Canadian Public Policy Final Exam
Course Introduction
Canadian Public Policy examines the development, implementation, and impact of public policies within Canada, focusing on the political, economic, and social factors that shape policy decisions at the federal, provincial, and local levels. The course explores the processes of policy-making, the roles of political institutions and stakeholders, and analyzes key policy areas such as healthcare, education, social welfare, and economic regulation. Through case studies and critical analysis, students gain insight into contemporary policy debates and the challenges of governing in a diverse and evolving Canadian society.
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Canadian Politics Critical Approaches 8th Edition by Christopher Cochrane
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Page 2
Chapter 1: Approaching the Study of Politics
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Q1) The Marxist approach is synonymous with the class approach.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q2) Government authority is based on accountability.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q3) The state-centred approach views those individuals endowed with the authority to formulate and implement public policies as basically autonomous from the rest of society.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) Which of the following form the three branches of government?
A)the executive, the legislature, and the judiciary
B)the legislature, the executive, and the administration
C)the executive, the courts, and Parliament
D)the Parliament, the Senate, and the courts
Answer: A
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Chapter 2: Institutional Foundations and the Evolution of the State
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Q1) In terms of initiating a bill, individual members of the House or Representative and the Senate have much less power than the members of the British parliamentary system.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) The word "confederation" used by the Fathers of Confederation is actually the opposite of its intended meaning.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Which term refers to the form of government in which the political executive must maintain the confidence of the elected legislature?
A)responsible government
B)representative government
C)federal government
D)democratic government
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Regionalism
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Q1) John A. Macdonald's 1879 National Policy saw free trade with the United States as a means of promoting and protecting the industrial heartland of Ontario.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Which approach does the staples theory best overlap with?
A)pluralism
B)political psychology
C)class analysis
D)rational choice theory
Answer: C
Q3) Which theory emphasizes the importance of natural resources to the Canadian national economy?
A)Keynesian economic
B)public choice
C)metropolitan-hinterland
D)staples
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Aboriginal Peoples
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Q1) Which document best supports the ideal of Aboriginal self-government?
A)Constitution Act, 1982
B)Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
C)Indian Act
D)White Paper
Q2) Which statement best describes the Indian Act?
A)It attempted to assimilate Aboriginals into the new white majority.
B)It is a model of Aboriginal self-government.
C)It was based on the Royal Proclamation of 1763.
D)It has no bearing on contemporary Aboriginal issues.
Q3) Compare and contrast the three main governance options that address the condition of Aboriginal life in Canada. Which of these options best benefits the Aboriginal people in Canada?
Q4) What sparked the Aboriginal movement in Canada?
A)the Quiet Revolution
B)the Official Languages Act
C)the White Paper
D)the Meech Lake Accord
Q5) What is meant by the term "Aboriginal self-government"?
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Chapter 5: French Canada and the Quebec Question
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Q1) What was Pierre Trudeau's intention in passing the Official Languages Act?
A)to create an environment where Quebec's demands could be heard
B)to undercut Quebec's demands for special status or independence
C)to strengthen the position of French in Quebec
D)to undermine English demands in French-speaking regions of the country
Q2) Which of the following was NOT a provision of the Meech Lake Accord?
A)recognition of Quebec as distinct society
B)provincial nominations of senators
C)Aboriginal self-government initiatives
D)constitutionalization of Quebec's rights in immigration
Q3) What is la francophonie?
A)an organization of French-speaking states
B)a Canadian pressure group representing all francophones
C)an association representing the interests of francophones outside Quebec
D)the satellite carrying French-language communications
Q4) Explain the evolution of linguistic conflicts in Canada. How did these conflicts progress?
Q5) What are some of the characteristics that make Quebec distinct?
Q6) Outline French-English relations within two of the following provinces: New Brunswick, Ontario, and Manitoba.
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Chapter 6: Ethnocultural Minorities
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Q1) What are some of the key changes in immigration policy since the early 1900s? Is the current immigration policy assisting or hindering the wellbeing of current and future immigrants into Canada?
Q2) One of the basic objectives of the multiculturalism policy was to assist immigrants in acquiring at least one official language.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Since the new EI reforms were introduced in 2012, the government claims that employers must show equal treatment to both unemployed Canadians and foreign workers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are some of the advancements in Canadian policies that have contributed toward creating equality and overcoming discrimination among ethnic Canadians?
Q5) In recent years, the bulk of immigrants to Canada have come from the Caribbean. A)True
B)False
Q6) What were the basic objectives of Pierre Trudeau's multiculturalism policy?
Q7) Why was there a backlash toward immigrants and visible minorities in the 1990s?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Gender
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Q1) Who was the first woman in Canada elected to lead a major national party?
A)Alexa McDonough
B)Audrey McLaughlin
C)Elizabeth May
D)Flora MacDonald
Q2) The "second wave" of the women's movement began about 1945.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What are some of the major challenges that women face regarding employment?
Q4) Bill C-38 recognized the legality of same-sex marriage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What province was last to extend women's right to vote in provincial elections?
A)Alberta
B)Manitoba
C)Quebec
D)Saskatchewan
Q6) Martha Black was the first woman elected to the House of Commons.
A)True
B)False
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Class
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Q1) The largest union in Canada is the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE).
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which category best describes the "working class"?
A)petit bourgeoisie
B)proletariat
C)new middle class
D)economic elite
Q3) List five suggestions for how governments could improve the lot of the poor.
Q4) The Employment and Social Insurance Act enacted by R.B. Bennett's Conservatives was declared unconstitutional by the courts.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What program is NOT part of the Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST)?
A)health
B)post-secondary education
C)rehabilitation
D)welfare
Q6) Why are the corporate elite thought to wield so much political power in Canada?
Q7) What is the significance of the social safety net?
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Chapter 9: Urbanrural Location, Religion, and Age
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Q1) How is party preference split between urban and rural areas?
Q2) What group usually supports mandatory retirement?
A)young people
B)seniors
C)trade unions
D)the political elite
Q3) Which group is currently least likely to experience political conflict with each other?
A)Christians and non-Christians
B)religious and non-religious groups
C)Christians and Muslims
D)Catholics and Protestants
Q4) What are some of the historical concerns of seniors within the Canadian political system?
Q5) Why was gun control legislation opposed by a majority of rural voters?
A)Many rural residents rely on hunting as a food source.
B)Hunting is a traditional part of rural culture.
C)It was felt registration would lead to confiscation.
D)Most rural residents reject state involvement in their daily lives.
Q6) What is the future for Canada's population?
11
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Chapter 10: Canadas External Environment: The United
States and the World
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Q1) What have been the results of the Free Trade Agreement and NAFTA for Canada?
Q2) Which international organization ordered Canada to discontinue a federal excise tax and postal subsidies following a complaint by the American government?
A)World Trade Organization
B)International Monetary Fund
C)G8
D)G20
Q3) According to the CRTC, what percentage of Canadian content is required to be shown by television stations?
A)25
B)50
C)60
D)90
Q4) Name five of the principle characteristics of globalization.
Q5) U.S. branch plants first proliferated in Canada following the introduction of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: The Canadian Political Culture
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Q1) Which concept is often expressed as the sanctity of individual economic freedom?
A)democracy
B)socialism
C)moralism
D)capitalism
Q2) Canadian demonstration of respect toward the law, judges, and police is called political efficacy.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Separatists centre on the "limited identities" and subcultures that characterize Canadian society.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How is popular sovereignty normally expressed in Canada?
A)referendums
B)appointment of judges
C)elections at specified intervals
D)mass protests
Q5) Explain two of the five values that constitute the traditional Canadian political culture.
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Chapter 12: Political Socialization, The Mass Media, and Public Opinion Polls
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Q1) What term is used to describe the sum total of opinions held by members of the public on any subject?
A)political culture
B)public interest
C)public opinion
D)public sector
Q2) The clearest discrepancy between public policy and public opinion is probably on the issue of capital punishment.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What percentage of Canadian homes subscribe to cable or satellite television?
A)50
B)65
C)85
D)90
Q4) Agenda setting deals with the manner in which information about an issue is presented.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compare and contrast the different agents of political socialization.
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Chapter 13: Elections and the Electoral System
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Questions
Q1) What are some of the similarities and differences in the discrepancies between seats and votes at the national and provincial levels?
Q2) Which statement is NOT an outcome of a mixed member proportional election system?
A)It would increase the representation of women and minorities.
B)It would result in wider representation within the Cabinet.
C)It would produce majority governments.
D)It would make every vote count.
Q3) What is NOT necessary for an individual to be nominated as a party's candidate?
A)being endorsed by the party leader
B)filing a financial statement
C)getting 100 local names on his or her nomination papers
D)paying a $1000 deposit
Q4) Who is in charge of the election process?
A)the governor general
B)the prime minister
C)the chief electoral officer
D)the elections commissioner
Q5) What are the primary functions of an election in the Canadian political system?
Page 15
Q6) Describe how election financing has evolved since pre-1974?
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Chapter 14: Political Parties and the Party System
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Q1) Explain the ideological differences between conservatism, social democracy, and liberalism.
Q2) Which cleavage is NOT a factor contributing to the formation of minor parties in Canada?
A)regional
B)ethnic
C)class
D)religious
Q3) The first bilingual Quebecker to become leader of the Progressive Conservative party was Pierre Elliot Trudeau.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Liberalism emphasizes government planning, regulation, ownership of some of the major industries, progressive taxation, and redistribution of income via social programs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Liberals can be divided into two very distinct categories: welfare and business. A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Election Campaign, Voting, and Political Participation
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Q1) Describe how an individual candidate competes for office at the local level?
Q2) Which statement best reflects national media advertising campaigns?
A)It is normally the most expensive part of the election campaign.
B)No party can spend any more than another.
C)All broadcasting time is paid for from the public purse.
D)No party is allowed to use foreign advisers.
Q3) Explain the sociodemographic bases of political party support in Canada.
Q4) The Liberals would probably have won a majority in the 2004 election had it not been for the sponsorship scandal.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In most parties, how are candidates selected?
A)appointed by the party leader
B)elected by the local constituency association
C)chosen by party headquarters
D)chosen by the local riding association president
Q6) Party advertising has recently become more synonymous with the concept of political marketing.
A)True
B)False Page 17
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Chapter 16: Advocacy Groups, Social Movements, and Lobbying
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Q1) Many advocacy groups, including teachers and nurses, are actually more strongly organized at the provincial level than at the federal level.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Advocacy groups tend to increase their public profile once an election has been called.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How do interest groups try to influence the bureaucracy and the executive branch of the government?
Q4) Canadian Aboriginal and women's groups use the United Nations to further their domestic causes.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Money, information, prestige, public support, and lack of opposition help to explain the significant influence of the Canadian Medical Association.
A)True
B)False
Page 19
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Chapter 17: The Canadian Constitution and Constitutional Change
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Q1) The JCPC was Canada's final court of appeal until 1949.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Canada clause was part of the Charlottetown Accord.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which Prime Minister had a vision of a centralized, symmetrical, and bilingual federation?
A)Brian Mulroney
B)Paul Martin
C)Pierre Trudeau
D)Jean Chretien
Q4) The Supreme Court ruled that Quebec had a right to a unilateral declaration of independence based on both international law and the Canadian Constitution.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What concerns were raised regarding the Meech Lake Accord, 1982?
Page 20
Q6) How does a written constitution differ from an unwritten one?
Q7) What were the major reforms proposed by the Charlottetown Accord, 1992?
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Chapter 18: The Federal System
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Q1) During the period of executive federalism, political parties and the public were given large roles in the decision-making process.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Canada Health Act allows the federal government to penalize provinces that do not cover all necessary health services provided by hospitals and medical practitioners.
A)True B)False
Q3) Province-building refers to the creation of provinces in the northern territories.
A)True B)False
Q4) What is NOT a characteristic of cooperative federalism?
A)federal-provincial taxation agreements
B)federal-provincial grant programs
C)federal-provincial conferences
D)federal-provincial conflicts are referred to the courts
Q5) How do federal-provincial relations affect the environment and Aboriginals in Canada?
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Chapter 19: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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Q1) The Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees minority language education rights to any linguistic group where numbers warrant.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Saskatchewan and Quebec have both applied the notwithstanding clause at some point.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What rights are covered under Sections 3-5 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A)democratic
B)legal
C)equality
D)fundamental
Q4) What was the significance of the Chaoulli case?
A)It set a limit for the right to be tried within a reasonable time.
B)It overturned the monopoly of public health care insurance for core medical services.
C)It limited freedom of expression in relation to pornography.
D)It extended sexual-orientation protection to same-sex couples.
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Page 22
Chapter 20: The Policy-Making Process and Policy Instruments
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Q1) The principal players involved in any policy community are sometimes called stakeholders.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Air Canada used to be a Crown corporation that has since been privatized.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following best describes the policymaking process in Canada?
A)priority-setting, initiation, policy formation, legitimation, implementation, interpretation
B)initiation, priority-setting, policy formation, legitimation, implementation, interpretation
C)initiation, priority-setting, policy formation, implementation, legitimation, interpretation
D)priority-setting, initiation, policy formation, implementation, interpretation, legitimation
Q4) Explain the advantages and disadvantages for citizens of governments' use of tax expenditures.
Q5) What are stakeholders and what is their role in determining public policy?
Q6) Describe and explain the significance of policy instruments?
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Chapter 21: The Executive: Crown, Prime Minister, and Cabinet
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Q1) Differentiate between the different central agencies. How significant are their functions and roles in Canadian politics?
Q2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the monarchy?
Q3) Individual ministerial responsibility means that all ministers must publicly defend all Cabinet policies or else resign.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Consider a government characterized by a monarch who is head of state but who rules according to the Constitution, which confides almost all governmental power into other hands. What form of government is this?
A)single executive
B)constitutional monarchy
C)republic
D)dominion
Q5) How powerful is the Prime Minister of Canada?
Q6) A Canadian constitutional convention requires that each province be represented in the Cabinet.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 22: The Bureaucracy
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Q1) How do central agencies function in relation to government departments?
Q2) How is the Canadian bureaucracy controlled?
Q3) How are government departments created?
A)through policies initiated by the Cabinet
B)through acts of Parliament
C)through constitutional amendments
D)through orders in council
Q4) What are the Estimates?
A)the spending proposals of each government department and agency
B)Statistics Canada projections of the population growth
C)Statistics Canada projections of the unemployment rate
D)Bank of Canada predictions of the growth of the national debt
Q5) Who provides an annual report of government funds that have been unlawfully or unwisely spent?
A)Auditor General
B)Information Commissioner
C)Environmental Commissioner
D)Comptroller of the Treasury
Q6) What is the purpose of Crown corporations?
Q7) How are responsibility and accountability managed in departments?
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Chapter 23: Parliament
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Q1) What type of government exists when the governing party has fewer MPs than the combined opposition?
A)minority
B)majority
C)deadlocked
D)lame-duck
Q2) What are the functions and powers of the House of Commons?
Q3) What motion is made when the government wants to call an election?
A)to prorogue Parliament
B)to dissolve Parliament
C)to adjourn Parliament
D)to terminate Parliament
Q4) A parliamentary session always begins with the speech from the throne prepared by the prime minister and read by the governor general.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Ontario has the most number of seats in the House of Commons with 121 seats.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are the stages of a bill becoming a law?
Page 26
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Chapter 24: The Judiciary
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Q1) The principal legal basis of the Supreme Court of Canada is the Supreme Court Act.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are the powers of the Supreme Court of Canada?
Q3) Canadian and provincial legal systems, with the exception of Quebec, operate in the tradition of the English civil law.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What term describes the principle that precedents are binding on successive decisions?
A)pro bono
B)caveat emptor
C)stare decisis
D)quo vadis
Q5) Which of the following is NOT considered public law?
A)company law
B)constitutional law
C)administrative law
D)taxation law
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