Canadian Nursing Issues
Exam Practice Tests
Course Introduction
This course explores contemporary issues and challenges within the Canadian nursing profession, emphasizing the evolving landscape of healthcare delivery in Canada. Topics include the impact of health policy and legislation, cultural diversity and Indigenous health, ethical and legal concerns in nursing practice, the role of professional organizations, and the effects of social determinants of health on patient outcomes. Students will critically analyze the influences of globalization, technology, and workforce trends on nursing roles, advocacy, and leadership. Through case studies and discussion, learners are encouraged to develop an informed perspective on how Canadian nurses can respond to current and emerging issues in their practice.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Nursing Issues and Perspectives 5th Edition by Janet C. Ross
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25 Chapters
375 Verified Questions
375 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Canadian Health Care System
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Q1) Which government act confirmed the historical division of powers between the Canadian federal government and the provinces in relation to responsibility for health care?
A)British North America Act
B)Constitution Act of 1982
C)Canada Health Act of 1984
D)National Medicare Act
Answer: B
Q2) In which year was the first hospital insurance plan that was financed entirely by the province created?
A)1942
B)1947
C)1952
D)1957
Answer: B
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Page 3
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Q1) Which following period is referred to as the advent of modern nursing in Canada?
A)1834-1874
B)1874-1914
C)1914-1954
D)1954-1994
Answer: B
Q2) Communicable disease took a major toll on the health of the nuns who first worked in Quebec to care for the sick. In which year did the worst recorded smallpox epidemic-during which more than 25% of the nuns died-take place?
A)1694
B)1697
C)1700
D)1703
Answer: D
Q3) In what year did the journal Canadian Nurse begin publication?
A)1902
B)1905
C)1908
D)1911
Answer: B
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Professionalization in Canadian Nursing
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Q1) In what year did the last province in Canada implement legislation incorporating mandatory registration for nurses?
A)1986
B)1991
C)1996
D)2001
Answer: D
Q2) Which province was the first to require mandatory registration for nurses?
A)Alberta
B)Ontario
C)Quebec
D)Newfoundland
Answer: D
Q3) Which province passed the first provincial statue governing the practice of nursing in 1910?
A)Quebec
B)Ontario
C)Nova Scotia
D)New Brunswick
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: The Professional Image: Impact and Strategies for Change
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Q1) Which following word is a characteristic of the "Angel of Mercy" nursing image?
A)Ritualistic
B)Cooperative
C)Humanistic
D)Autonomous
Q2) Who was considered to be the first nurse researcher?
A)Sairey Gamp
B)Edith Cavell
C)Sister Mary Kenny
D)Florence Nightingale
Q3) Which following word is a characteristic of "The Heroine" nursing image?
A)Modest
B)Cooperative
C)Autonomous
D)Methodological
Q4) Which following group of health care providers has the most members in Canada?
A)Physicians
B)Chiropractors
C)Physiotherapists
D)Registered nurses
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Chapter 5: Issues of Gender and Diversity in Nursing
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Q1) Research that has studied strategies to recruit and retain nursing students from diverse populations recommends that recruitment efforts should begin at which following educational level?
A)High school
B)Junior high school
C)Elementary school
D)Pre-elementary school
Q2) The challenge to traditional patriarchal family structures represents an inherent challenge to which following aspect of nursing?
A)Professional practice
B)Participation in professional associations
C)Creation of centres of excellence for women's health
D)Nursing theories and conceptual frameworks
Q3) Which represents a historical deterrent for men entering the nursing profession?
A)Stronger educational programs
B)A multitude of available positions
C)Lack of appropriate residential accommodations
D)Need for gentleness and nurturing for all patients
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7
Chapter 6: Theoretical Issues in Nursing
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Q1) Which following term was used to describe the first nursing clinical decision-making structure?
A)Nursing inquiry
B)Nursing process
C)Nursing health and history
D)Nursing physical assessment framework
Q2) A university in which following province created the first Canadian nursing model?
A)Ontario
B)Quebec
C)New Brunswick
D)British Columbia
Q3) As scientists across disciplines struggled with the implications of new ways of philosophizing about science, nurse leaders began to conceptualize nursing as a science in addition to being which of the following?
A)An art and a practice
B)Technologically advanced
C)Intellectually stunted from a solitary reality
D)An extension of the medical model of health care
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8
Chapter 7: Thinking Philosophically in Nursing
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Q1) During a coffee break, several nurses are engaging in a conversation about nursing. Which following statement by one nurse indicates that she is thinking philosophically about nursing?
A)"What is the nature of nursing care?"
B)"I think we should go back to working eight-hour shifts."
C)"We need one mental health day every month."
D)"I wish we were able to attend more in-services."
Q2) Which following term describes having a conception of the world and all that exists in it?
A)Tenets
B)Theories
C)Ideologies
D)Conceptual maps
Q3) The document Toward 2020: Visions for Nursing states that by the year 2020, registered nurses should be doing much of the work currently done by which following health care professional?
A)General practitioner
B)Clinical nurse specialist
C)Licensed practical nurse
D)Advanced nurse practitioner
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Chapter 8: Nursing Research in Canada
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Q1) Which Canadian university offered the first funded doctoral program in nursing?
A)McGill University
B)University of Toronto
C)University of Alberta
D)University of British Columbia
Q2) At which level of nursing education do students initially learn how to conduct research?
A)Doctoral
B)Graduate
C)Undergraduate
D)Post-diploma
Q3) The collaborative efforts of administrators and unit managers to work together to create a research environment can help ensure which following outcome?
A)A safe environment in which nurses feel able to question practice
B)Little need for outside consultation about issues
C)Research activities and professional development during days off
D)No need for allocation of agency resources to research-based nursing practice
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Chapter 9: Knowledge Translation and Evidence-Informed Practice
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Q1) Which following question is a characteristic of the "environment" category of factors that influence the adoption of new knowledge?
A)Can it be evaluated?
B)Is it acceptable to nurses?
C)Does the organization value research?
D)Is there peer pressure to adopt the knowledge?
Q2) Which one of the following is an outcome of the evidence-informed practice movement?
A)Increased research in the practice setting
B)The evidence-informed policy movement
C)More proficiency in conducting nursing research
D)Greater concentration on health and human resource planning
Q3) During which decade did the modern evidence-informed practice movement begin?
A)1950s
B)1960s
C)1970s
D)1980s
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Chapter 10: Health Informatics and Canadian Nursing Practice
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Q1) In what year was the Canadian Health Infoway incorporated?
A)1991
B)1996
C)2001
D)2006
Q2) Which of the following includes the scope of the International Classification for Nursing Practice (ICNP)?
A)Assessment and data sets
B)Interventions, diagnoses, and outcomes
C)Assessment, planning, and interventions
D)Patient goals, interventions, and evaluation
Q3) In relation to the categories of nursing informatics competencies, which following category of computer skills is expected of the beginning nurse?
A)Research
B)CASE tools
C)Decision support
D)Quality improvement
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Primary Health Care: Challenges and Opportunities for the
Nursing Profession
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Q1) From the time of its introduction, Primary Health Care (PHC) was conceptualized as which type of model?
A)Biomedical model
B)Social justice model
C)Resource allocation model
D)Needs-based assessment model
Q2) Which of the following characterizes the WHO's 1988 initial assessment of nursing's worldwide response to implementing the Primary Health Care model?
A)The WHO called nursing's response a planned and coordinated effort.
B)The WHO called nursing's response fragmented and sporadic.
C)The WHO indicated that intersectoral collaboration among nurses was apparent.
D)The WHO indicated the Primary Health Care had been embraced worldwide by all nurses and their associations.
Q3) Canada has a strong intellectual tradition that emphasizes which view of health and health determinants?
A)Biopsychosocial
B)Socioeconomic
C)Illness-based
D)Socio-environmental
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Quality of Care: From Quality Assurance and Improvement to Cultures of Patient Safety
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Q1) What was eliminated from the Canadian Council on Health Services Accreditation (CCHSA) Survey Standards in the early 1990s?
A)A quality improvement focus
B)Facility-wide integration of processes
C)Separate standards for departments providing patient care
D)Methods for identifying unsafe practice by health care providers
Q2) The first documented study in health care and nursing is attributed to which following person?
A)Jean Watson
B)Virginia Henderson
C)Florence Nightingale
D)Sister Mary Dorothy Ross
Q3) For which percentage of the time were critical standards expected to be achieved in quality assurance programs, in relation to the level established by the program directors?
A)50%
B)75%
C)90%
D)100%
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Chapter 13: The Practising Nurse and the Law
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Q1) Which following patient would be considered most complex in relation to the question of consent?
A)A 38-year-old male with Down syndrome
B)A 76-year-old female with macular degeneration
C)A 22-year-old female seeking a therapeutic abortion
D)A 60-year-old male with complaints of chest pain in the ER
Q2) Which one of the following is a fundamental human right, historically respected in law?
A)Truth
B)Informed consent
C)Freedom from interference
D)High-quality health care
Q3) What is the primary purpose of creating health records?
A)To measure workload
B)To facilitate communication
C)To satisfy accreditation standards
D)To promote jurisdictional sharing of health information
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Chapter 14: Ethical Issues and Dilemmas in Nursing Practice
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Q1) Which of the following is a principle of just allocation of health care resources?
A)Only futile treatment should be provided.
B)A superior level of health care should be provided to everyone.
C)Allocation criteria should be established in a public and democratic process.
D)Resource allocation is based on the amount of research funds that an organization can attract.
Q2) Which of the following is true in relation to advance directives?
A)Advance directives document a patient's preferences for life-support procedures.
B)An advance directive is exactly the same as a power of attorney.
C)Advances directives are consistent from province to province to territory.
D)An advance directive determines who can make decisions for the patient.
Q3) Which of the following is true of early codes of ethics for nursing?
A)They were similar to nursing guidelines.
B)They were prescriptive in nature.
C)They provided a framework for ethical decisions.
D)They enabled nurses to fulfill responsibilities to the public and the profession.
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Page 16
Chapter 15: Shortage or Oversupply the Nursing Workforce
Pendulum
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Q1) Which percentage of the nursing workforce was made up of nurse practitioners in 2007?
A)1.5%
B)2.3%
C)3.2%
D)4.1%
Q2) In which area of nursing is the average age highest?
A)Nursing practice
B)Nursing research
C)Nursing education
D)Nursing administration
Q3) Which following factor is contributing to the requirement for higher efficiency and productivity in nursing?
A)An increase in the fertility rate
B)A decrease in the mortality rate
C)A reduction in birth rates, causing a decrease in the population
D)A decrease in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Political Awareness in Nursing
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Q1) Which of the following is the most important factor for success in the political arena?
A)An advanced education
B)Holding a key political position
C)Effective interpersonal communication skills
D)An in-depth understanding of the political system
Q2) Which movement that occurred parallel to unionism in nursing during the 1960s had a positive impact on nurses challenging the status quo assiduously and assertively?
A)The War Movement
B)The Women's Movement
C)The Civil Rights Movement
D)The Counter Culture Movement
Q3) In 2007, what percentage of health care expenditures in Canada was funded from public sources?
A)30%
B)50%
C)70%
D)90%
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Chapter 17: Emergence of Nursing Unions As a Social Force in Canada
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Q1) Which stipulation was included as part of the Canadian Nurses Association endorsement of collective bargaining?
A)A no-strike policy was required.
B)There was a prohibition against professional associations taking on this role.
C)The creation of a bargaining unit at the national level was required.
D)Bargaining units were required to limit their memberships to nurses only.
Q2) The Saskatchewan nurses' strike in 1999 resulted in which of the following outcomes?
A)Higher wages for nurses
B)A shortened work week for nurses
C)Inclusion of a professional responsibility clause
D)The addition of dental benefits to nurses' current medical benefits
Q3) The Canadian Nurses Association predicts that by the year 2016 there will be a national nursing shortage that could reach a shortage of how many nurses?
A)78, 000
B)113, 000
C)125, 000
D)175,000
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Page 19
Chapter 18: The Origins and Development of Nursing
Education in Canada
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Q1) Which province hosted the first nursing diploma program in Canada at an educational institution?
A)Alberta
B)Ontario
C)Manitoba
D)Nova Scotia
Q2) Who was the first lay nurse of New France?
A)Jeanne Mance
B)Florence Nightingale
C)Mary Adelaide Nutting
D)Sister Mary Ann Nodule
Q3) What was the purpose of the Demonstration School that was established in Windsor, Ontario, by the Canadian Nurses Association in 1948, with funding from the Red Cross?
A)Evaluate students' health in relation to fewer working hours per week
B)Ascertain the feasibility of preparing nurses in less than three years
C)Evaluate the effects on student learning that took place solely in the hospital setting
D)Expand the classroom component of nursing training to include equal amounts of time in the classroom and the hospital
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Chapter 19: Entry to Practice: Striving for the Baccalaureate
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Q1) In which year did the Canadian Nurses Association initially anticipate that entry to practice at the baccalaureate level would occur?
A)1990
B)1995
C)2000
D)2005
Q2) Which following provinces and territories provide an example of a cross-provincial/territorial collaborative nursing education effort?
A)Ontario and Quebec
B)Alberta and Manitoba
C)Nunavut and Nova Scotia
D)Northwest Territories and Manitoba
Q3) Which province continues to offer a diploma program in nursing education?
A)Ontario
B)Manitoba
C)Nova Scotia
D)Newfoundland
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Credentialing in Nursing
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Q1) Which following option represents the earliest form of credentialing?
A)The employment of lay nurses
B)Nurses working together with midwives
C)Evidence of graduation from a school of nursing
D)Certification in a nursing specialty, for example, intensive care nursing
Q2) What does the study of credentialing in nursing draw attention to?
A)The layers of the health care system
B)Ways for nurses wanted to specialize
C)The growth of nursing as a profession
D)The credentialing that has already occurred in medical education
Q3) In which year did The Canadian Nurse begin publication?
A)1900
B)1905
C)1910
D)1915
Q4) Licensure laws were designed to protect which following group?
A)Nurses, from physicians
B)Nurses, from competition
C)Universities, from hospital schools of nursing
D)The public, from unethical and incompetent practitioners
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Chapter 21: The Growth of Graduate Education in Nursing in Canada
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Q1) Which of the following was a final recommendation of the Working Group on Nursing Research that was established in 1982?
A)Designate nursing research funding within the Medical Research Council.
B)Assist in creating Master's of Nursing programs in every province and territory.
C)Establish a peer-reviewed nursing research journal that publishes only Canadian nursing research.
D)Lobby the government to establish various nursing research funds for quantitative and qualitative research.
Q2) Which of the following represents the main purpose of doctoral education?
A)Knowledge synthesis
B)Knowledge creation
C)Receiving credentials to enhance university status
D)Attracting qualified faculty to tenure positions
Q3) Which province hosted the first doctoral nursing program?
A)Ontario
B)Quebec
C)Alberta
D)Manitoba
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Chapter 22: Career Development in Nursing
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Q1) Which of the following represents one reason for why the Advanced Nurse Practitioner role was created?
A)There was a shortage in nursing positions.
B)There was a requirement to expand nursing roles.
C)There was a need for nurses to assume expanded roles in areas where medical care was lacking.
D)The institutional needs for support of nurses involved in managing complex patients needed to be met.
Q2) What is the minimum education requirement for a nursing research career?
A)Master's degree
B)Doctorate degree
C)Baccalaureate degree
D)Post-baccalaureate education
Q3) You should anticipate that which following question may be asked during the interview?
A)Are you married?
B)Where do you live?
C)What are your strengths?
D)Will transportation to work be a problem?
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Page 24
Chapter 23: Monitoring Standards in Nursing Education
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Q1) Which of the following is true regarding accreditation in nursing?
A)Accreditation is a regulatory requirement.
B)Accreditation is a legislative requirement.
C)Accreditation focuses on nursing competencies.
D)Accreditation promotes excellence in nursing education.
Q2) Which following statement accurately describes how the nursing accreditation program is financed in Canada?
A)All universities pay the same fee, regardless of whether or not they are participants in the program.
B)The program operates on a cost-recovery basis.
C)Program financing does not include money for travel and lodging of the review team.
D)Program financing is not dependent on the number of sites operating within the program.
Q3) What was the primary reason for the development of nursing education programs in Canada?
A)To staff hospitals
B)To organize nursing
C)To develop nursing standards
D)To elevate nursing to a professional status
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Chapter 24: International Nursing: Looking Beyond Our Borders
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Q1) Which following title is given to the highest governmental position in nursing within a province or territory?
A)President of Nursing
B)Nursing Administrator
C)Chief Nursing Officer
D)Executive Director of Nursing
Q2) Nursing representation from how many countries is reflected in the membership of the International Council of Nurses?
A)69
B)94
C)128
D)151
Q3) Which one of the following is a basic principle of Primary Health Care?
A)Universality
B)Primary care
C)Accountability
D)Public participation
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Page 26
Chapter 25: Internationalizing Nursing in Canada: Perspectives
in Nursing Practice and Education
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Q1) Which one of the following is the most important input into any health system?
A)Human resources
B)Social living conditions
C)Determinants of health
D)Health promotion and illness prevention
Q2) The Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN) has projected an annual need for approximately how many master's-prepared nurses in order to maintain a sufficient number of qualified teaching staff?
A)2,000
B)2,600
C)3,000
D)3,600
Q3) Which two Canadian provinces are participating in the North American Mobility Project?
A)Quebec, Ontario
B)New Brunswick, Alberta
C)Nova Scotia, Prince Edward Island
D)Newfoundland, British Columbia
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