Canadian Health Care System and Policy
Final
Exam
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth exploration of the Canadian health care system, examining its history, structures, policies, and key stakeholders. Students will analyze the principles and values underlying Canadas publicly funded health care system, including universality, accessibility, and comprehensiveness. The course also covers health policy development and reform, explores the roles of federal and provincial governments, and reviews current challenges such as funding, equity, delivery of care, and responses to demographic changes and technological advancements. Comparisons to international health care models and consideration of future directions for Canadian health policy are included.
Recommended Textbook
Leading and Managing in Canadian Nursing 1st Canadian Edition by Patricia S. Yoder - Copy
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30 Chapters
745 Verified Questions
745 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Leading, Managing, and Following
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Sample Questions
Q1) A family is keeping vigil at a critically ill patient's bedside.Other,distant family members,not yet able to come,call the unit continuously,asking for updates and wanting to express concern.You speak with the distant family members and suggest that you are going to refer them to the hospital social worker,whose role is to work with such situations.What role are you assuming through this action?
A) Manager
B) Leader
C) Follower
D) Laissez faire
Answer: A
Q2) Which category is unique to leadership but is not part of management?
A) Initiating change
B) Personal qualities
C) Developing people
D) Information management
Answer: C
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Chapter 2: Patient Focus
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22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a patient care advocate,you regularly coach patients in how to stay safe in health care by educating them about
A) the need to understand and record all medications being taken.
B) bringing their own linens and other personal items to the hospital.
C) washing hands frequently while in a health care environment and using a hand sanitizer.
D) following closely the directions and orders of health care providers.
Answer: A
Q2) Which of the following represents an activity that supports patient-centred care?
A) Posting of visiting hours on the entrance way to each hospital unit
B) Regular staff surveys to monitor organizational satisfaction
C) Reserved parking spots at the main hospital entrance for physicians
D) Creating e-health stations on each inpatient unit
Answer: D
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4
Chapter 3: Developing the Role of Leader
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Sample Questions
Q1) Akash graduated 5 years ago and is keenly interested in pursuing leadership opportunities.She has been active in learning about leadership through workshops and Internet research and recently began a graduate degree program with a focus on nursing administration.She has excellent clinical skills and eagerly accepts responsibility for various projects on the unit.Her sarcastic and sometimes aggressive behaviour tends to alienate other staff members on the unit.In coaching Akash,you
A) suggest that she reflect on situations in which she has had a positive influence and consider how her interactions contributed to the situation.
B) suggest that she not consider leadership roles because her interaction skills are more suited to roles in which she has limited opportunities to work with others.
C) ask staff members on the unit with whom she works to provide her feedback about ways in which her behaviour irritates or alienates them.
D) encourage her to continue her graduate courses, as information about strategies and technical aspects of the role will compensate for negative interactions.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Developing the Role of Manager
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Q1) The nurse manager plays a unique role in institutional management in that the nurse manager
A) encourages shared decision-making.
B) models professional nursing behaviour.
C) interprets health care trends and their effect on revenues.
D) coordinates care and allocates resources.
Q2) In planning a new wing,the nurse manager complies with the workplace safety requirements of the U.S.Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA).Which of the following groups is considered to be at high risk for violence in the workplace?
A) Pediatric staff
B) Postsurgical unit staff
C) Emergency department staff
D) Medical oncology unit staff
Q3) As a nurse manager,you embrace the usefulness of resources such as Smart Bed.This behaviour is important in
A) budget development.
B) a manager's role.
C) succession planning.
D) encouragement of staff members' use of technology.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Legal Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) A staff nurse who was fired for reporting client abuse to the appropriate state agency files a whistle-blower lawsuit against the former employer.Reasons that the court would use in upholding a valid whistle-blower suit claiming retaliation include which of the following?
A) The nurse had previously reported the complaint, in writing, to hospital administration. B) The nurse had threatened to give full details of the client abuse to local media sources.
C) The nurse was discharged after three unsuccessful attempts at progressive discipline had failed.
D) The nurse had organized, before filing the complaint, a work stoppage action by fellow employees.
Q2) Which of the following is the least restrictive in governing health care occupations?
A) Association
B) College
C) Registration
D) Certification
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Chapter 6: Ethical Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following are core elements of relational ethics?
A) Mutual respect
B) Justice and beneficence
C) Informed consent
D) Interdependent environment
Q2) Which of the following is a criticism of the principle of autonomy?
A) It is not culturally sensitive.
B) It can lead to focus on the needs of one person at the expense of the needs of others.
C) It is not applicable with entire groups.
D) It can be viewed as advancing professional directives rather than patient desires.
Q3) A patient's husband asks to speak with the nursing manager.He is visibly upset and tells the nursing manager that while at the corner store,he overheard two nurses discussing his wife's health issues and is certain that others around him heard the discussion as well.This is an example of
A) ethical distress.
B) an ethical violation.
C) moral inappropriateness.
D) an ethical dilemma.
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Chapter 7: Making Decisions and Solving Problems
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a fire drill,several psychiatric patients become agitated.The nurse manager quickly assigns a staff member to each patient.This decision style is most appropriate for
A) routine problems.
B) crisis situations.
C) managers who prefer an authoritarian style.
D) followers who cannot agree on a solution.
Q2) The maintenance department wishes to have the nursing lounge renovated so that the lounge will be more "user-friendly." The department asks the nursing staff to make a wish list of everything that they would like to see in the new lounge.This process is an example of which part of the decision-making process?
A) Assessment/data collection
B) Planning
C) Data interpretation
D) Generating hypotheses
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Chapter 8: Health Care Organizations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which province or territory was projected to spend the most,per person,on health care in 2013?
A) Saskatchewan
B) British Columbia
C) Prince Edward Island
D) Nunavut
Q2) The Canadian Classification of Health Interventions database was created for A) physicians.
B) registered nurses.
C) unregulated health care providers.
D) all health provider groups.
Q3) Which of the following has placed considerable strain on the Canadian health care system?
A) Decreasing costs
B) A stable economy
C) Increase in elderly population
D) Status quo health care services
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Chapter 9: Understanding and Designing Organizational Structures
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse manager understands that a matrix organizational structure
A) is a simplified organizational structure.
B) has both a functional manager and a service or product-line manager.
C) arranges departments strictly according to function.
D) promotes harmony in organizational decision-making.
Q2) A hospital is working toward becoming a Magnet hospital.The chief nursing officer is aware that professional nursing departments of the future will
A) not be directed by nurses.
B) be virtual organizations.
C) be designed to maintain nursing standards of practice.
D) be entitled to have patient care departments.
Q3) In opening a new dialysis unit,the nurse manager has to develop a philosophy for the unit.This philosophy needs to
A) reflect the culture of the unit and its values.
B) be developed by the nursing manager on the unit.
C) identify the patients who will be served on the unit.
D) replicate the organization's philosophy.
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Page 11
Chapter 10: Cultural Diversity in Health Care
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Sample Questions
Q1) Recognizing that the Aboriginal candidate's lack of eye contact is different from her own,the non-Aboriginal nurse is exhibiting
A) acculturation.
B) cultural sensitivity.
C) ethnocentrism.
D) transculturalism.
Q2) Because an increasing number of Aboriginal patients are being admitted,a nurse manager designs a staff-development program for her staff to help them understand Aboriginal culture.A nurse should understand that culture is determined by which of the following?
A) Behaviour
B) Love for people
C) Shared vision
D) Rapid time passage
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12
Chapter 11: Power,Politics,and Influence
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Sample Questions
Q1) During orientation of new nurse managers,the chief nursing officer stresses strategies that help nurse managers to achieve a powerful image.Which groups of behaviours best contribute to a powerful image for the nurse manager?
A) Greeting patients, families, and colleagues with a handshake and a smile; listening carefully when problems arise
B) For men, no facial hair, always wearing a suit and tie; for women, always wearing a suit and high-heeled shoes
C) Maintaining a soft voice during times of conflict; making unbroken eye contact during interactions
D) Smiling all the time; always wearing a suit and carrying a briefcase; for women, wearing no jewellery
Q2) You have been offered a position as a head nurse in the emergency department.You understand that
A) you will have stature and power by accepting the position.
B) you will have stature but no power at this point in your position.
C) as a result of your position, you will need to keep much knowledge to yourself.
D) knowledge is assumed as a result of your position.
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Chapter 12: Caring,Communicating and Managing With Technology
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse practitioner who manages his own practice offers his patients the option of contacting him via e-mail between visits.This allows his patients to request prescription renewals and educational materials and to ask nonemergency questions about their conditions.At times,this is convenient for both the patients and himself.What else he should tell his patients?
A) They can send urgent messages.
B) They should wait up to 24 hours for a response from him.
C) They should omit sending their names because they are in the e-mail addresses.
D) They can ask about sensitive topics because no one besides himself sees the e-mails.
Q2) The nursing manager of a surgical unit has been asked by administration to evaluate patient outcomes after cardiac catheterization.Using data about patient outcomes after cardiac catheterization for the past 6 months so as to modify practice is an example of
A) gathering information.
B) cost-effective care.
C) meeting standards.
D) evidence-informed practice.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Managing Costs and Budgets
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because of the complexity of reimbursement systems and its implications for the services available to patients,the nurse has a key role in which of the following?
A) Advocacy for patients with regard to services required and services used
B) Increasing the volume of services and decreasing the number of patients served
C) Accomplishing more with each visit and decreasing the volume of services used
D) Decreasing the volume of services used and the number of return visits
Q2) Which of the following is an example of an initiative that may reduce total health care costs?
A) Offering nurse practitioner-led clinics that educate parents about nonpharmacologic strategies for managing ear infections
B) Educating older adults about the comparative costs of medications that are prescribed to them
C) Lowering copayments for prescription drugs for older adults
D) Advocating for more readily available magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) services to ensure early diagnosis
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Chapter 14: Care Delivery Strategies
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Sample Questions
Q1) The relief charge nurse has assigned a newly registered baccalaureate-prepared nurse to be one of the team leaders for the shift from 1500 to 2300 hours.In making this decision,the charge nurse has overlooked this nurse's
A) clinical expertise.
B) leadership ability.
C) communication style.
D) conflict-resolution skills.
Q2) When interviewing an applicant for a position,the nurse manager describes the unit's care delivery system as one in which each nursing assistant is cross-trained to perform specific tasks and in which the RNs handle all intravenous medications,admissions,and discharge teaching.The nurse applicant knows this nursing care delivery strategy to be
A) the case method.
B) functional nursing.
C) primary nursing.
D) nurse case management.
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Chapter 15: Staffing and Scheduling
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Sample Questions
Q1) The difference between staffing and scheduling is that staffing
A) puts the right person in the right position.
B) puts the right person in the right time and place.
C) refers to the number of nursing hours per patient per day.
D) accounts for interpretation of benefits and compensation.
Q2) The number of adverse events such as falls and pressure ulcers on your unit is increasing.An ideal staffing plan to address this issue would include which of the following?
A) Increasing the total number of staff on the unit
B) Increasing the staff and registered nurse (RN) hours per patient
C) Increasing the total number of staff and implementing 12-hour shifts
D) Increasing the number of RNs and number of RNs with experience on the unit
Q3) An important aspect of managing the costs on a unit is to plan accurately for staffing needs.Nurse managers use staffing plans to
A) assign staff on the unit on a daily basis.
B) ensure that days off are planned for the staff.
C) outline the number of individuals by classification on a per-shift basis.
D) predict the numbers and classifications of float staff needed to augment regular staff.
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Chapter 16: Selecting, developing, and Evaluating Staff
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Sample Questions
Q1) During the performance appraisal session,what should the manager do?
A) Maintain a relaxed and professional manner.
B) Inquire about the employee's personal life and how it is affecting performance.
C) Allow the employee to express opinions orally and in writing.
D) Plan to give specific examples only for poor performance.
Q2) Which of the following is a strategy that clinical nurse educators can use to ensure understanding and retention of information in newly hired staff nurses?
A) Provide written information of all orientation topics.
B) Evaluate whether there is fit between learner and organizational values.
C) Develop a range of strategies that cover a variety of learning styles.
D) Organize group sessions for orientation to increase cost effectiveness.
Q3) The nurse manager schedules evaluations of staff members by using a newly developed performance appraisal tool.The development of a performance appraisal tool should include
A) the organizational mission and philosophy and the position requirements.
B) a generalized overview of the duties of a position.
C) a skills checklist and accreditation requirements.
D) an ordinal scale that ranks all employees.
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Chapter 17: Strategic Planning and Goal Setting
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Sample Questions
Q1) The chief nursing officer has to write a strategic plan.The most difficult stage in the strategic planning process is
A) assessment of the external and internal environment.
B) review of mission statement, goals, and objectives.
C) identification of strategies.
D) implementation of strategies.
Q2) Through its strategic planning processes,the strategic planning team at Pacific Hospital learns that nursing staff members are uncomfortable with utilizing evidence-informed practice,and that they perceive that only limited resources are available to support translation of evidence into their usual practice.Because this issue has been identified,the team determines that a plan of action is required to address the issue.Who should be involved in determining this plan?
A) Nursing unit managers
B) Staff nurses
C) All staff
D) Administration
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19
Chapter 18: Leading Change
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Sample Questions
Q1) As a new manager,you are shocked to learn that your unit is still using heparin in heparin locks.You are aware of evidence related to this practice and want to change this practice as quickly as possible on your unit.You are in which stage of Lewin's (1951)stages of change?
A) Unfreezing
B) Experiencing the change
C) Integrating the change
D) Refreezing
Q2) On the basis of Elizabeth's insights and suggestions,you involve pharmacy staff,only to discover that the change in practice involves practice committees,a medical practice committee,and concerns from administration about potential costs and safety of the proposed change to the intravenous protocols.The change process at this point is A) linear.
B) nonlinear.
C) sabotaged.
D) neutralized.
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Chapter 19: Building Teams Through Communication and Partnerships
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Sample Questions
Q1) The staff development educator developed strategies to help nurse managers actively listen.Guidelines for active listening include which of the following?
A) Speed up your internal processes so that you can process more data.
B) Realize that the first words of the sender are the most important.
C) Be prepared to make an effective judgement of the communication sender.
D) Cultivate a desire to learn about the other person.
Q2) In addressing nursing students in the lounge area,the unit manager was discussing team leadership and team effectiveness.She stated,"One can agree to disagree with another team member's perspective even when one doesn't necessarily see that perspective as being the correct one." In being creative,which of the following basic rules was she talking about?
A) Listening actively
B) Being compassionate
C) Being flexible
D) Committing to resolution
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21
Chapter 20: Collective Nursing Advocacy
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Sample Questions
Q1) On Unit 62,the nurses and the unit manager have been involved in shared decision-making about the model of nursing care delivery that the unit will adopt.All individuals have participated and been involved in decision-making and implementation of changes.When issues arise during implementation,it is expected that
A) accountability resides entirely with the unit manager.
B) individual expertise will be used to provide solutions, but that responsibility for the change is shared.
C) no one really has any accountability or responsibility for the changes.
D) all of the staff will participate in the evaluation of the changes.
Q2) In looking at an organizational chart for her institution,Marie notes that the nursing staff is led at the senior level by a non-nurse executive.Marie expresses concern that this is a reflection of how nursing is viewed within the organization.Marie's comments reflect A) a concern that resource allocation will be made on a business and not a professional model.
B) the dissatisfaction that occurs when lack of autonomy is given to nurses.
C) concern with the nonadvancement of nursing practice in the institution.
D) an awareness of how organizational culture is reflected in organizational structure.
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Page 22
Chapter 21: Managing Quality and Risk
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nursing unit is interested in refining its self-medication processes.In beginning this process,the team is interested in how frequently errors occur with different patients.To assist with visualizing this question,which organizational tool is most appropriate?
A) Histogram
B) Flowchart
C) Fishbone diagram
D) Pareto chart
Q2) With the rise of workplace violence in the emergency department,the nurse manager decides that she should work with the risk manager in violence prevention.The nurse manager should
A) request all staff to accept new risk management practices.
B) hold staff accountable for safe practices.
C) document inappropriate behaviour.
D) hire more police security.
Q3) Patient perceptions are useful in
A) determining disciplinary actions in QI.
B) establishing the competitive advantage of QI decisions.
C) establishing priorities among possible changes to care identified in QI.
D) establishing blame for poor-quality care.
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Page 23
Chapter 22: Translating Research Into Practice
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is a strategy that can be used by a small community hospital with limited resources to develop an evidence-based nursing practice program?
A) Hiring a nurse researcher
B) Partnering with nurse researchers at a local university
C) Subscribing to journals devoted to evidence-based nursing
D) Including research competencies in managers' job descriptions
Q2) Which of the following has been identified as a significant factor in moving EBP into patient care?
A) Strong utilization models
B) Development of stronger opinion leaders
C) Technology
D) Support by other disciplines
Q3) Understanding why it is important to provide certain strategies for the emotional support of parents of critically ill children is an example of
A) direct research utilization.
B) indirect research utilization.
C) translation science.
D) Rogers's (2003) diffusion of innovations theory.
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24
Chapter 23: Understanding and Resolving Conflict
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Sample Questions
Q1) The nurse manager performs his role in a way that he believes empowers his staff; however,the staff feel smothered by his micromanagement approach.This is a good example of which of the following conditions that propel a situation toward conflict?
A) Incompatible goals
B) Role conflicts
C) Structural conflict
D) Competition for resources
Q2) A nurse educator is giving a workshop on conflict.During the sessions,he makes various statements regarding conflict.All of the following statements are true except A) "Conflict can decrease creativity, thus acting as a deterrent for the development of new ideas."
B) "Conflict can arise over the most trivial issues.
C) "A variety of definitions of conflict are known."
D) "All conflicts involve some level of disagreement."
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Chapter 24: Managing Personalpersonnel Problems
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Sample Questions
Q1) Before terminating an employee,a nurse manger must
A) be an expert in all legal aspects of employment termination and discipline practices.
B) know the organization's specific policies for addressing disciplinary problems and employment termination.
C) function as a counsellor for problem employees.
D) do everything to assist and protect the employee by adjusting standards and policies.
Q2) In keeping with guidelines of the organization,the nurse manager documents staff problems.Documentation of disciplinary problems should A) include a plan to correct them and to prevent future occurrences.
B) state a detailed history of past problems that are related to the current one.
C) be written at the convenience of the manager.
D) accumulate until the evaluation period begins.
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26
Chapter 25: Workplace Violence and Incivility
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Sample Questions
Q1) Reza,RN,works as a staff nurse in the mental health department; Sharon works as a data entry clerk in the admissions department; Sarah is an emergency room physician; and Donna is a housekeeper in the geriatrics department.Which of the four is most likely to be a perpetrator of violence?
A) Reza
B) Sarah
C) Sharon
D) Donna
Q2) In addressing a high staff turnover rate that results from violence on a nursing unit,you are
A) confirming the high correlation between managerial incompetence and violence.
B) demonstrating awareness that workplace violence, if present, has significant costs.
C) aware that staff and manager experiences contribute to high turnover.
D) aware that violence is a rare but present factor in the workplace.
Q3) Many inaccurately believe workplace violence to be related specifically to A) verbal abuse.
B) physical injury.
C) incivility.
D) harassment.
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Chapter 26: Practising and Leading in Interdisciplinary Settings
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Sample Questions
Q1) During a fire drill,the nurse manager becomes very assertive and directive in her communications with staff.This type of situational leadership depends on
A) supportive behaviour by the leader and immature followers.
B) the relationship with the followers and the type of behaviour of the leader.
C) well-trained followers, combined with a strong leader who acts quickly.
D) the leader's ability to evaluate personnel and communicate that evaluation.
Q2) Determination of unregulated care provider's educational preparation and certification is related to the concept of:
A) accountability.
B) authority.
C) role performance.
D) assignment.
Q3) A key advantage that a nurse manager has in terms of delegating is that
A) patients receive less attention because too many staff members make it difficult to coordinate care.
B) nurses report less pressure to perform necessary tasks themselves.
C) administration can predict overtime more accurately.
D) team skills can be used more effectively.
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Chapter 27: Role Transition
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Sample Questions
Q1) In assisting new graduates to make the role transition to graduate nurse,Teo,the unit manager,initiates which of the following?
A) Self-checklist to assess competencies that have been strengthened
B) Discussions that focus on what the new graduates have yet to learn
C) Fixed target dates for acquisition of competency and transition to RN role
D) Frequent formal meetings to provide feedback on performance and areas to be strengthened
Q2) After beginning her new position,Samia spends a great deal of time in direct patient care.Her staff begin to complain that they are never able to find her when they need her and that some aspects of her responsibilities fall behind,such as scheduling.Samia is probably
A) lacking an understanding of the nurse management role.
B) attempting to prove her clinical skills to the nursing staff.
C) experiencing difficulty in unlearning old roles.
D) lacking enjoyment in her new role.
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Chapter 28: Self-Management: Stress and Time
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Q1) A nurse manager has decided that she must institute some personal time management steps to handle work and home life.Her first step should be to
A) determine what takes up so much of her time and energy.
B) organize her personal and work spaces.
C) purchase a handheld personal digital assistant to help remind her of important meetings.
D) determine her personal and professional goals.
Q2) In a job interview for a nursing position,Marley can be assured that which of the following will occur?
A) Both eustress and distress
B) Only eustress
C) Only distress
D) Neither eustress nor distress
Q3) The one activity that a nurse manager should not overlook is
A) posting the yearly rotation schedule.
B) reviewing vacation requests.
C) scheduling staffing for holidays 6 months in advance.
D) anticipating staff sick days.
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Chapter 29: Managing Your Career
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Sample Questions
Q1) A nurse is applying for a new position.This position is one in which she will serve as a liaison between a hospital and a school of nursing.The nurse has to update her résumé to include her teaching experience.The goal of creating a CV is to A) have a listing of facts about your professional life.
B) create an opportunity to be interviewed.
C) respond quickly whenever a position becomes available.
D) be certain that you can recall facts for a prospective position.
Q2) Before beginning her own nursing agency,a nurse worked with other temporary nursing agencies in nine states.This career style is known as
A) linear.
B) spiral.
C) steady state.
D) entrepreneurial/transient.
Q3) Professional associations
A) set regulatory requirements and establish entry requirements for nursing.
B) offer graduate programs for clinical and career advancement.
C) provide opportunities for career networking and support.
D) are open to all individuals who meet the criteria for membership.
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Chapter 30: Thriving for the Future
Available Study Resources on Quizplus for this Chatper
24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/44775
Sample Questions
Q1) Nursing professionals in the twenty-first century will accomplish most of their work
A) through teams of internationally prepared professionals.
B) in teams and through group work.
C) through long-term, secure jobs.
D) in competitive environments and work groups.
Q2) Which of the following behaviours exemplifies the characteristic most desired in the nurse of the future?
A) Coordination and maximization of resources
B) Acquiescence to the leader
C) Attentiveness to detail
D) Development of vision that is based on current realities, future trends, and evidence
Q3) Nursing research has indicated that the foundation for becoming a nursing leader is the ability to
A) write effectively.
B) speak two or three languages.
C) have a dialogue with others.
D) think critically.
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