Canadian Law and Justice Test Questions
Course Introduction
This course explores the foundations and evolution of Canadian law and justice, examining the key principles, institutions, and processes that shape the legal system in Canada. Students will study the origins and structure of Canadian law, including constitutional law, common law, statutory law, and Indigenous legal traditions. Topics include the role of the judiciary, legislative process, rights and freedoms within the Canadian Charter, as well as the administration of justice in criminal and civil contexts. Through case studies and critical analysis, the course fosters an understanding of how law influences social justice, equality, and governance within the Canadian context.
Recommended Textbook Crim 2nd Canadian Edition by Larry Siegel
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Chapter 1: Crime and Criminology
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Q1) The social structural perspective sees an individual's socioeconomic status as the primary root cause for their criminal activity.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Who is credited with conflict theory's link to crime and criminology?
A)Karl Marx
B)Edwin Sutherland
C)Emile Durkheim
D)John Hagan
Answer: A
Q3) Joan has been caring for her neighbour's children before and after school for the past three years. According to Canadian Law, she is responsible for assisting and protecting those in her care. Which guidelines outline her obligation?
A)the relationship of the parties based on status
B)a contractual relationship between Joan and the children/parents
C)a common-law relationship dictated by precedent in case law
D)civil statute relationship guidelines
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Nature and Extent of Crime
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Q1) Self-report surveys reveal a clear relationship between social class and crime.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) What is the term used to describe the notion that as we grow older and more mature we tend to be less likely to commit crime?
A)pseudomaturity
B)transitional movement
C)maturity hypothesis
D)desistence
Answer: D
Q3) Women are more likely than men to be convicted of which offence?
A)Fraud
B)Possession of stolen property
C)Public drunkenness
D)Common assault
Answer: A
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Chapter 3: Victims and Victimization
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Q1) The Canadian Criminal Code requires courts to consider victim impact statements at the time of sentencing.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Steve, 19 years of age and sponsored by his parents, recently immigrated to Canada. Why might he be at a higher risk for hate crime victimization?
A)poor living conditions because of low income
B)an inability to speak fluent English
C)changes in behaviour norms between Canada and the home country
D)Those between the ages of 15 and 21 years are more likely victims of this type of crime.
Answer: A
Q3) Who is the least likely to be a victim of crime?
A)Jim, who has never been married
B)Tim, who was recently widowed after 37 years of marriage
C)Sue, who is engaged to be married after she graduates from university
D)Sara, who was recently divorced after 2 years of marriage
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Choice Theory: Because They Want to
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Q1) Which scenario illustrates specific deterrence in action?
A)Bill is curious to know if he could get away with stealing a chocolate bar but fear of shame and embarrassment deters him from trying this.
B)Sam has never committed a crime because he believes that he will be quickly caught and punished and this does not make crime worthwhile for him.
C)John vows never to sell drugs again after he was caught, held in a holding cell, and sentenced to a lengthy period of probation and community service hours.
D)Tom has thought about shoplifting on occasion but the signs in the store warning of penalties have scared him from doing so.
Q2) Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The theory of specific deterrence holds that criminal sanctions must be equally applied to all offenders.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Discuss drug use from the rational choice perspective.
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Chapter 5: Trait Theory: ITS in Their Blood
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Q1) Tommy has been diagnosed with ADHD and is in grade 3. What would be the best course of action to have a significant, long-term impact on his behaviour problems in the classroom?
A)providing clear guidelines to Tommy about socially appropriate behaviour
B)sending Tommy and his parents to family counselling
C)enrolling Tommy in an early intervention reading program
D)gradually moving toward a reduction in the use of Ritalin over his next year in school
Q2) Discuss what the research tells us about parental deviance, twin behaviour, and adoption studies.
Q3) Discuss what your text tells us about the psychodynamics of abnormal behaviour and the psychodynamics of criminal behaviour.
Q4) Which of the following environmental contaminants have been linked with deviance and antisocial behaviour?
A)artificial food dyes, artificial lighting, and lead
B)computer usage, tainted fish, and artificial lighting
C)lead paint, plastic toxins, and green food dyes
D)asbestos, carbon monoxide, and lead
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Chapter 6: Social Structure Theories
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Q1) One of Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin's three types of gangs is known as "retreatists." What other term is used to describe this group who seek status derived from peer approval but struggle to do so both legally and illegally?
A)outcasts
B)unrecruitables
C)double failures
D)gang bangers
Q2) According to the textbook, what was the most important finding of Clifford Shaw and Henry McKay?
A)Crime rates and the need for police services are associated with community deterioration.
B)The percentage of broken homes is strongly related to neighbourhood crime rates.
C)Crime rates correspond to neighbourhood structure and are determined by destructive ecological conditions in urban slums.
D)The proportion of individuals living with mental health concerns in a community is strongly correlated with crime rates in that zone.
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Chapter 7: Socialization and Crime
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Q1) Briefly compare and contrast social learning theory, social control theory, and social reaction theory.
Q2) Jim has been told all his life that he is "bad" and that he will not amount to anything. As Jim gets older he starts to get into trouble with the law. What stage or process is Jim engaging in?
A)retrospective reading
B)primary deviance
C)reflective role taking
D)secondary deviance
Q3) Learning theories contribute significantly to our understanding of the onset of criminal behaviour. Nonetheless, the general learning model has been criticized. Discuss those criticisms.
Q4) Evaluate labelling theory in terms of empirical support (or lack of it) and contributions to the study of criminality.
Q5) In its purest form, social reaction theory argues that even such crimes as murder, sexual assault, and theft are only bad because people label them that way.
A)True
B)False
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Q1) Compare and contrast instrumental Marxism and structural Marxism.
Q2) Which of these approaches relies on nonpunitive strategies to prevent and control crime?
A)decreed justice
B)peacemaking justice
C)reformative justice
D)restorative justice
Q3) Mainstream criminologists agree with the Marxist thought that crime is indeed a function of capitalist society's inability to regulate itself and implement adequate social reforms.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Conflict theorists suggest that crime in any society is caused by class conflict.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Structural Marxists focus on threats to capitalism posed by criminals rather than differentiating between the rich and the poor.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Integrated Theories: Things Change
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Q1) According to developmental theorists Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck, who would be most likely to engage in criminal behaviour?
A)Will, who does not engage in extracurricular activities and who is a low B-average student.
B)Tom, who is the captain of the soccer team who also does well in school and has many friends.
C)Billy, who is strong and good at sports but who lacks intelligence and has difficulty getting along with peers.
D)Tim, who is small for his age and prefers computer activities and problem-solving games over sports.
Q2) According to Charles Tittle, crime may be a function of efforts to maintain control and avoid which of the following?
A)the police
B)breaking the law
C)getting caught
D)restraint
Q3) Discuss and critique Michael Gottfredson and Travis Hirschi's general theory of crime.
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Chapter 10: Violent Crime
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Q1) If a group of youths damage the mailbox and fence at the home of new neighbours because the newcomers are of a different race, what type of hate crime would Jack McDevitt and Jack Levin say has taken place?
A)purity
B)thrill-seeking
C)mission
D)reactive
Q2) More robberies occur in homes than in public places like parking lots and public parks.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which term is used to refer to crimes that involve venting rage, anger, or frustration?
A)expressive violence
B)excessive violence
C)instrumental violence
D)institutional violence
Q4) Rape is one of the most loathed, misunderstood, and feared crimes. Discuss what your text tells us about date rape and marital rape.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Property Crimes
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Q1) In Canada embezzlement can be defined as government mismanagement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Boosters are professional shoplifters who steal with the intention of reselling stolen merchandize to fences.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Jane received an email outlining a fantastic way to earn money which only required that she pay $29.95 to receive a training manual. Jane sent money to the address but did not ever receive the manual. She later learned that the online company was a hoax. What crime was Jane a victim of?
A)embezzlement
B)fraud
C)larceny
D)forgery
Q4) False pretence and traditional theft involve taking what has been willingly handed over from the victim.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: White: Collar and Organized Crime
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Q1) Which of the following involves illegal activities of people acknowledged purpose is profit through illegitimate business enterprise?
A)organized crime
B)restraint of trade
C)white-collar crime
D)embezzlement
Q2) In Canada, Aboriginal-based criminal organizations are mostly in the form of street gangs.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to Mark Haller which of the following is a similarity between a chamber of commerce and an organized crime syndicate?
A)They both plan counteroffensives on rivalling crime groups.
B)They both form with the primary intent of bettering their communities.
C)They both seek to remain hidden from public scrutiny.
D)They both gather regularly to settle disputes between members.
Q4) Discuss the alien conspiracy theory of organized crime. What are the critiques of this theory?
Q5) Describe Canadian efforts to control computer crime.
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Chapter 13: Public Order Crimes
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Q1) Given the nature of the research results presented on drug control strategies, which approach would you use if you wanted to have the most success in reducing drug use in your community?
A)introduce prevention strategies to elementary school children
B)introduce regular drug testing programs across workplaces
C)open a methadone clinic
D)provide drug users with employment supports
Q2) What do the findings of various research studies into the use of pornography indicate is the relationship between violent behaviour and viewing pornography?
A)Those who view more than 5 hours of pornography per week are much more likely to exhibit violent behaviour than others who view less or none.
B)There is no clear link between obscene material and antisocial or violent behaviour.
C)The link between violence and pornography viewing appears to pertain to young males, under the age of 25 only.
D)Convicted rapists report having viewed more pornography than the general population.
Q3) Discuss what the research tells us about victimless crimes.
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