Canadian Nursing Practice
Exam Materials
Course Introduction
Canadian Nursing Practice explores the foundational principles, standards, and competencies essential to the nursing profession within the Canadian healthcare context. The course covers the role of the registered nurse in providing culturally safe, ethical, and evidence-informed care to diverse populations across the lifespan. Emphasis is placed on understanding Canadian health systems, regulatory frameworks, interprofessional collaboration, and the importance of communication and critical thinking in clinical decision-making. Students will develop practical skills and knowledge necessary to deliver patient-centered care while navigating contemporary issues and trends influencing nursing practice in Canada.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Nursing Issues and Perspectives 5th Edition by Janet C. Ross
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25 Chapters
375 Verified Questions
375 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Canadian Health Care System
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Q1) Recession has led to many discussions about privatizing health care. Although a number of provinces conducted experiments in privatization, the results have not been made public, largely because these experiments violate which following principle of health care legislation in Canada?
A)Accessibility
B)Universality
C)Portability
D)Public administration
Answer: D
Q2) Which government act confirmed the historical division of powers between the Canadian federal government and the provinces in relation to responsibility for health care?
A)British North America Act
B)Constitution Act of 1982
C)Canada Health Act of 1984
D)National Medicare Act
Answer: B
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Q1) To which province did the Grey Nuns travel first while opening up Western Canada to health care?
A)Alberta
B)Manitoba
C)Saskatchewan
D)British Columbia Answer: B
Q2) Communicable disease took a major toll on the health of the nuns who first worked in Quebec to care for the sick. In which year did the worst recorded smallpox epidemic-during which more than 25% of the nuns died-take place?
A)1694
B)1697
C)1700
D)1703
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Professionalization in Canadian Nursing
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Q1) In which year was the first North American Code of Ethics for nursing published?
A)1945
B)1950
C)1955
D)1960 Answer: B
Q2) Which province was the first to require mandatory registration for nurses?
A)Alberta
B)Ontario
C)Quebec
D)Newfoundland
Answer: D
Q3) Which of the following is a trend in current-day nursing that facilitates professional nursing practice?
A)Decreased specialization
B)Decreased scope of practice
C)Expansion of certification programs
D)Levelling out of the technology learning curve
Answer: C
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Professional Image: Impact and Strategies for Change
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Q1) What is another term for self-image?
A)Body image
B)Self-esteem
C)Internal image
D)Self-confidence
Q2) Which following group of health care providers has the most members in Canada?
A)Physicians
B)Chiropractors
C)Physiotherapists
D)Registered nurses
Q3) Which one of the following approaches could enhance the image of nursing?
A)Have nurses conduct needs assessments of the public
B)Give out awards for positive media portrayal of nurses
C)Provide nursing recruitment materials that focus on technological competence
D)Emphasize the nonprofessional aspects of employment in nursing
Q4) Who was considered to be the first nurse researcher?
A)Sairey Gamp
B)Edith Cavell
C)Sister Mary Kenny
D)Florence Nightingale
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Chapter 5: Issues of Gender and Diversity in Nursing
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Q1) Which feminist framework is seen as liberating nursing from the narrow environment of the individual and family to the environmentally conscious setting of the larger world?
A)Eco-feminist
B)Social feminist
C)Radical feminist
D)Liberal feminist
Q2) What is the approximate proportion of male nurses in Canada?
A)4%
B)4.5%
C)5%
D)5.5%
Q3) Which of the following reflects the liberal feminist stance as identified by Chinn and Wheeler in 1985?
A)The resolution of all inequalities
B)Analysis of socio-cultural phenomena
C)Women are seen as an oppressed group
D)Issues need to be defined from a female perspective of the world
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Chapter 6: Theoretical Issues in Nursing
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Q1) Which reason is cited for why nurses were inhibited rather than supported in their systematic and critical thinking while implementing nursing theories?
A)Because of their specific language requirements
B)Because of their rigid application of the frameworks
C)Because they used foreign words and concepts for practice
D)Because they were unable to explicitly define the metaparadigm of nursing
Q2) Which theorist attempted to depict an irreducible abstract conceptualization of "unitary human beings"?
A)Rosemarie Parse
B)Dorothy Johnson
C)Margaret Newman
D)Sister Callista Roy
Q3) Which one of the following reflects an alternative paradigmatic position to general systems theory?
A)Totality theory
B)Simultaneity theory
C)Basic human needs theory
D)Human development theory
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8
Chapter 7: Thinking Philosophically in Nursing
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Q1) If nurses are to philosophize, they must first develop their sense of which one of the following?
A)Truth
B)Sight
C)Wonder
D)Righteousness
Q2) It is difficult to document accountability for one's practice without having _______ within which to evaluate practice.
A)An evaluation framework
B)A needs-based assessment
C)An explanatory framework
D)Standards of nursing practice
Q3) The document Toward 2020: Visions for Nursing states that by the year 2020, registered nurses should be doing much of the work currently done by which following health care professional?
A)General practitioner
B)Clinical nurse specialist
C)Licensed practical nurse
D)Advanced nurse practitioner
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Nursing Research in Canada
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Q1) In which year was the first Centre for Nursing Research in Canada established?
A)1961
B)1966
C)1971
D)1976
Q2) What were the earliest strategic health research priorities of the National Health Research and Development Program (NHRDP)?
A)Aging and AIDS
B)Prenatal care and early beginnings
C)Cardiovascular disease and diabetes
D)Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease
Q3) What did most funding agencies cite as a barrier to research utilization in the 1990s?
A)Lack of grant applications
B)Unavailability of doctoral-prepared faculty
C)The Internet and the World Wide Web
D)Ineffective dissemination of research findings
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Chapter 9: Knowledge Translation and Evidence-Informed Practice
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Q1) Which following intervention would be most effective for promoting research-based nursing practice?
A)Distributing research studies on the unit
B)Attaching reference articles to nurses' pay stubs
C)Encouraging nurses to subscribe to peer-reviewed nursing journals
D)Offering in-service courses about skills needed to read and interpret nursing research findings
Q2) During which decade did the modern evidence-informed practice movement begin?
A)1950s
B)1960s
C)1970s
D)1980s
Q3) Which one of the following is a barrier to research utilization?
A)Cost and time constraints
B)Positive attitudes about research
C)The large quantity of research on a particular subject
D)Lack of organizational and administrative support for research
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Chapter 10: Health Informatics and Canadian Nursing Practice
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Q1) Which province hosted the first national conference to generate a consensus on a Canadian Nursing Minimum Data Set (NMDS)?
A)Ontario
B)Alberta
C)Nova Scotia
D)British Columbia
Q2) What does the term "online nursing community" refer to?
A)Online databases
B)Online search engines
C)Electronic communication resources
D)Educational and informatics resources
Q3) Which of the following includes the scope of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP)?
A)Assessment and data sets
B)Interventions, diagnoses, and outcomes
C)Assessment, planning, and interventions
D)Patient goals, interventions, and evaluation
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Primary Health Care: Challenges and Opportunities for
the Nursing Profession
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Q1) Which one of the following may limit the potential for Primary Health Care?
A)Funding
B)Human resources
C)Resource allocation
D)Inconsistent terminology
Q2) Removing legislative barriers for health care providers has been cited as a challenge to the implementation of Primary Health Care and relates to which Primary Health Care principle?
A)Appropriate technology
B)Accessibility
C)Intersectoral and interdisciplinary collaboration
D)Health promotion and illness prevention
Q3) Which following reason has been cited for why nurses are in a key position to advocate for policies that influence health?
A)Nurses have no labour organizations to negotiate with.
B)Nurses represent the largest group of health care professionals.
C)Nurses are far removed from observing how policies influence health.
D)Nurses need to acquire new roles as the traditional ones are depleted.
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Chapter 12: Quality of Care: From Quality Assurance and Improvement to Cultures of Patient Safety
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Q1) What is the goal of methods used to standardize the process of continuous quality improvement?
A)Detection of errors
B)Prevention of errors
C)Identification of people problems
D)Evaluation of organizational functioning
Q2) For which percentage of the time were critical standards expected to be achieved in quality assurance programs, in relation to the level established by the program directors?
A)50%
B)75%
C)90%
D)100%
Q3) Which one of the following is a limitation of most quality assurance programs?
A)The high validity of the instruments used for evaluation.
B)The retrospective focus on achievement of standards.
C)The need to achieve predetermined standards in the clinical setting.
D)The acceptable reliability of the instruments used for assessment.
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Chapter 13: The Practising Nurse and the Law
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Q1) The majority of lawsuits against health care providers are classified as which following type?
A)Intentional tort
B)Criminal charge
C)Unintentional tort
D)Medical malpractice
Q2) Which following patient would be considered most complex in relation to the question of consent?
A)A 38-year-old male with Down syndrome
B)A 76-year-old female with macular degeneration
C)A 22-year-old female seeking a therapeutic abortion
D)A 60-year-old male with complaints of chest pain in the ER
Q3) In which year was the Canadian Nurses Protective Society (CNPS) established?
A)1988
B)1992
C)1996
D)2000
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15
Chapter 14: Ethical Issues and Dilemmas in Nursing Practice
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Q1) Whose responsibility is it to write a "do not resuscitate" (DNR) order?
A)Patient
B)Nurse
C)Anaesthetist
D)Physician
Q2) Which type of treatment would take priority when applying the principle of just allocation of health care resources?
A)Treatments that can benefit many
B)Treatments that provide marginal benefits
C)Treatments that can benefit only children
D)Treatments that are more controversial
Q3) Which of the following is true of early codes of ethics for nursing?
A)They were similar to nursing guidelines.
B)They were prescriptive in nature.
C)They provided a framework for ethical decisions.
D)They enabled nurses to fulfill responsibilities to the public and the profession.
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Chapter 15: Shortage or Oversupply the Nursing Workforce
Pendulum
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Q1) Which province gains the most nurses through inter-jurisdictional mobility?
A)Ontario
B)Quebec
C)Nova Scotia
D)Newfoundland
Q2) Which percentage of the nursing workforce was made up of nurse practitioners in 2007?
A)1.5%
B)2.3%
C)3.2%
D)4.1%
Q3) Which following trend has caused an increase in RN demand both nationally and internationally?
A)Globalization
B)Longer hospital stays
C)Decreased acuity of care
D)The shift from community to hospital care
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Political Awareness in Nursing
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Q1) In relation to the public-private funding debate, which group would argue for increasing the proportion of costs funded through the private sector?
A)Liberals
B)Feminists
C)Conservatives
D)Canadians who are politically active
Q2) Which one of the following is an example of nurses' involvement in successful lobbying for important public health measures?
A)Infant car seat legislation
B)Bicycle helmet use
C)Legislation regarding the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions
D)Annual influenza immunizations and clinics
Q3) Which movement that occurred parallel to unionism in nursing during the 1960s had a positive impact on nurses challenging the status quo assiduously and assertively?
A)The War Movement
B)The Women's Movement
C)The Civil Rights Movement
D)The Counter Culture Movement
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18
Chapter 17: Emergence of Nursing Unions As a Social Force in Canada
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Q1) In which year did the completion of the process that entailed the separation of professional associations take place?
A)1985
B)1987
C)1989
D)1992
Q2) Which of the following is an area for which professional associations are not responsible?
A)Ethics
B)Staff nurse salaries
C)Standards of practice
D)Disciplinary measures for members
Q3) In which year did the Alberta government enact legislation that made it illegal for hospital nurses to strike?
A)1981
B)1982
C)1983
D)1984
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Chapter 18: The Origins and Development of Nursing
Education in Canada
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Q1) Which important aspect of the original Nightingale school was lacking in the first hospital schools of North America?
A)Textbooks
B)Experienced nurses
C)Mission statements
D)Financial autonomy
Q2) Which Canadian province was the first to have a university admit women for study?
A)Ontario
B)Alberta
C)New Brunswick
D)Newfoundland
Q3) In the 1920s, the Weir Report identified the health of nursing students as a concern. At that time, student nurses were required to work up to how many hours per week?
A)45
B)54
C)78
D)87
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Entry to Practice: Striving for the Baccalaureate
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Q1) In 1996, all collaborative nursing programs in Alberta (except for those at the University of Alberta) were required to do which of the following because the Alberta government would not support the entry-to-practice position?
A)Limit enrollments
B)Offer a diploma-completion exit
C)Seek additional funding from the Minister of Health
D)Seek additional funding from the Minister of Education
Q2) Which province currently has the largest number of nurses in Canada?
A)Quebec
B)Ontario
C)Alberta
D)British Columbia
Q3) In which year did the Canadian Nurses Association initially anticipate that entry to practice at the baccalaureate level would occur?
A)1990
B)1995
C)2000
D)2005
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Chapter 20: Credentialing in Nursing
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Q1) Which of the following is one of the two powerful social forces in the early 1900s that influenced the drive for legislating the registration of nurses?
A)Wartime needs
B)Women acquiring the right to vote
C)The socioeconomic movement
D)The declining birth rate and the increasing mortality rate
Q2) "Licensure" refers to which one of the following?
A)The right to practise a profession
B)The listing of members of a profession
C)Evidence that practice standards have been individualized
D)The provision of valuable demographic and personal information
Q3) During which decade did the nurse practitioner movement begin in Canada?
A)1950s
B)1960s
C)1970s
D)1980s
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Chapter 21: The Growth of Graduate Education in Nursing in Canada
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Q1) The Canadian Nurses Association Committee on Nursing Education made which one of the following recommendations at its 32nd Biennial Convention in 1962?
A)Directors of Schools of Nursing need not be nurses
B)Baccalaureate nursing programs should be expanded
C)Nursing professors require academic preparation at the diploma level
D)Directors of Schools of Nursing should be prepared at the baccalaureate level
Q2) What happened to doctoral program enrollments in Canada between 2000 and 2005?
A)Enrollment decreased tenfold.
B)Enrollment stayed the same from 2000 to 2005.
C)Doctoral program intake in 2005 was more than double the intake of 2000.
D)Doctoral program seats increased significantly in Canada, but enrollment increased by only 10%.
Q3) Which Canadian university was the first to offer a nurse practitioner diploma option?
A)McGill University
B)Athabasca University
C)University of Toronto
D)University of Calgary
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Chapter 22: Career Development in Nursing
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Q1) Which one of the following is considered to be the most dependable indicator of future success?
A)Grades
B)Past success
C)Work history
D)Commitment
Q2) Which of the following represents one reason for why the Advanced Nurse Practitioner role was created?
A)There was a shortage in nursing positions.
B)There was a requirement to expand nursing roles.
C)There was a need for nurses to assume expanded roles in areas where medical care was lacking.
D)The institutional needs for support of nurses involved in managing complex patients needed to be met.
Q3) Which one of the following is an example of a nurse in an advanced clinical role?
A)Nurse educator
B)Nurse researcher
C)Clinical nurse specialist
D)Registered nurse with advanced cardiac life support training
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Monitoring Standards in Nursing Education
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Q1) Which nursing leader recognized the need for a system to monitor standards of education?
A)Jeanne Mance
B)Florence Nightingale
C)Isabel Hampton Robb
D)Virginia Henderson
Q2) Which of the following is true regarding accreditation in nursing?
A)Accreditation is a regulatory requirement.
B)Accreditation is a legislative requirement.
C)Accreditation focuses on nursing competencies.
D)Accreditation promotes excellence in nursing education.
Q3) In which year did the first Canadian province achieve the goal of establishing a baccalaureate degree as the minimum preparation for entry into nursing?
A)1990
B)1992
C)1994
D)1996
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Chapter 24: International Nursing: Looking Beyond Our Borders
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Q1) Which organization is currently developing teaching modules to assist grassroots health workers in recognizing and managing cases of acute respiratory diseases?
A)Canadian Nurses Association
B)National League for Nursing
C)World Health Organization
D)Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing
Q2) Chronic illness is responsible for approximately which percentage of deaths worldwide?
A)30%
B)40%
C)50%
D)60%
Q3) Which of the following represents one of the Millennium Development Goals as agreed on by the United Nations in 2000?
A)Injury prevention
B)Accessible health care
C)Improved maternal health
D)Focus on family health and illness
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Chapter 25: Internationalizing Nursing in Canada: Perspectives
in Nursing Practice and Education
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Q1) Which one of the following is an example of a partnership intervention that would be classified as "institutional support"?
A)Mission statement
B)Curriculum design
C)Leadership styles
D)Health policy formulation
Q2) In 2006, what percentage of nurses in Canada held a master's or doctorate degree?
A)1%
B)3%
C)5%
D)7%
Q3) The Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN) has projected an annual need for approximately how many master's-prepared nurses in order to maintain a sufficient number of qualified teaching staff?
A)2,000
B)2,600
C)3,000
D)3,600
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