Cardiovascular Nursing Chapter
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
Cardiovascular Nursing is a specialized course designed to equip students with comprehensive knowledge and skills in the care of patients with cardiovascular disorders. The course covers the anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system, common cardiovascular diseases and conditions, diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, and evidence-based nursing practices. Emphasis is placed on patient assessment, monitoring, prevention strategies, pharmacological management, rehabilitation, and patient education. Students also learn about interdisciplinary collaboration and the psychological impacts of cardiovascular illnesses, preparing them to deliver holistic and compassionate care to patients across various healthcare settings.
Recommended Textbook
EKG Plain and Simple 3rd Edition by
Karen Ellis RN
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Coronary Anatomy and Physiology
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Q1) The inferior vena cava returns deoxygenated blood to the heart from
A)The head and neck.
B)The coronary circulation.
C)The lower extremities and abdomen.
D)None of these-the vena cava carries oxygenated blood.
Answer: C
Q2) The _____ is the chamber that receives blood from the superior and inferior venae cavae.
Answer: Right atrium
Q3) The superior vena cava returns blood to the right atrium from the _____.
Answer: Head;chest;upper arms
Q4) The three main coronary arteries are the aorta,the left main,and the chordae tendonae.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) The left atrium pumps blood into the right atrium. A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Electrophysiology
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the absolute refractory period,only a strong stimulus can result in depolarization.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Transmembrane potential is the electrical charge at the _____.
Answer: cell membrane
Q3) The ventricle's inherent rate is
A)20-40 beats per minute.
B)40-60 beats per minute.
C)60-80 beats per minute.
D)60-100 beats per minute.
Answer: A
Q4) The PR interval measures the time it takes for the impulse to travel from the atrium down to the ventricle.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q5) A negative deflection that occurs before a positive one is labeled a _____ wave.
Answer: Q
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Chapter 3: Lead Morphology and Placement
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Q1) AVF
A)Is a bipolar lead.
B)Is a precordial lead.
C)Is an augmented lead.
D)Has its positive pole on the left arm.
Answer: C
Q2) The tallest QRS complex should be in lead _____. Answer: II
Q3) Einthoven's triangle is formed by joining leads I,II,and III at their ends.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) If lead I's QRS is positive,the heart's current is traveling toward the right arm.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q5) A _____ is an arrow that depicts the general direction of current flow. Answer: vector
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Chapter 4: Technical Aspects of the Ekg
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Q1) CPR artifact is caused by chest compressions obscuring the real _______.
Q2) To minimize artifact,what must be done?
A)Attach electrode patches securely
B)Tell the patient not to breathe during the EKG
C)Tell the patient not to move during the EKG
D)All but B
Q3) Baseline sway is caused by lotion or sweat on the skin interfering with the _____ reaching the EKG machine.
Q4) On your patient's 12-lead EKG,lead I's waves and complexes are completely negative.AVR's waves and complexes are completely positive.The most likely cause of this is
A)Dextrocardia (Heart is on the right side of the body instead of the left).
B)Axis deviation from an MI.
C)Axis deviation from ventricular tachycardia.
D)Right and left arm leads inadvertently reversed.
Q5) A thick-looking pattern on the EKG paper that looks like someone used a thick Magic Marker to write the baseline is typical of what kind of artifact? _____.
Q6) The word "somatic" means _____.
Q7) Broken recording is caused by _____.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Calculating Heart Rate
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Q1) The most accurate way to determine heart rate would be to
A)Count the number of P waves in a minute-long rhythm strip.
B)Count the number of QRS complexes in a minute-long rhythm strip.
C)Count the number of QRS complexes on a six-second strip and multiply by 10.
D)Count the number of P waves on a six-second strip and multiply by 10.
Q2) A regular rhythm is one in which the R-R intervals
A)Vary by only one or two little blocks.
B)Do not vary at all.
C)Are the same as the P-P intervals.
D)Are interrupted by premature beats.
Q3) Calculating heart rate involves counting the number of P waves on the strip.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The three methods of calculating heart rate are six-second strip,memory method,and _____.
Q5) A regular rhythm has R-R intervals that vary by only one or two little blocks.
A)True
B)False
Q6) A regular rhythm is one in which _____.
Q7) If the QRS complexes are all 50 little blocks apart,the heart rate is _____.
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Chapter 6: How to Interpret a Rhythm Strip
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Q1) Normal QRS complexes should have a QRS complex
A)Less than 0.20 seconds wide.
B)Less than 0.12 seconds wide.
C)Between 0.12 and 0.20 seconds wide.
D)That is alternately narrow and wide.
Q2) The normal rhythm of the heart is called _____.
Q3) Sinus rhythms should have narrow QRS complexes of uniform shape.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A rhythm originating in the sinus node should NOT have which of the following?
A)Narrow QRS complexes of uniform shape
B)Regularly spaced QRS complexes
C)Absent QRS complexes
D)Heart rate of 60-100
Q5) A dysrhythmia is an _____ heart rhythm.
Q6) Multiple P waves preceding the QRS complexes are typical of sinus rhythm.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The distance between consecutive P waves is called the _____.
Q8) The normal PR interval in sinus rhythm should be _____.
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Chapter 7: Rhythms Originating in the Sinus Node
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Q1) Sinus bradycardia is common among well-conditioned athletes.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The most crucial criterion to identifying sinus rhythms is the upright matching P waves in lead II.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A pacemaker is usually needed to treat sinus bradycardia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A rhythm with a heart rate less than 60 is _____.
Q5) In sinus arrhythmia,the heart rate
A)Speeds up during inspiration and expiration.
B)Speeds up during inspiration,slows during expiration.
C)Slows during inspiration and expiration.
D)Slows during inspiration,speeds up during expiration.
Q6) Diaphoresis is a cold sweat.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The PR interval in sinus rhythms should be _____ from beat to beat.
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Chapter 8: Rhythms Originating in the Atria
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Q1) Atrial fibrillation causes the atria to A)Contract forcefully.
B)Expel the blood backwards.
C)Wiggle instead of contract.
D)Depolarize as a unit.
Q2) Both wandering atrial pacemaker and multifocal atrial tachycardia have at least three different shapes of P waves.
A)True
B)False
Q3) In SVT,the heart rate must be greater than 180.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In order to diagnose PAT,the _____ that initiates it must be seen.
Q5) Atrial fibrillation is an ectopic rhythm.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Nonconducted PACs do not conduct through to the ventricles.
A)True
B)False
Q7) The most common cause of an unexplained pause is a _____.
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Chapter 9: Rhythms Originating in the Av Junction
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Q1) Conduction to the atria is said to be _____ in junctional rhythms.
Q2) Junctional rhythm has a heart rate _____.
Q3) Junctional bradycardia has a heart rate of
A)Less than 40.
B)60-100.
C)40-100.
D)Greater than 100.
Q4) PJCs are _____beats from AV junction.
Q5) P waves hidden inside the QRS are a hallmark of junctional rhythms originating _____ in the AV junction.
Q6) All junctional rhythms originate in the area around the AV node. A)True
B)False
Q7) Low junctional rhythms originate low down in the ventricle. A)True
B)False
Q8) Treatment for junctional tachycardia might include withholding digitalis administration.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Rhythms Originating in the Ventricles
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Q1) Asystole is best treated with electrical shock to the heart.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Torsades de pointes is a form of ventricular tachycardia that _____ around an axis.
Q3) PVCs are usually followed by an incomplete compensatory pause.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Torsades de pointes can be treated with magnesium.
A)True
B)False
Q5) QRS complexes in ventricular rhythms are
A)Wide and bizarre.
B)Always absent.
C)Found preceding the P waves.
D)Found following the T waves.
Q6) Idioventricular rhythm is usually a result of usurpation.
A)True
B)False
Q7) PVC stands for _____.
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Chapter 11: Av Blocks
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Q1) Wenckebach usually does not need treatment.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Treatment for third-degree AV block usually includes
A)Digitalis.
B)Lidocaine.
C)Amiodarone.
D)Pacemaker.
Q3) In Mobitz II second-degree AV block,where do the P waves originate?
A)Sinus node
B)AV node
C)Atrium
D)Ventricle
Q4) The origin of the P waves in AV blocks is the _____.
Q5) Third-degree AV block is also called Wenckebach.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Why does atropine not work when the block is at the bundle branches?________________.
.
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Chapter 12: How to Interpret a 12-Lead Ekg
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Sample Questions
Q1) Digitalis effect is characterized by A)Shortened PR intervals.
B)Widened QRS.
C)Sagging ST segments.
D)Prolonged ST segments.
Q2) Low voltage EKGs can be caused by ALL BUT which of the following?
A)Obesity
B)Thyroid gland malfunction
C)Emphysema
D)Hypertension
Q3) Left ventricular hypertrophy is most commonly caused by A)Atrial fibrillation.
B)Heart attack.
C)Hypertension.
D)Chronic lung disease.
Q4) Left bundle branch block (LBBB)
A)Is almost always indicative of heart disease.
B)Is more serious than RBBB.
C)Is characterized by a QS or RS pattern in V1.
D)All of the above.
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Chapter 13: Myocardial Infarction
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Q1) An inverted T wave is indicative of
A)Myocardial necrosis.
B)Myocardial ischemia.
C)Myocardial injury.
D)Abnormal ventricular depolarization.
Q2) Hyperacute changes of an MI are those seen in the MI's earliest stages.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is a reciprocal change?
A)ST elevation
B)T wave inversion
C)ST depression
D)Significant Q waves
Q4) ST segment elevation is indicative of
A)Myocardial necrosis.
B)Myocardial ischemia.
C)Myocardial injury.
D)Abnormal atrial depolarization.
Q5) Pericarditis is _____ of the pericardium.
Q6) Explain where the leads are placed for a right-sided EKG.
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Chapter 14: Medications and Electrical Therapy
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Sample Questions
Q1) Digitalis is a
A)Calcium channel blocker.
B)Beta-blocker.
C)Sodium channel blocker.
D)Cardiac glycoside.
Q2) A transcutaneous pacemaker paces the heart
A)Through the skin.
B)By way of a wire threaded through a vein and into the heart.
C)By way of a wire attached to the surface of the heart.
D)Permanently.
Q3) Hypoxia is treated with the administration of A)Digitalis.
B)Verapamil.
C)Epinephrine.
D)Oxygen.
Q4) The Ds in DDD pacemaker stand for _____.
Q5) Lidocaine is used to treat _____ dysrhythmias.
Q6) Six to seven seconds of asystole sometimes follows administration of adenosine.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Diagnostic Electrocardiography
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT an indicator of an abnormal stress test?
A)Development of a new U wave,or inversion of a pre-existing U wave,during or after exercise
B)ST depression of at least 1-1.5 mm at 0.08 seconds after the J-point
C)ST segment elevation
D)Exercise-induced PACs.
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an indication for stress testing?
A)To diagnose coronary artery disease
B)To evaluate patients with symptoms of exercise-induced arrhythmias
C)To evaluate patients after coronary bypass surgery
D)To evaluate asymptomatic individuals with no CAD risk factors
Q3) Holter monitoring is the gold standard for determining the presence of myocardial ischemia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is NOT a reason to terminate an exercise stress test?
A)Blood pressure drop of more than 10 mm Hg along with severe chest pain
B)Sustained ventricular tachycardia
C)Decreasing amplitude of the QRS complex and T waves
D)EKG machine malfunction
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