Canadian Health Care System
Test Questions
Course Introduction
The Canadian Health Care System course provides an in-depth examination of the structure, policies, and functioning of health care delivery in Canada. Students explore the history and evolution of the system, its foundational principles of universality and accessibility, and the division of responsibilities between federal and provincial governments. Topics include funding mechanisms, key legislation such as the Canada Health Act, roles of health care providers, delivery of services, and contemporary challenges including wait times, resource allocation, and addressing health disparities among different populations. The course also compares the Canadian model with other international health systems, fostering a comprehensive understanding of both its strengths and areas for improvement.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Nursing Issues and Perspectives 5th Edition by Janet C. Ross
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25 Chapters
375 Verified Questions
375 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: The Canadian Health Care System
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Q1) During the 1930s, prior to the availability of universal health insurance, economic disaster left numerous patients unable to pay medical bills. Many physicians found themselves in a difficult financial situation during this time. The Saskatchewan Relief Commission attempted to assist physicians with monthly payments in which of the following amounts?
A)$10 to $20 per month
B)$25 to $50 per month
C)$50 to $75 per month
D)$75 to $100 per month
Answer: C
Q2) In Calgary during the 1930s, what was the approximate monthly income of a general hospital graduate nurse, excluding room and board?
A)$20 per month
B)$30 per month
C)$40 per month
D)$50 per month
Answer: B
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3
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Q1) Which following report provided the first evidence of concern about disease prevention and health maintenance at the federal government level, thereby aiding the public health nursing movement?
A)The Epp Report
B)The Hall Report
C)The Lalonde Report
D)The Romanow Report
Answer: C
Q2) Communicable disease took a major toll on the health of the nuns who first worked in Quebec to care for the sick. In which year did the worst recorded smallpox epidemic-during which more than 25% of the nuns died-take place?
A)1694
B)1697
C)1700
D)1703
Answer: D
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Chapter 3: Professionalization in Canadian Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which province offered the first doctoral nursing program?
A)Ontario
B)Alberta
C)Saskatchewan
D)British Columbia
Answer: B
Q2) In which year did it first become possible to obtain a master's degree in nursing in Canada?
A)1945
B)1949
C)1955
D)1959
Answer: D
Q3) In which year did nursing education begin in Canada?
A)1865
B)1874
C)1883
D)1892
Answer: B
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Professional Image: Impact and Strategies for Change
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Q1) Who was considered to be the first nurse researcher?
A)Sairey Gamp
B)Edith Cavell
C)Sister Mary Kenny
D)Florence Nightingale
Q2) Which following word is a characteristic of "The Heroine" nursing image?
A)Modest
B)Cooperative
C)Autonomous
D)Methodological
Q3) Disparity in nursing over which following issue negatively influences the achievement of a unified action in nursing?
A)Salaries
B)Working hours
C)Working conditions
D)Educational preparation
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Chapter 5: Issues of Gender and Diversity in Nursing
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reflective feminism of the 1980s had a profound impact on the nursing profession and resulted in new value being placed on nursing as a profession. Which of the following outcomes was one result of this new value placed on nursing?
A)Nurses were required to enroll in shorter, more intensive training sessions.
B)Nurses were empowered to seek higher education.
C)Nurses achieved greater dependence.
D)Nurses began independent professional practices.
Q2) Which of the following is a health problem that historically was emphasized in most nursing curricula?
A)Depression
B)Osteoporosis
C)Cardiac disease
D)Menopausal difficulties
Q3) Which of the following is a major barrier to men entering the nursing profession?
A)Shift work
B)Nurturing role
C)Male self-image
D)Societal attitudes
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Chapter 6: Theoretical Issues in Nursing
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Q1) What name was given to the initial conceptual frameworks that were created by early nursing scholars?
A)Nursing models
B)Nursing theories
C)Definitions of nursing
D)Conceptualizations of nursing practice
Q2) During which time period was the social status of nurses elevated and their contributions to key processes and decisions highly regarded?
A)Wartime
B)The depression
C)The nineteenth century
D)Health care reform in the 1960s
Q3) Which following method was used by early nurses to develop the capacity for nursing reasoning?
A)Analytical processes
B)Conceptual processes
C)Educational objectives
D)Reflection, trial, and error
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Chapter 7: Thinking Philosophically in Nursing
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Q1) Nurses often find it difficult to question the direction of authorities mainly because other professionals tend to view nurses as falling into which following category?
A)Independent practitioners
B)Receivers and implementers of orders
C)Working in isolation with patients and their families
D)Collaborators with dependent roles and responsibilities
Q2) Increasingly, university students are choosing their courses and careers almost purely for which following reason?
A)Financial gain
B)Pragmatism
C)Inquisitiveness
D)Attractiveness
Q3) If nurses are to philosophize, they must first develop their sense of which one of the following?
A)Truth
B)Sight
C)Wonder
D)Righteousness
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9
Chapter 8: Nursing Research in Canada
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Sample Questions
Q1) In 2007, Tourangeau and colleagues found that lower patient mortality rates in Ontario hospitals were linked to which following factor?
A)Higher nurse:patient ratios
B)Higher physician:patient ratios
C)Ambulatory and home care programs
D)Increased levels of nursing preparation
Q2) What were the earliest strategic health research priorities of the National Health Research and Development Program (NHRDP)?
A)Aging and AIDS
B)Prenatal care and early beginnings
C)Cardiovascular disease and diabetes
D)Parkinson's and Alzheimer's Disease
Q3) Research becomes powerful when the knowledge that is generated is utilized. Which one of the following occurs with enhanced power?
A)Isolation from peers
B)Decreased autonomy
C)Increased credibility
D)Increased imbalance in the nurse-physician relationship
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Chapter 9: Knowledge Translation and Evidence-Informed Practice
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Q1) In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has taken an active role in knowledge transfer and has broadened its target audience to include which following group?
A)Nurses
B)The public
C)Hospitals
D)Universities
Q2) What is the relationship between the "number needed to treat" (NNT) and the impact of an intervention?
A)The smaller the NNT, the smaller the impact of the intervention.
B)The smaller the NNT, the greater the impact of the intervention.
C)The larger the NNT, the smaller the impact of the intervention.
D)The larger the NNT, the greater the impact of the intervention.
Q3) Which following intervention would be most effective for promoting research-based nursing practice?
A)Distributing research studies on the unit
B)Attaching reference articles to nurses' pay stubs
C)Encouraging nurses to subscribe to peer-reviewed nursing journals
D)Offering in-service courses about skills needed to read and interpret nursing research findings
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Health Informatics and Canadian Nursing Practice
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Q1) Which type of consistent representation between nursing reference terminologies and interface terminologies does the ISO 18104 Reference Terminology Model for Nursing set forth?
A)Ontological
B)Deontological
C)Utilitarianism
D)Categorical imperative
Q2) In what year was the Canadian Health Infoway incorporated?
A)1991
B)1996
C)2001
D)2006
Q3) In 2007, which two provinces partnered with the Canadian Nurses Association to implement the collection of nursing-sensitive patient outcomes using ICNP?
A)Ontario and Alberta
B)Quebec and Manitoba
C)Saskatchewan and Ontario
D)Alberta and British Columbia
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Chapter 11: Primary Health Care: Challenges and Opportunities for the Nursing Profession
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Q1) Which one of the following may limit the potential for Primary Health Care?
A)Funding
B)Human resources
C)Resource allocation
D)Inconsistent terminology
Q2) From the time of its introduction, Primary Health Care (PHC) was conceptualized as which type of model?
A)Biomedical model
B)Social justice model
C)Resource allocation model
D)Needs-based assessment model
Q3) Which one of the following existed as a barrier to achieving Health for All by the Year 2000, as identified by the 2001 WHO report Health for All in the Twenty-first Century?
A)Lack of political commitment
B)Faster than anticipated socioeconomic growth
C)Cohesiveness and cooperation through intersectoral collaboration
D)A decrease in poverty, the greatest global determinant of health
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Quality of Care: From Quality Assurance and Improvement to Cultures of Patient Safety
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Q1) Which one of the following is a modern example of a quality-monitoring instrument?
A)A chart audit
B)A workload measurement tool
C)A Pareto chart for delay in patient transfer
D)A performance appraisal process
Q2) Historically, quality assurance in health care was defined as being which one of the following?
A)Media campaigns targeting satisfied patients
B)Self-regulating activities of various professions
C)Actions designed to improve processes and outcomes
D)Increasing attentiveness and responsiveness to those receiving care
Q3) Approximately 50% to 70% of the time spent on a quality improvement process is focused on which following activity?
A)Identifying the problem
B)Collecting and analyzing data
C)Devising resolution options
D)Developing cyclic evaluation schemes
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Page 14
Chapter 13: The Practising Nurse and the Law
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Q1) In which year was the Canadian Nurses Protective Society (CNPS) established?
A)1988
B)1992
C)1996
D)2000
Q2) The Canadian Nurses Protective Society (CNPS) was established at the request of the provincial and territorial professional nursing associations as a result of which following occurrence?
A)The creation of electronic health records
B)The requirement for entry to practice at baccalaureate level
C)Escalating costs of professional liability insurance
D)The licensing of advanced practice nurses and nurse practitioners
Q3) The majority of lawsuits against health care providers are classified as which following type?
A)Intentional tort
B)Criminal charge
C)Unintentional tort
D)Medical malpractice
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15
Chapter 14: Ethical Issues and Dilemmas in Nursing Practice
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Q1) Which following factor has contributed to the increasing complexity of ethical dilemmas faced by nurses?
A)New qualifications for entry to practice
B)New reproductive technologies
C)The rapidly expanding body of knowledge about health and illness
D)The hiring of clinical nurse specialists and nurse practitioners
Q2) Which following approach from moral philosophy encompasses nursing ethics?
A)Bioethics
B)Virtue ethics
C)Normative ethics
D)Value ethics
Q3) Which following circumstance represents an example of when the principle of respect for autonomy can be overridden?
A)The patient is a 16-year-old requesting an abortion.
B)The patient refuses treatment for an infected wound on his leg.
C)The patient refuses treatment midway through a procedure that is not considered to be lifesaving.
D)The patient refuses a blood transfusion for religious reasons when its determined that he may die without it.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Shortage or Oversupply the Nursing Workforce
Pendulum
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Q1) In which area of nursing is the average age highest?
A)Nursing practice
B)Nursing research
C)Nursing education
D)Nursing administration
Q2) Between 2002 and 2007, which area of nursing responsibility saw a decrease in the number of nurses?
A)Oncology
B)Adult health
C)Maternal nursing
D)Intensive care nursing
Q3) During which time period did Canada experience a decrease in the RN workforce?
A)1979-1981
B)1985-1987
C)1991-1993
D)1997-1999
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17
Chapter 16: Political Awareness in Nursing
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Q1) Which of the following is a factor that is responsible for the underutilization of nurses?
A)Nurses who are unwilling to expand their role
B)Physician fee-for-service compensation
C)Lack of recruitment and retention strategies
D)Increased pressure on nurses to work beyond retirement time
Q2) In practical terms, political activity means influencing for which purpose?
A)Getting what you want
B)Allocation of scarce resources
C)Gaining media attention and notoriety
D)Becoming a member of a political party
Q3) Which one of the following is a characteristic of an effective political strategy?
A)It is costly.
B)It is labour-intensive.
C)It results in action always being taken.
D)It has no negative consequences.
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Chapter 17: Emergence of Nursing Unions As a Social Force in Canada
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Q1) Why did the Service Employees International Union (SEIU) indicate, in 1973, that the Saskatchewan Registered Nurses Association (SRNA) should not be permitted to act as a trade union?
A)The SEIU did not want to lose members.
B)The SRNA did not have bargaining skills.
C)The SEIU would have to alter its mandate.
D)The SRNA's Board of Directors included nursing managers.
Q2) Why did the "personnel policies" approach to modifying working conditions for nurses not work as it was intended?
A)The policies were too vague for implementation.
B)There was widespread disagreement among the provinces related to these policies.
C)The policies were not binding nor implemented, leading to disillusionment with the process.
D)The nursing associations made it mandatory that all the policies that were created had to be implemented.
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19
Chapter 18: The Origins and Development of Nursing
Education in Canada
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Q1) Which province hosted the first nursing diploma program in Canada at an educational institution?
A)Alberta
B)Ontario
C)Manitoba
D)Nova Scotia
Q2) A pilot study by the Canadian Nurses Association designed to determine whether schools were ready for a national voluntary accreditation program found that approximately which percentage of schools met the criteria for accreditation?
A)0%
B)16%
C)32%
D)48%
Q3) Which Canadian province was the first to have a university admit women for study?
A)Ontario
B)Alberta
C)New Brunswick
D)Newfoundland
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Chapter 19: Entry to Practice: Striving for the Baccalaureate
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Q1) Which setback to the entry-to-practice position occurred in Alberta in the early 2000s?
A)Alberta's economy boomed.
B)Nursing vacancies became widespread.
C)The provincial government opened up additional seats for diploma students.
D)The provincial government withdrew the majority of its funding for nursing education.
Q2) Which province continues to offer a diploma program in nursing education?
A)Ontario
B)Manitoba
C)Nova Scotia
D)Newfoundland
Q3) Which province had the first collaborative four-year baccalaureate program in nursing arranged between a university and a community college?
A)Alberta
B)Ontario
C)Saskatchewan
D)British Columbia
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Page 21
Chapter 20: Credentialing in Nursing
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Q1) Is it possible to be licensed as a nurse, but not be registered?
A)No
B)Yes
C)Yes temporarily; for less than one year
D)Not unless the nurse has a baccalaureate nursing degree
Q2) What does the study of credentialing in nursing draw attention to?
A)The layers of the health care system
B)Ways for nurses wanted to specialize
C)The growth of nursing as a profession
D)The credentialing that has already occurred in medical education
Q3) Which of the following is one of the two powerful social forces in the early 1900s that influenced the drive for legislating the registration of nurses?
A)Wartime needs
B)Women acquiring the right to vote
C)The socioeconomic movement
D)The declining birth rate and the increasing mortality rate
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Chapter 21: The Growth of Graduate Education in Nursing in Canada
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Q1) In which year did doctoral education for nursing become available in Canada?
A)1989
B)1991
C)1993
D)1995
Q2) Which Canadian university was the first to offer a nurse practitioner diploma option?
A)McGill University
B)Athabasca University
C)University of Toronto
D)University of Calgary
Q3) What happened to doctoral program enrollments in Canada between 2000 and 2005?
A)Enrollment decreased tenfold.
B)Enrollment stayed the same from 2000 to 2005.
C)Doctoral program intake in 2005 was more than double the intake of 2000.
D)Doctoral program seats increased significantly in Canada, but enrollment increased by only 10%.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Career Development in Nursing
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Q1) According to research by Chambers (2009), which following element is the most important one for nurses to consider as part of their career development?
A)Monetary compensation
B)Advanced university education
C)Challenging work environment
D)The days and shifts that a position entails
Q2) You should anticipate that which following question may be asked during the interview?
A)Are you married?
B)Where do you live?
C)What are your strengths?
D)Will transportation to work be a problem?
Q3) Which following characteristic is considered to be an indicator of creativity, intelligence, and commitment, all of which are requirements for success in research?
A)Age
B)Grades
C)Marital status
D)Previous employment history
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24
Chapter 23: Monitoring Standards in Nursing Education
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Q1) Which following profession is the only one in Canada that has both government approval and monitoring of education programs?
A)Nursing
B)Medicine
C)Lab technology
D)Radiology
Q2) How many members make up the Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing (CASN) Accreditation Bureau?
A)5
B)10
C)15
D)20
Q3) Which of the following is one of the two basic mechanisms used to monitor educational programs?
A)Approval
B)Registration
C)Documentation
D)Implementation
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25
Chapter 24: International Nursing: Looking Beyond Our Borders
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Q1) Dr. Margaret Chan, the Director General of the World Health Organization, has called for a renewed emphasis on which of the following in order to strengthen health systems around the world?
A)Primary care
B)Primary health care
C)Advanced education
D)Expanded nursing roles
Q2) Which organization is currently developing teaching modules to assist grassroots health workers in recognizing and managing cases of acute respiratory diseases?
A)Canadian Nurses Association
B)National League for Nursing
C)World Health Organization
D)Canadian Association of Schools of Nursing
Q3) The Islamabad Declaration on Strengthening Nursing and Midwifery (2007) recommended urgent action for which one of the following?
A)Eliminating midwifery
B)Advancing reproductive technologies
C)Implementing positive workplace environments
D)Partnering with the Medical Society for apprenticeship training
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Chapter 25: Internationalizing Nursing in Canada: Perspectives
in Nursing Practice and Education
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Q1) The development of nursing is influenced by which three potent factors?
A)Power, money, resources
B)Gender, legislation, regulation
C)Power, gender, medicalization of health services
D)Legislation, accountability, education
Q2) Which one of the following is the most important input into any health system?
A)Human resources
B)Social living conditions
C)Determinants of health
D)Health promotion and illness prevention
Q3) The benefits of internationalization need to be clearly articulated and defended, especially as nursing institutions in Canada confront which following challenge?
A)Entry to practice
B)Acute-care areas
C)Limited capacity
D)Declining immigration
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