Canadian Studies
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Canadian Studies is an interdisciplinary course that explores the historical, cultural, political, and social development of Canada. Students examine the countrys diverse identities, including its Indigenous heritage, multicultural population, and regional differences. The course analyzes key themes such as national unity, language politics, immigration, environmental issues, and Canadas role on the global stage. Through readings, discussions, and case studies, students gain an understanding of how Canadas past and present shape its unique society and the contemporary issues it faces.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Politics Critical Approaches 8th Edition by Christopher Cochrane
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Approaching the Study of Politics
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Q1) Which term refers to states that steer the economic development of their countries in directions favoured by state actors?
A)pluralist
B)dirigiste
C)staple
D)embedded
Answer: B
Q2) The Marxist approach is synonymous with the class approach.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Government authority is based on accountability.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The institutional approach is closely linked to the historical approach.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Institutional Foundations and the Evolution of the State
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Q1) What is one of the fundamental principles of the Canadian constitution?
A)separation of powers
B)colonialism
C)multiculturalism
D)judicial review
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following was created under the 1774 Quebec Act?
A)an appointed council to advice the governor
B)the colony of Quebec
C)the double majority system
D)the Quebec conference
Answer: A
Q3) The role of government in Canada was most extensive in the early 1980s.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The Act of Union united Ontario and Quebec.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Chapter 3: Regionalism
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Q1) About 75 percent of Canada's population lives in the provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which statement best reflects the main goal of the Trans-Canada Pipeline?
A)It delivers Hibernia oil and Nova Scotia gas to central Canada.
B)It delivers Western natural gas to Eastern Canada.
C)It delivers Western oil to central Canada.
D)It delivers services that are similar to a Crown corporation.
Answer: B
Q3) Which province has profited from offshore petroleum revenues?
A)Nova Scotia
B)Newfoundland and Labrador
C)Prince Edward Island
D)New Brunswick
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Aboriginal Peoples
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Q1) Non-status Indians are divided between on- and off-reserve
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who is represented by the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples advocacy group?
A)status Indians
B)non-status Indians
C)Métis
D)Inuit
Q3) The first provincial comprehensive land claim settlement was the Nisga'a treaty.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast the three main governance options that address the condition of Aboriginal life in Canada. Which of these options best benefits the Aboriginal people in Canada?
Q5) Indians living on reserves gained the right to vote in federal elections in 1960.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are some of the challenges that contemporary Aboriginal people in Canada are currently facing?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: French Canada and the Quebec Question
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Q1) Pierre Trudeau opposed the "special status" or "distinct society" approach for Quebec.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Known as the Charter of the French Language, what law made French the predominant language in the province of Quebec?
A)Bill 7
B)Bill 8
C)Bill 101
D)the Official Languages Act
Q3) Which statement does NOT describe the Quebec new middle class?
A)It suddenly appeared in the early 1960s.
B)It promoted the growth of the public sector.
C)It promoted the autonomy of the province.
D)It had close ties to the Roman Catholic Church.
Q4) What was Pierre Trudeau's intention in passing the Official Languages Act?
A)to create an environment where Quebec's demands could be heard
B)to undercut Quebec's demands for special status or independence
C)to strengthen the position of French in Quebec
D)to undermine English demands in French-speaking regions of the country
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Chapter 6: Ethnocultural Minorities
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Q1) Temporary resident workers are not able to apply to become permanent residents.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Trace the history of immigration patterns in Canada from the 1860s to the present.
Q3) One of the basic objectives of the multiculturalism policy was to assist immigrants in acquiring at least one official language.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Some critics argue that multiculturalism emphasizes our differences rather than our similarities as Canadians.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are some of the advancements in Canadian policies that have contributed toward creating equality and overcoming discrimination among ethnic Canadians?
Q6) Canada does not have an official multicultural policy.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Why was there a backlash toward immigrants and visible minorities in the 1990s?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Gender
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Q1) Pay equity represents "equal pay for work of equal value".
A)True
B)False
Q2) Canada has a comprehensive national day care program.
A)True
B)False
Q3) As a result of a 2003 Court of Appeal decision in Ontario, same-sex partners were allowed to marry.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which statement best describes employment equity programs in Canada?
A)These programs were designed to give preference to groups discriminated against in the past.
B)These programs have made women predominant in the public sector.
C)These programs have made women predominant in the private sector.
D)These programs have made women predominant in both the public and private sectors.
Q5) The "second wave" of the women's movement began about 1945.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Class
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Q1) The largest union in Canada is the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE).
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Social Credit Party pioneered hospital and medical insurance at the provincial level in Saskatchewan.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The new middle class includes salaried professionals.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What program is NOT part of the Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST)?
A)health
B)post-secondary education
C)rehabilitation
D)welfare
Q5) Even though the House of Commons passed a resolution in 1989 to eliminate child poverty in Canada by 2000, the number of children living in poverty increased by 50 percent during the 1990s.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Urbanrural Location, Religion, and Age
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Q1) The Liberal party has essentially been a rural party for generations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How is party preference split between urban and rural areas?
Q3) Which group is currently least likely to experience political conflict with each other?
A)Christians and non-Christians
B)religious and non-religious groups
C)Christians and Muslims
D)Catholics and Protestants
Q4) What are the key characteristics of rural Canada today?
Q5) How did the Mulroney government try to reduce governmental support of seniors?
A)by decreasing the age of mandatory retirement
B)by partially de-indexing the Old Age Security from cost-of-living increases
C)by eliminating the Guaranteed Income Supplement
D)by reducing eligibility for the spouse's allowance
Q6) Rural Canada is partly agricultural and the number of people engaged in farming is increasing.
A)True
B)False
11
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Chapter 10: Canadas External Environment: The United
States and the World
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Q1) The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is a Crown corporation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement was not supposed to affect existing cultural programs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Canadian Anglophones spend about 72 percent of their television viewing time watching local programs
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which statement is a criticism of foreign investment?
A)Less capital may leave the country than was initially invested.
B)Research and development occurs outside the parent plant.
C)It lowers the standard of living for Canadians.
D)It increases the number of jobs in sciences in Canada.
Q5) How have international terrorism events, such as 9/11, affected Canadian domestic and foreign policy?
Page 12
Q6) How has the United States influenced Canada, in terms of economic and cultural influences?
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Chapter 11: The Canadian Political Culture
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Q1) Which of the following best describes political equality in a democracy?
A)regular elections
B)one person, one vote
C)equal rights for all members of society
D)representation by population
Q2) Explain the concept of limited identities and their importance for Canadian political values.
Q3) Pluralists deride the notion of "one person, one vote" as a genuine measure of political equality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which statement does NOT describe political freedom?
A)It is guaranteed in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
B)It is a component of the definition of democracy.
C)It includes freedom of speech, press, and assembly.
D)It is rarely infringed on by provincial governments.
Q5) The notwithstanding clause can be used to override all minority rights.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How can Canadians achieve a balance between individualism and collectivism?
Page 14
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Chapter 12: Political Socialization, The Mass Media, and Public Opinion Polls
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Q1) During the 1988 election campaign, many groups and companies attempted to influence public opinion about the Free Trade Agreement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What percentage of Canadian homes subscribe to cable or satellite television?
A)50
B)65
C)85
D)90
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a technique of news management?
A)the free flow of information on government operations
B)news leaks and trial balloons
C)government secrecy
D)strategic timing and distribution of information
Q4) The Harper government maintained strict control over the flow of information and therefore, was less accessible to reporters.
A)True
B)False
Q5) How is the media involved in political agenda-setting?
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Chapter 13: Elections and the Electoral System
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Q1) A province cannot have fewer Commons seats than it has provincial legislators.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Based on calculations, what was the projected total number of seats available in the House of Commons after the 2015 elections?
A)308
B)318
C)328
D)338
Q3) Which statement is NOT an outcome of a mixed member proportional election system?
A)It would increase the representation of women and minorities.
B)It would result in wider representation within the Cabinet.
C)It would produce majority governments.
D)It would make every vote count.
Q4) Describe Canada's "first-past-the-post" electoral system. What are the advantages and disadvantages of this system?
Q5) What remedies to Canada's electoral system have been proposed to better reflect the distribution of the popular vote?
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Chapter 14: Political Parties and the Party System
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Q1) Which Prime Minister was disgraced by the Pacific Scandal?
A)McKenzie
B)Borden
C)MacDonald
D)Meighen
Q2) Pre-Mulroney Conservatives used to exhibit a strong red Tory touch.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is a variant of liberalism?
A)pluralist
B)welfare
C)religious
D)communist
Q4) What party system categorized the decade between 1993 and 2003?
A)two-plus party system
B)two-plus-two party system
C)multiparty system
D)three party system
Q5) Explain the ideological differences between conservatism, social democracy, and liberalism.
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Chapter 15: The Election Campaign, Voting, and Political Participation
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Q1) What role do the media play in a party's election campaign?
Q2) Which party developed the Constituency Information Management System (CIMS)?
A)Liberal
B)Conservative
C)NDP
D)Green
Q3) Imagine a voter voting for their second-favourite party because the second-favourite candidate is perceived to have a better chance than the voter's first choice in defeating a party that the voter dislikes the most. Which term describes this behaviour?
A)wasted voting
B)reverse voting
C)sequential voting
D)strategic voting
Q4) Explain the sociodemographic bases of political party support in Canada.
Q5) Party advertising has recently become more synonymous with the concept of political marketing.
A)True
B)False
Page 18
Q6) How do core values and beliefs influence how Canadians vote?
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Chapter 16: Advocacy Groups, Social Movements, and Lobbying
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Q1) What political party is linked to the Canadian Labour Congress?
A)NDP
B)Liberal
C)Conservative
D)Bloc Québécois
Q2) Advocacy groups tend to increase their public profile once an election has been called.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Money, information, prestige, public support, and lack of opposition help to explain the significant influence of the Canadian Medical Association.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Gomery Report on the Quebec sponsorship scandal under Chrétien supported further revisions to the lobbying registration scheme.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are the functions of advocacy groups?
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Chapter 17: The Canadian Constitution and Constitutional Change
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Q1) What were the major reforms proposed by the Charlottetown Accord, 1992?
Q2) Which of the following requires unanimous federal and provincial consent in order to amend?
A)the use of English or French languages at the federal level
B)the principle of proportionate representation of the provinces in the House of Commons
C)the powers of the Senate
D)the method of selecting Senators
Q3) How does a written constitution differ from an unwritten one?
Q4) Which Prime Minister had a vision of a centralized, symmetrical, and bilingual federation?
A)Brian Mulroney
B)Paul Martin
C)Pierre Trudeau
D)Jean Chretien
Q5) The Supreme Court ruled that the rest of Canada would be obliged to negotiate with Quebec if 50 percent + 1 voted in favour of a clear question.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 18: The Federal System
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Q1) A conditional grant is given by the provinces to Ottawa providing it meets certain conditions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which term describes a division of powers between central and regional governments such that neither is subordinate to the other?
A)provincialism
B)federalism
C)a unitary government
D)constitutionalism
Q3) Province-building refers to the creation of provinces in the northern territories.
A)True
B)False
Q4) During the period of executive federalism, political parties and the public were given large roles in the decision-making process.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the federal-provincial financial relationship since 1940.
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Chapter 19: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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Q1) Who was responsible for enacting the Canadian Bill of Rights?
A)Pierre Trudeau
B)Lester B. Pearson
C)McKenzie King
D)John Diefenbaker
Q2) Property rights are not generally considered part of civil liberties in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How are language rights protected under the Charter of Rights and Freedom?
Q4) What did the courts consider an infringement on freedom of religion?
A)the Ontario Retail Business Holidays Act
B)Ontario's Separate School System
C)the Lord's Day Act
D)blood transfusions for minors against their parents' religious wishes
Q5) Saskatchewan and Quebec have both applied the notwithstanding clause at some point.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How are rights and freedoms classified? How have they historically been protected?
Page 23
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Chapter 20: The Policy-Making Process and Policy Instruments
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Q1) What term describes the different techniques of government intervention in society?
A)policy communities
B)policy approaches
C)policy initiatives
D)policy instruments
Q2) The state-centred approach assumes that whatever the formal phases of the policymaking process, the political system ultimately responds to the demands of the corporate elite.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Taxation has the effect of constraining behaviour in actually taking something tangible away from the individuals and corporations on whom it is imposed.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Explain the six phases of the policymaking process.
Q5) In terms of government intervention, explain how the role of the state has evolved over the last 100 years.
Page 24
Q6) What are stakeholders and what is their role in determining public policy?
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Chapter 21: The Executive: Crown, Prime Minister, and Cabinet
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Q1) Institutionalized Cabinets were a characteristic of the Canadian Cabinet before 1960.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What title is given to an MP who is appointed to assist a Cabinet minister?
A)parliamentary secretary
B)parliamentary assistant
C)executive assistant
D)chief of staff
Q3) Who are typically referred to as "ministers without portfolio"?
A)Cabinet ministers
B)deputy prime ministers
C)shadow Cabinet ministers
D)junior ministers
Q4) What is the formal written document that a minister submits to Cabinet to change government policy?
A)Treasury Board submission
B)Memorandum to Cabinet
C)bill
D)record of decision
25
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Chapter 22: The Bureaucracy
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Q1) The Department of Finance is an opponent of new department spending programs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Who handles human resources and financial and expenditure management?
A)Public Service Commission
B)Prime Minister's Office
C)Department of Finance
D)Treasury Board Secretariat
Q3) What reforms to the bureaucracy were proposed by the Gomery Inquiry?
Q4) Every province except Nova Scotia has supplemented other means of controlling the bureaucracy with the appointment of an ombudsman.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The principle of individual ministerial responsibility means that ministers must resign for mistakes made by their officials.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How is the Canadian bureaucracy controlled?
Q7) How are responsibility and accountability managed in departments?
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Chapter 23: Parliament
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Q1) Ontario has the most number of seats in the House of Commons with 121 seats.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What type of government exists when the governing party has fewer MPs than the combined opposition?
A)minority
B)majority
C)deadlocked
D)lame-duck
Q3) If a nonconfidence motion passes, the government must do one of two things. One option is to resign. What is the second option?
A)Ask the governor general for another chance.
B)Ask the Opposition for another chance.
C)Hold a referendum.
D)Call an election.
Q4) Legislative committees usually have an investigative function, to examine an issue before the government has made up its mind on how to deal with it.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 24: The Judiciary
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Q1) The basic function of an appeal court is to correct errors in the interpretation of the law.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Out of the nine Supreme Court justices, how many must originate from Quebec?
A)0
B)1
C)3
D)6
Q3) The principal legal basis of the Supreme Court of Canada is the Supreme Court Act.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What term describes the principle that precedents are binding on successive decisions?
A)pro bono
B)caveat emptor
C)stare decisis
D)quo vadis
Q5) What is the function of the judiciary?
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