Canadian Political Institutions
Final Exam
Course Introduction
This course offers an in-depth examination of the structures and processes that define Canada's political system. Students explore the foundational principles of Canadian federalism, the Constitution, and the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, as well as the roles of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. The course also addresses the functions of provincial and territorial governments, municipal structures, the relationship with Indigenous governance, and the mechanisms of electoral systems and political parties. Through case studies and current events, students critically analyze how these institutions shape public policy, democratic participation, and the evolution of Canadian society.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Politics Critical Approaches 8th Edition by Christopher Cochrane
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Chapter 1: Approaching the Study of Politics
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Q1) Which approach best exemplifies the use of "brokerage politics"?
A)social cleavage
B)Marxist
C)pluralist
D)class
Answer: C
Q2) According to the institutional approach, what are the two main elements of politics and government that are considered to be the main essence of political analysis?
A)institutions and the constitution
B)bureaucracy and law
C)constitution and law
D)bureaucracy and courts
Answer: C
Q3) In the rational choice approach, "goal-oriented" is synonymous with "preference-oriented."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Institutional Foundations and the Evolution of the State
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Q1) In the Westminster model of government, what constitutes the core of the parliamentary system?
A)legislative assembly
B)bureaucracy
C)prime minister and the Cabinet
D)judiciary
Answer: C
Q2) Newfoundland and Labrador was the last province to be added to Canada.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The Act of Union united Ontario and Quebec.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) The ultimate independence of Canada is usually attributed to developments connected to the First World War.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Regionalism
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Q1) Which approach does the staples theory best overlap with?
A)pluralism
B)political psychology
C)class analysis
D)rational choice theory
Answer: C
Q2) The Prairie provinces succeeded in gaining control of their public lands and natural resources in 1905.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Which province leads the forestry industry?
A)Ontario
B)Quebec
C)New Brunswick
D)British Columbia
Answer: D
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Chapter 4: Aboriginal Peoples
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Q1) Which document best supports the ideal of Aboriginal self-government?
A)Constitution Act, 1982
B)Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
C)Indian Act
D)White Paper
Q2) Compare and contrast the three main governance options that address the condition of Aboriginal life in Canada. Which of these options best benefits the Aboriginal people in Canada?
Q3) The term "Indian" does not include the Métis and Inuit.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Before 1985, Aboriginal women lost their Indian status if they married a white man.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Who is represented by the Congress of Aboriginal Peoples advocacy group?
A)status Indians
B)non-status Indians
C)Métis
D)Inuit
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Chapter 5: French Canada and the Quebec Question
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Q1) What are some of the characteristics that make Quebec distinct?
Q2) Only two of the four clauses in Bill 101 were eventually deemed unconstitutional.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How can one apply the pluralist and state-based approaches to the discussion of French-English relations in Canada?
Q4) Which statement best describes Quebec nationalism before 1960?
A)French nationalism was largely subconscious.
B)French nationalism was inward looking and defensive.
C)French nationalism was loosely connected with the Roman Catholic Church.
D)French nationalism had strong ties to France.
Q5) Outline French-English relations within two of the following provinces: New Brunswick, Ontario, and Manitoba.
Q6) Explain the evolution of linguistic conflicts in Canada. How did these conflicts progress?
Q7) Quebec has had two referendums on sovereignty issues.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Ethnocultural Minorities
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Q1) What amendment was made to the Immigration Act in the 1960s?
A)to give preference to Caucasian applicants
B)to give preference to Caribbean applicants
C)to remove previous discriminatory provisions
D)to give preference to extended families
Q2) Britain was the leading source of immigrants between 1900 and 1965.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Since the new EI reforms were introduced in 2012, the government claims that employers must show equal treatment to both unemployed Canadians and foreign workers.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are some of the key changes in immigration policy since the early 1900s? Is the current immigration policy assisting or hindering the wellbeing of current and future immigrants into Canada?
Q5) Trace the history of immigration patterns in Canada from the 1860s to the present.
Q6) What were the basic objectives of Pierre Trudeau's multiculturalism policy?
Q7) Why was there a backlash toward immigrants and visible minorities in the 1990s?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Gender
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Q1) Canada has a comprehensive national day care program. A)True
B)False
Q2) What were the main concerns of first-wave feminists?
Q3) The National Action Committee on the Status of Women (NAC) actively supported the Meech Lake Accord.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Bill C-38 recognized the legality of same-sex marriage. A)True
B)False
Q5) In 1981, 51 percent of Canadians felt that homosexuality was "never justifiable." A)True
B)False
Q6) The National Action Committee on the Status of Women (NAC) was the foremost women's pressure group in the 1970s and 1980s, but has now virtually collapsed. A)True B)False
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Chapter 8: Class
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Q1) Within the apparatus of government, what is often seen as a lobby for big business?
A)House of Commons
B)judiciary
C)bureaucracy
D)Senate
Q2) The largest union in Canada is the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE).
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Social Credit Party pioneered hospital and medical insurance at the provincial level in Saskatchewan.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Collective bargaining is protected by the freedom of association clause in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms
A)True
B)False
Q5) There are currently almost one million Canadians living in poverty.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Urbanrural Location, Religion, and Age
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Q1) Which of the following was protected by the Constitution Act, 1867?
A)separate protestant school minority rights in Quebec
B)separate school minority rights in both Quebec and Ontario
C)separate Catholic school minority rights in Ontario
D)separate school minority rights in Manitoba
Q2) Rural Canada is overrepresented in the House of Commons.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The current fertility rates in Canada average at 1.5 births per woman.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Rural Canada is partly agricultural and the number of people engaged in farming is increasing.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the historical basis for a separate school system in Canada.
Q6) What are some of the historical concerns of seniors within the Canadian political system?
Q7) What is the future for Canada's population?
Q8) How is party preference split between urban and rural areas?
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Chapter 10: Canadas External Environment: The United
States and the World
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Q1) Which international organization ordered Canada to discontinue a federal excise tax and postal subsidies following a complaint by the American government?
A)World Trade Organization
B)International Monetary Fund
C)G8
D)G20
Q2) U.S. branch plants first proliferated in Canada following the introduction of the Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Canadian Auto Workers union was originally part of the United Auto Workers Union.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following strongly supported the Free Trade Agreement?
A)organized labour
B)western resource industries
C)the federal Liberal party
D)nationalist groups
Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Canadian Political Culture
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Q1) In traditional Canadian terms, popular sovereignty means frequent referenda.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are some of the main differences between fragment and formative event theories?
Q3) What is NOT considered a fundamental freedom?
A)freedom to vote
B)freedom of religion
C)freedom of peaceful assembly
D)freedom of thought
Q4) Explain two of the five values that constitute the traditional Canadian political culture.
Q5) Canadian demonstration of respect toward the law, judges, and police is called political efficacy.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The principle of "one person, one vote" is a minimal expression of political equality.
A)True
B)False
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Political Socialization, The Mass Media, and Public Opinion Polls
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Q1) How is public opinion in Canada measured?
Q2) The National Post supports the Conservatives.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the preferred medium for political information?
A)radio
B)Internet
C)newspapers
D)television
Q4) What percentage of Canadian homes subscribe to cable or satellite television?
A)50
B)65
C)85
D)90
Q5) Agenda setting deals with the manner in which information about an issue is presented.
A)True
B)False
Q7) How is the media involved in political agenda-setting? Page 14
Q6) Explain the class-analysis approach toward political socialization.
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Chapter 13: Elections and the Electoral System
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Q1) What type of government is most often produced by the first-past-the-post electoral system?
A)minority
B)dual party
C)popular
D)majority
Q2) What was the first election finance scandal to come to light in Canada?
A)the Beauharnois scandal
B)the Rivard scandal
C)the Gagliano scandal
D)the Pacific scandal
Q3) How does the discrepancy between seats won and popular vote affect political parties?
A)It results in party policies being directed only to areas where seats were won.
B)It results in distorted party leader selection.
C)It results in a broad representation of women and minorities.
D)It results in parties catering to areas where seats were lost.
Q4) What remedies to Canada's electoral system have been proposed to better reflect the distribution of the popular vote?
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Chapter 14: Political Parties and the Party System
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Q1) Which cleavage is NOT a factor contributing to the formation of minor parties in Canada?
A)regional
B)ethnic
C)class
D)religious
Q2) Liberals can be divided into two very distinct categories: welfare and business.
A)True
B)False
Q3) One-party dominant theory suggests that, rather than viewing the Canadian system as made up of two major parties, it has really been dominated by the Liberal party since 1900.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is a variant of liberalism?
A)pluralist
B)welfare
C)religious
D)communist
Q5) How does party ideology in Canada apply to the major Canadian political parties?
Page 17
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Chapter 15: The Election Campaign, Voting, and Political Participation
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Q1) Why are leadership debates felt to be important in a national campaign?
Q2) The leader's tour is primarily designed to generate national media coverage
A)True
B)False
Q3) One of the Liberals greatest campaign assets in 1993 was their Red Book.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Party advertising has recently become more synonymous with the concept of political marketing.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which party do French Canadians (from both in and out of Quebec) traditionally vote for?
A)Conservative
B)Bloc Québécois
C)NDP
D)Liberal
Q6) Describe how an individual candidate competes for office at the local level?
Page 18
Q7) Explain the sociodemographic bases of political party support in Canada.
Q8) How do core values and beliefs influence how Canadians vote?
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Chapter 16: Advocacy Groups, Social Movements, and Lobbying
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Q1) Who administers the Conflict of Interest Code for ministers?
A)Lobbying Registration Act
B)Ethics Commissioner
C)National Citizens Coalition
D)Employment and Social Development Canada
Q2) Advocacy groups that are permanent, well-established, formal organizations, usually with a head office in Ottawa, are known as issue-oriented groups.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Discuss three explanations for why advocacy groups are sometimes successful and sometimes not.
Q4) Which term refers to any organized attempt to influence the authorities?
A)campaigning
B)political participation
C)lobbying
D)socializing
Q5) What are the functions of advocacy groups?
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Q6) How do interest groups try to influence the bureaucracy and the executive branch of the government?
Chapter 17: The Canadian Constitution and Constitutional Change
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Q1) How does a written constitution differ from an unwritten one?
Q2) How have the constitutional changes affected Aboriginal Canadians?
Q3) Which Prime Minister had a vision of a centralized, symmetrical, and bilingual federation?
A)Brian Mulroney
B)Paul Martin
C)Pierre Trudeau
D)Jean Chretien
Q4) Which of the following declared Canada to be totally independent of Britain?
A)Constitution Act 1907
B)The Parliament of Canada Act
C)The British Parliament Act
D)Statute of Westminster
Q5) The JCPC was Canada's final court of appeal until 1949.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What concerns were raised regarding the Meech Lake Accord, 1982?
Q8) Explain the significance of the Clarity Act. Page 21
Q7) What were the major reforms proposed by the Charlottetown Accord, 1992?
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Chapter 18: The Federal System
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Q1) During the period of executive federalism, political parties and the public were given large roles in the decision-making process.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What has been the result of judicial interpretations of the Peace, Order, and Good Government clause?
A)a decrease in provincial powers
B)an increase in federal powers
C)an increase in provincial powers
D)an increase in POGG's prominence and importance
Q3) The Canada Health Act allows the federal government to penalize provinces that do not cover all necessary health services provided by hospitals and medical practitioners.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The Social Union Framework Agreement was embraced by Quebec.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the federal-provincial financial relationship since 1940.
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Chapter 19: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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Q1) Freedom of expression, security from search and seizure, and freedom of religion have all been extended by judicial interpretation to trade unions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What was the significance of the Chaoulli case?
A)It set a limit for the right to be tried within a reasonable time.
B)It overturned the monopoly of public health care insurance for core medical services.
C)It limited freedom of expression in relation to pornography.
D)It extended sexual-orientation protection to same-sex couples.
Q3) What did the courts consider an infringement on freedom of religion?
A)the Ontario Retail Business Holidays Act
B)Ontario's Separate School System
C)the Lord's Day Act
D)blood transfusions for minors against their parents' religious wishes
Q4) Which characteristic is NOT explicitly listed in section 15 of the Charter?
A)age
B)sexual orientation
C)race
D)physical disability
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Chapter 20: The Policy-Making Process and Policy
Instruments
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Q1) Explain the advantages and disadvantages for citizens of governments' use of tax expenditures.
Q2) Which economic theory suggests that the government should intervene with increased spending, even to the extent of borrowing, in order to transfer to individuals?
A)Keynesian economics
B)laissez-faire
C)neo-conservatism
D)neo-liberalism
Q3) In terms of government intervention, explain how the role of the state has evolved over the last 100 years.
Q4) What type of management best describes coordination among the many federal government departments?
A)vertical
B)administrative
C)policy coordination
D)horizontal
Q5) Explain the six phases of the policymaking process.
25
Q6) Describe and explain the significance of policy instruments?
Q7) What are stakeholders and what is their role in determining public policy?
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Chapter 21: The Executive: Crown, Prime Minister, and Cabinet
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Q1) Consider a government characterized by a monarch who is head of state but who rules according to the Constitution, which confides almost all governmental power into other hands. What form of government is this?
A)single executive
B)constitutional monarchy
C)republic
D)dominion
Q2) Who are typically referred to as "ministers without portfolio"?
A)Cabinet ministers
B)deputy prime ministers
C)shadow Cabinet ministers
D)junior ministers
Q3) Balancing ethnic representation in Parliament is a cabinet-making convention in Canada
A)True
B)False
Q4) Compare and contrast the concepts of individual ministerial responsibility and collective ministerial responsibility.
Q5) How powerful is the Prime Minister of Canada?
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Chapter 22: The Bureaucracy
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Q1) Every province except Nova Scotia has supplemented other means of controlling the bureaucracy with the appointment of an ombudsman.
A)True
B)False
Q2) VIA Rail, Canada Mortgage and Housing, and the Bank of Canada are examples of regulatory agencies.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Department of Finance is an opponent of new department spending programs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What reforms to the bureaucracy were proposed by the Gomery Inquiry?
Q5) What is the purpose of Crown corporations?
Q6) The CRTC, the Canadian Transportation Authority, and the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission are examples of royal commissions.
A)True
B)False
Q7) How do central agencies function in relation to government departments?
Q8) How is the Canadian bureaucracy controlled?
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Chapter 23: Parliament
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Q1) Explain the concept of party discipline.
Q2) Explain the relevance and significance of the Canadian senate.
Q3) How many days are allotted as opposition days?
A)19
B)20
C)21
D)22
Q4) What motion is made when the government wants to call an election?
A)to prorogue Parliament
B)to dissolve Parliament
C)to adjourn Parliament
D)to terminate Parliament
Q5) The Senate has a veto over all legislation except money bills.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The Cabinet has an absolute monopoly on the introduction of financial legislation in the House.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What are the stages of a bill becoming a law?
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Chapter 24: The Judiciary
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Q1) Which of the following is NOT considered an aspect of adjudication?
A)mediating differences between two disputing parties
B)interpreting the law in cases of dispute
C)applying the law to settle disputes
D)making a judgment
Q2) Who is the most recently appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Canada?
A)Beverley McLachlin
B)Marie Deschamps
C)Rosalie Abella
D)Morris Fish
Q3) Canadian and provincial legal systems, with the exception of Quebec, operate in the tradition of the English civil law.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What term describes the principle that precedents are binding on successive decisions?
A)pro bono
B)caveat emptor
C)stare decisis
D)quo vadis
Page 29
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