and _____.
Answer: Right to left
Q3) If lead I's QRS is positive,the heart's current is traveling toward the right arm.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) In which of the following leads should the QRS complex be negative?
A)Lead I
B)Lead II
C)AVR
D)AVL
Answer: C
Q5) The _____ is the structure obtained from joining leads I,II,and III at the middle. Answer: Triaxial diagram
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Chapter 4: Technical Aspects of the Ekg
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Sample Questions
Q1) Microshock is different from macroshock in that microshock is
A)A higher-voltage electrical shock.
B)A lower-voltage electrical shock.
C)Caused by inadequate grounding of electrical equipment.
D)Incapable of causing death.
Q2) The "gain" setting on the EKG machine is concerned with A)The amplitude of the waves and complexes.
B)The size of the patient.
C)Einthoven's law.
D)Electrical conduction through the bundle branches.
Q3) A thick-looking pattern on the EKG paper that looks like someone used a thick Magic Marker to write the baseline is typical of what kind of artifact? _____.
Q4) The artifact caused by the jiggling of wires during toothbrushing is called A)CPR artifact.
B)"Toothbrush asystole."
C)PVCs.
D)"Toothbrush Tachycardia."
Q5) Sometimes,the presence of artifact can be verified by changing the lead.
A)True
B)False
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Calculating Heart Rate
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a method of calculating heart rate?
A)Six-second strip method
B)The QT interval method
C)The P-P interval method
D)All of the above
Q2) The three methods of calculating heart rate are six-second strip,memory method,and _____.
Q3) An irregular rhythm is one in which
A)The R-R intervals vary "all over the place."
B)The R-R intervals vary by only one or two little blocks.
C)There are premature beats or pauses that interrupt the otherwise regular rhythm.
D)The QRS complexes do not look alike.
Q4) The most accurate way to calculate heart rate on an irregular rhythm is the six-second strip method.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Calculating heart rate involves counting the number of P waves on the strip.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: How to Interpret a Rhythm Strip
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Sample Questions
Q1) If the patient's rhythm changes,you should FIRST
A)Assess your patient for signs of decreased cardiac output.
B)Calculate the heart rate,rhythm,and intervals.
C)Change the lead to see if the rhythm is real or if it's artifact.
D)Look for P waves.
Q2) Sinus rhythm has a heart rate of 60-80.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A rhythm with a heart rate less than 60 is a tachycardia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The distance between consecutive P waves is called the _____.
Q5) A heart rate greater than 100 is said to be a
A)Tachycardia.
B)Bradycardia.
C)Myocardium.
D)Bundle branch block.
Q6) The normal PR interval in sinus rhythm should be _____.
Q7) A dysrhythmia is an _____ heart rhythm.
Q8) The normal rhythm of the heart is called _____.
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Chapter 7: Rhythms Originating in the Sinus Node
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Sample Questions
Q1) _____ is the only normal heart rhythm.
Q2) In sinus rhythm,the heart rate is
A)60-100.
B)Greater than 100.
C)Less than 60.
D)Greater than 170.
Q3) Diaphoresis is a cold sweat.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In sinus arrhythmia,the heart rate
A)Speeds up during inspiration and expiration.
B)Speeds up during inspiration,slows during expiration.
C)Slows during inspiration and expiration.
D)Slows during inspiration,speeds up during expiration.
Q5) Which of the following is an irregular rhythm originating in the sinus node?
A)Sinus arrhythmia
B)Sinus rhythm
C)Sinus tachycardia
D)Sinus bradycardia
Q6) The primary treatment of sinus tachycardia is _____.
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Rhythms Originating in the Atria
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Sample Questions
Q1) Frequent PACs can be a sign of impending
A)Heart failure.
B)Sinus arrest.
C)Respiratory failure.
D)Cardiac arrest.
Q2) The most common cause of an unexplained pause is a _____.
Q3) A regular rhythm with narrow QRS complexes,indistinguishable P waves,and a heart rate of 155 would be consistent with
A)Atrial fibrillation.
B)Supraventricular tachycardia.
C)Sinus bradycardia.
D)Ventricular tachycardia.
Q4) A PAC is a
A)Premature beat from the sinus node.
B)Late beat from the atria.
C)Premature beat from the ventricle.
D)Premature beat from the atrium.
Q5) In SVT,the heart rate must be greater than 180.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Rhythms Originating in the Av Junction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Junctional rhythm has a heart rate _____.
Q2) Junctional tachycardia is usually a result of escape.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Junctional tachycardia without visible P waves is best called A)Sinus tachycardia.
B)SVT.
C)Atrial tachycardia.
D)PJCs.
Q4) Junctional tachycardia has a heart rate greater than 100.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Treatment for junctional tachycardia might include withholding digitalis administration.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Low junctional rhythms originate low down in the ventricle. A)True
B)False
Q7) A P wave that is upside down is called _____.
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Chapter 10: Rhythms Originating in the Ventricles
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Sample Questions
Q1) QRS complexes in ventricular rhythms are
A)Wide and bizarre.
B)Always absent.
C)Found preceding the P waves.
D)Found following the T waves.
Q2) Ventricular tachycardia has a heart rate of
A)Greater than 100.
B)60-100.
C)40-60.
D)20-40.
Q3) In P wave asystole,there are
A)No P waves or QRS complexes.
B)P waves but no QRS complexes.
C)No waves of any kind.
D)P waves and QRS complexes but no T waves.
Q4) PVCs are premature beats from the ventricle.
A)True
B)False
Q5) PVC stands for _____.
Q6) Accelerated idioventricular rhythm has a heart rate between _____.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Av Blocks
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Sample Questions
Q1) Third-degree AV block usually needs no treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In AV blocks,the P-P interval is A)Regular.
B)Irregular.
C)Absent.
D)The same as the R-R interval.
Q3) In a second-degree AV block,some impulses from the sinus node _____ to the ventricles;others don't.
Q4) In third-degree AV block,the site of the block is either the A)Sinus node or the internodal tracts.
B)AV node or the Purkinje fibers.
C)Bundle branches or the AV node.
D)Sinus node or the AV node.
Q5) In third-degree AV block,if the block is at the AV node,
A)The QRS will be wide and bizarre.
B)The P waves will be tall and pointy.
C)The QRS will be narrow.
D)There will be no P waves.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: How to Interpret a 12-Lead Ekg
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Sample Questions
Q1) An axis of +120 degrees is
A)Normal axis.
B)Left axis deviation.
C)Right axis deviation.
D)Indeterminate axis.
Q2) If lead I is positive and AVF is negative,there is left axis deviation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The normal axis is between 0 and -90 degrees.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A very widened QRS is seen in
A)Severe hypokalemia.
B)Severe hyperkalemia.
C)Severe hypocalcemia.
D)Severe hypercalcemia.
Q5) Bundle branch blocks are a sign of imminent cardiac arrest.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A rate-related BBB is one which _____.
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Chapter 13: Myocardial Infarction
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which kind of MI is best seen by looking at the EKG upside down from behind?
A)Inferior
B)Anteroseptal
C)Posterior
D)Lateral
Q2) Reciprocal ST depression is seen only when there is _____ in the indicative leads.
Q3) A posterior infarction is usually caused by occlusion of which coronary artery?
A)Left main
B)Circumflex
C)Left anterior descending
D)Right coronary artery
Q4) In which leads is a posterior MI evident?
A)I and II
B)V1-6
C)II,III,and AVR
D)V1-2
Q5) Ischemia is a reversible process.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 14: Medications and Electrical Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Changing the patient's position can help restore capture.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Atropine would NOT be appropriate in the treatment of
A)Junctional bradycardia with heart rate of 38.
B)Third-degree AV block with heart rate of 32.
C)Idioventricular rhythm with heart rate of 28.
D)Supraventricular tachycardia with heart rate of 167.
Q3) Which medication used to treat SVT can cause several seconds of asystole before the rhythm converts? _____.
Q4) Transvenous pacemakers are attached to the skin on the front and back of the patient.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Amiodarone can be used to treat arrhythmias originating in all locations EXCEPT the A)Sinus node.
B)Atrium.
C)AV junction.
D)Ventricle.
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Chapter 15: Diagnostic Electrocardiography
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Sample Questions
Q1) Upsloping ST depression is highly indicative of an MI in progress.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The patient's target heart rate is 180,but he develops severe chest pain,shortness of breath,and diaphoresis at a heart rate of 135.What should be done?
A)Continue the test until the target heart rate is reached.
B)Stop the test immediately.
C)Continue the test until the heart rate reaches 153,which will be the 85% needed for a valid test.
D)Give the patient a nitroglycerin tablet sublingually and then continue the test.
Q3) If the stress test is positive but the angiogram is negative,the stress test is said to be a false positive.
A)True B)False
Q4) A positive stress test implies that _____ is present.
Q5) Attending to activities of daily living averages about 10 METS.
A)True
B)False
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