Canadian Political Institutions
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Course Introduction
This course offers a comprehensive examination of the structure and functioning of Canadian political institutions, including the Constitution, Parliament, the executive, the judiciary, and federal-provincial relations. Students will explore the historical evolution of these institutions, their roles in shaping public policy, and the impact of political culture, parties, and interest groups on governance. Emphasis is placed on understanding the relationship between institutional design and the practice of democracy in Canada, as well as the challenges and debates surrounding reform and inclusivity within the political system.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Politics Critical Approaches 7th Edition by Rand Dyck
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The study of politics
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Q1) Feedback is a communication of outputs back into the system, in response to which the pattern of demands and support is altered.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Government authority is based on accountability.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) The behaviour of individual politicians is an example of the political psychology approach.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q4) Compare and contrast two of the five approaches to the study of politics (institutional, state- based, political sociology, political psychology and political behaviour approaches and rational choice approach).
Answer: Answers will vary.
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Institutional foundations and the evolution of the state
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Q1) What province was NOT part of the Maritime union consideration in the 1860s?
A)Prince Edward Island
B)Newfoundland and Labrador
C)Nova Scotia
D)New Brunswick
Answer: B
Q2) What is the significance of the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
A)It transferred control of Quebec from France to Britain.
B)It created a legislative assembly in Quebec.
C)It attempted to protect the interests of Aboriginal peoples.
D)It combined French civil law with British criminal law.
Answer: C
Q3) Which of the following was created under the 1774 Quebec Act?
A) an appointed council to advice the governor
B)the colony of Quebec
C)the double majority system
D)the Quebec conference
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Regionalism
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Q1) Why are crown corporations created?
A)for a public policy purpose
B)as a regulatory agency
C)with the intention of maximizing their profits
D)with the hope of becoming privatized as quickly as possible
Answer: A
Q2) What does the Crow rate refer to?
A)the unequal economic relationship between inner and outer Canada
B)a subsidized freight rate that disadvantaged the West
C)a subsidized freight rate that advantaged the West
D)a means of encouraging the Prairies to export their wheat via British Columbia
Answer: C
Q3) How has Canada has tried to combat regional economic disparities?
A)by encouraging interprovincial trading partnerships
B)by encouraging international ownership of natural resources
C)through regional economic development programs
D)through national economic development programs
Answer: C
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5
Chapter 4: Aboriginal peoples
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Q1) What is meant by the term "Aboriginal self-government"?
Q2) The Calder case gave off-reserve Indians the right to vote in band elections.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What sparked the Aboriginal movement in Canada?
A)the Quiet Revolution
B)the Official Languages Act
C)the White Paper
D)the Meech Lake Accord
Q4) Non-status Indians are divided between on-and off-reserve
A)True
B)False
Q5) The first provincial comprehensive land claim settlement was the Nisga'a treaty.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Which document best supports the ideal of Aboriginal self-government?
A)the Constitution Act, 1982
B)the Royal Commission on Aboriginal Peoples
C)the Indian Act
D)the White Paper
Page 6
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Chapter 5: french canada and the quebec question
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Q1) Quebec has had two referendums on sovereignty issues.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following was NOT a major crisis in French-English relations?
A)the Riel Rebellions
B)Ontario Regulation 17
C)Conscription in World War I
D)the King-Byng Affair
Q3) The sponsorship scandal of the federal Liberal party led to an increase in support for sovereignty within Quebec.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Pierre Trudeau opposed the "special status" or "distinct society" approach for Quebec.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The limit on Bill 178 was 5 years.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are some of the characteristics that make Quebec distinct?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Ethnocultural minorities
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Q1) In recent years, the bulk of immigrants to Canada have come from the Caribbean.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Some critics argue that multiculturalism emphasizes our differences rather than our similarities as Canadians.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What were the basic objectives of Trudeau's multiculturalism policy?
Q4) Britain was the leading source of immigrants between 1900 and 1965.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are some of the advancements in Canadian policies that have contributed toward creating equality and overcoming discrimination among ethnic Canadians?
Q6) Since the new EI reforms were introduced in 2012, the government claims that employers must show equal treatment to both unemployed Canadians and foreign workers.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Why was there a backlash toward immigrants and visible minorities in the 1990s?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Gender
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Q1) Which political parties have women historically supported?
A)the Liberals and the NDP
B)the Liberals and the Conservatives
C)the Green Party and the NDP
D)the Conservatives and the NDP
Q2) Who was the first woman in Canada elected to lead a major national party?
A)Alexa McDonough
B)Audrey McLaughlin
C)Elizabeth May
D)Flora MacDonald
Q3) What was the significance of the Halpern v.Canada case?
A)The Supreme Court ruled in favour of Aboriginal fishing rights.
B)The BC Court of Appeal recognized the Nisga'a land title.
C)The Supreme Court ruled that women were not considered "persons" under the law.
D)The Ontario Court of Appeal ruled the immediate recognition of same-sex marriages.
Q4) Bill C-38 recognized the legality of same-sex marriage.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Class
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Q1) The Liberal government introduced the Unemployment Act in 1940.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What program is NOT part of the Canada Health and Social Transfer (CHST)?
A)health
B)post-secondary education
C)rehabilitation
D)welfare
Q3) Which category best describes the "working class"?
A)petit bourgeoisie
B)proletariat
C)new middle class
D)economic elite
Q4) Why are the corporate elite thought to wield so much political power in Canada?
Q5) The Social Credit Party pioneered hospital and medical insurance at the provincial level in Saskatchewan.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What does it mean to be "class-conscious? How does this sentiment affect the working and poor classes in Canada?
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Other cleavages and identities: urban/rural location,
religion, and age
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Q1) Rural Canada is partly agricultural and the number of people engaged in farming is increasing.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which two provinces were the last to handle divorces in their own courts?
A)Ontario and Quebec
B)Ontario and Newfoundland and Labrador
C)Quebec and Newfoundland and Labrador
D)Ontario and British Columbia
Q3) What was the first main religious demand in Canada?
A)establishing the Roman Catholic religion as the main dominant religion in Canada
B)establishing separate school systems for Roman Catholics and Protestants
C)establishing the Protestant religion as the main dominant religion in Canada
D)establishing a Roman Catholic-based constitution
Q4) Seniors were one of the last groups in society identified for public support by the federal government.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is the future for Canada's population?
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Chapter 10: CanadaS external environment: the united states and the world
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Q1) What is the dispute-settlement mechanism?
A)a provision of the Canada-U.S.Free Trade Agreement to settle trade disputes
B)a provision of the Parliament of Canada Act to settle disputes between the House of Commons and the Senate
C)a provision of the Canadian Constitution to settle federal-provincial disputes
D)a provision of the UN Charter to settle disputes among nation states
Q2) GATT replaced the Foreign Investment Review Agency in 1984.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is a Crown corporation
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is a criticism of foreign investment?
A)Less capital may leave the country than was initially invested.
B)Research and development occurs outside the parent plant.
C)It lowers the standard of living for Canadians.
D)It increases the number of jobs in sciences in Canada.
Q5) What are some of the benefits for Canada to establish a free trade agreement with the US?
Q6) Name five of the principle characteristics of globalization. Page 12
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Chapter 11: The Canadian Political Culture
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Q1) What is the term used to describe distinctive collections of values, beliefs, attitudes, and orientations held by smaller groups within the society?
A)mindsets
B)provinces
C)subcultures
D)identities
Q2) What ideology argues that each person should have maximum freedom or liberty?
A)individualism
B)collectivism
C)liberalism
D)Marxism
Q3) Canadian demonstration of respect toward the law, judges, and police is called political efficacy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Three of the most significant cases involving a serious infringement of political freedom occurred at the federal level.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Political socialization, the mass media, and Public opinion polls
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Q1) Who owns the Toronto Sun?
A)Quebecor/Sun Media
B)Black Press
C)Continental
D)Transcontinental
Q2) The Harper government has been maintaining strict control over the flow of information and therefore, has been less accessible to reporters.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the class-analysis approach toward political socialization.
Q4) What term is used to describe the sum total of opinions held by members of the public on any subject?
A)political culture
B)public interest
C)public opinion
D)public sector
Q5) The Toronto Star is read by more than 90 percent of media executives.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Elections and the electoral system
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Q1) Describe how election financing has evolved since pre-1974?
Q2) The three territories are each given one seat automatically. A)True
B)False
Q3) Which statement is NOT an outcome of a mixed member proportional election system?
A)It would increase the representation of women and minorities.
B)It would result in wider representation within the Cabinet.
C)It would produce majority governments.
D)It would make every vote count.
Q4) The percentage of all votes cast that is won by a candidate or a party, regardless of who was elected, is called the qualified majority.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Strategic voting is most common in the first-past-the-post electoral system. A)True
B)False
Q6) What remedies to Canada's electoral system have been proposed to better reflect the distribution of the popular vote?
Page 16
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Chapter 14: Political parties and the party system
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Q1) What theory postulates that the Liberal and Conservative parties have no central ideology and merely promise to satisfy the most important interests felt by the voters at any given time?
A)the one-party dominant theory
B)the broker theory
C)the class-based theory
D)the pluralist theory
Q2) What party system categorized the decade between 1993 and 2003?
A)two-plus party system
B)two-plus-two party system
C)multiparty system
D)three party system
Q3) Where in the ideological spectrum is the Liberal Party located?
A)left
B)centre
C)right
D)centre left
Q4) What were some of the issues and factors that moved Canada from a third to a fourth party system?
Q5) How does party ideology in Canada apply to the major Canadian political parties?
Page 17
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Chapter 15: Parties, voting, and The election campaign
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Q1) Regional factors have recently been the strongest sociodemographic influence in Canadian voting behaviour.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Why are leadership debates felt to be important in a national campaign?
Q3) The leader's tour is primarily designed to boost the chances of local candidates.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Why was Elizabeth May, the leader of the Green Party, not allowed to participate in the 2011 leaders debate?
A)because her party had no seats in the House of Commons before the election
B)because her party did not have the minimum required seats needed to establish itself as a national party
C)because her party was relatively new
D)because Elizabeth May did not hold a seat in the previous elections
Q5) How do core values and beliefs influence how Canadians vote?
Q6) What role do the media play in a party's election campaign?
Q7) Describe how an individual candidate competes for office at the local level?
Page 18
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Chapter 16: Advocacy groups, social movements, and lobbying
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Q1) What lobbying technique are institutionalized advocacy groups most likely to use?
A)demonstrations and blockades
B)lobbying judges and court officials
C)lobbying the bureaucracy
D)lobbying members of Parliament
Q2) Under whose administration did lobbyist efforts switch from minister's office to the level of senior bureaucracy?
A)Mulroney
B)Chrétien
C)Martin
D)Harper
Q3) The Gomery Report on the Quebec sponsorship scandal under Chrétien supported further revisions to the lobbying registration scheme.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How does the federal structure of government affect the way in which pressure groups are organized?
Q5) What are the functions of advocacy groups?
Page 19
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Chapter 17: The Canadian constitution and constitutional change
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Q1) What province was NOT part of the new Dominion of Canada that was formed through the Constitution Act of 1867?
A)Nova Scotia
B)Prince Edward Island
C)New Brunswick
D)Ontario
Q2) What makes up the formal, legal documents of the Canadian Constitution?
A)the Constitution Act, 1867; the Constitution Act, 1982; and certain British and Canadian Statutes
B)the Constitution Act, 1867; the Statute of Westminster; and the Constitution Act, 1982
C)the Constitution Act, 1867; the Constitution Act, 1982; and the Bill of Rights
D)the Constitution Act, 1867; the Constitution Act, 1982; and the Charter
Q3) In 1993, Chretien's liberal party was elected not because of constitutional issues, but rather on the promise of improving the economy.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What concerns were raised regarding the Meech Lake Accord, 1982?
Q5) How have the constitutional changes affected Aboriginal Canadians?
Page 20
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Chapter 18: The provinces and the federal system
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Q1) Which statement best describes the Canadian Health and Social Transfer?
A)It lumped health, postsecondary education, and social assistance grants together.
B)It increased federal contributions to the provinces.
C)It outlawed provincial workfare schemes.
D)It transferred all responsibility for health and social programs to the provinces.
Q2) How do federal-provincial relations affect the environment and Aboriginals in Canada?
Q3) In-between the two world wars, Canada experienced a period of classical federalism
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which term describes a division of powers between central and regional governments such that neither is subordinate to the other?
A)provincialism
B)federalism
C)a unitary government
D)constitutionalism
Q5) Explain the federal-provincial financial relationship since 1940.
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Chapter 19: The charter of rights and freedoms
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Q1) Freedom of expression, security from search and seizure, and freedom of religion have all been extended by judicial interpretation to trade unions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What rights are covered under Sections 3-5 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
A)democratic
B)legal
C)equality
D)fundamental
Q3) What rights are not enshrined in the Charter of Rights and Freedom, although it is recognized in law?
A)economic
B)equality
C)legal
D)language
Q4) What are the arguments levied against an increased role of the courts in the political process?
Q5) How are language rights protected under the Charter of Rights and Freedom?
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Chapter 20: Governing: the policymaking process and policy instruments
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Q1) Which economic theory suggests that the government should intervene with increased spending, even to the extent of borrowing, in order to transfer to individuals?
A)Keynesian economics
B)laissez-faire
C)neo-conservatism
D)neo-liberalism
Q2) Describe and explain the significance of policy instruments?
Q3) What are stakeholders and what is their role in determining public policy?
Q4) What term describes a course of action or inaction chosen by public authorities to address a given problem or interrelated set of problems?
A)public policy
B)policy instruments
C)symbolic response
D)regulation
Q5) The government loses revenue because of tax credits and tax exemptions as in the example of RRSPs.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Explain the six phases of the policymaking process.
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Chapter 21: The executive: crown, prime minister, and cabinet
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Q1) What is the formal written document that a minister submits to Cabinet to change government policy?
A)a Treasury Board submission
B)a Memorandum to Cabinet
C)a bill
D)a record of decision
Q2) Who is regarded as the highest-ranking public servant?
A)governor of the Bank of Canada
B)chief of Staff
C)clerk of the Privy Council and secretary to the Cabinet
D)auditor general
Q3) The Treasury Board is a section of the Department of Finance.
A)True
B)False
Q4) It is possible for the prime minister to name someone to the Cabinet who has not won the election.
A)True
B)False
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Q5) What are some of the functions of the Crown in relation to the executive branch of Canadian government?
Chapter 22: The bureaucracy
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Q1) What is the purpose of Crown corporations?
Q2) The Department of Finance is an opponent of new department spending programs. A)True
B)False
Q3) The CRTC, the Canadian Transportation Authority, and the Canadian Nuclear Safety Commission are examples of royal commissions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) How is the Canadian bureaucracy controlled?
Q5) Every province except Nova Scotia has supplemented other means of controlling the bureaucracy with the appointment of an ombudsman.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How are responsibility and accountability managed in departments?
Q7) The Auditor General is considered an agent of Parliament.
A)True
B)False
Q8) What reforms were made to the bureaucracy under the New Public Management?
Q9) What reforms to the bureaucracy were proposed by the Gomery Inquiry?
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Chapter 22: The bureaucracy
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Q1) Party house leaders are responsible for ensuring that their members are present for important votes and that they vote the right way.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Explain the relevance and significance of the Canadian senate.
Q3) The number of MPs representing the agricultural field is by far the fewest compared to other fields.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is NOT considered a principal function of the House of Commons?
A)legislative
B)representation
C)scrutiny
D)judiciary
Q5) There were 12 minority governments between 1867 and 2011.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are the functions and powers of the House of Commons?
Q7) What are the stages of a bill becoming a law?
Q8) Describe a typical week in the House of Commons.
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Chapter 24: The judiciary
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Q1) What are some of the issues and challenges that come with appointing judges?
Q2) Explain the principle of judicial independence.How does this relate to the removal of judges?
Q3) Ontario is the only province that requires legislation in order to remove a provincial court judge.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What term describes the principle that precedents are binding on successive decisions?
A)pro bono
B)caveat emptor
C)stare decisis
D)quo vadis
Q5) Out of the nine Supreme Court justices, how many must originate from Quebec?
A)0
B)1
C)3
D)6
Q6) What are some of the main similarities and differences between civil and criminal law?
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