Canadian Government and Politics
Exam Questions
Course Introduction
This course provides an in-depth examination of Canadian government and politics, exploring the historical evolution, constitutional framework, and key institutions that shape political life in Canada. Students will analyze the functions and roles of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches at both the federal and provincial levels, as well as the development and impact of federalism. The course also addresses significant political issues, such as Indigenous governance, multiculturalism, party dynamics, electoral systems, and the influence of public opinion and media. Through this study, learners will gain a comprehensive understanding of the complexities and challenges facing Canadian democracy in a contemporary context.
Recommended Textbook
Canadian Politics Critical Approaches 8th Edition by Christopher Cochrane
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Chapter 1: Approaching the Study of Politics
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Q1) Government authority is based on accountability.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q2) Which of the following is NOT an example of a pressure group?
A)National Citizen's Coalition
B)The Federal Conservative Party of Canada
C)Women's Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF)
D)Mothers Against Drunk Drivers (MADD)
Answer: B
Q3) In the rational choice approach, "goal-oriented" is synonymous with "preference-oriented."
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q4) The behaviour of individual politicians is an example of the political psychology approach.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Page 3
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Chapter 2: Institutional Foundations and the Evolution of the State
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Q1) Which term refers to the form of government in which the political executive must maintain the confidence of the elected legislature?
A)responsible government
B)representative government
C)federal government
D)democratic government
Answer: A
Q2) What did the Durham Report recommend?
A)the creation of Prince Edward Island
B)municipal governing policies
C)official bilingualism
D)responsible government
Answer: D
Q3) What is one of the fundamental principles of the Canadian constitution?
A)separation of powers
B)colonialism
C)multiculturalism
D)judicial review
Answer: D
Page 4
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Chapter 3: Regionalism
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Q1) State-centred theorists emphasize the predominance of Ontarians in decision-making positions in Ottawa.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Which province has profited from offshore petroleum revenues?
A)Nova Scotia
B)Newfoundland and Labrador
C)Prince Edward Island
D)New Brunswick
Answer: B
Q3) How has Canada has tried to combat regional economic disparities?
A)by encouraging interprovincial trading partnerships
B)by encouraging international ownership of natural resources
C)through regional economic development programs
D)through national economic development programs
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Aboriginal Peoples
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Q1) According to the Indian Act, which term refers to those Aboriginal Canadians registered with the federal government?
A)status Indians
B)non-status Indians
C)enfranchised Indians
D)North American Indians
Q2) Which statement best describes Aboriginal self-government principles?
A)Self-government will be exercised within the existing Canadian constitution and in the international sense.
B)Aboriginal self-governments will comply with their own set of Charter of Rights and Freedoms.
C)Aboriginal peoples will have the option to retain citizenship in Canada.
D)The inherent right to self-government is an existing Aboriginal right that is already recognized under the Canadian constitution.
Q3) The armed standoff at Oka was related to a dispute over land to be used for a golf course.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is meant by the term "Aboriginal self-government"?
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Chapter 5: French Canada and the Quebec Question
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Q1) Which statement best describes Quebec nationalism before 1960?
A)French nationalism was largely subconscious.
B)French nationalism was inward looking and defensive.
C)French nationalism was loosely connected with the Roman Catholic Church.
D)French nationalism had strong ties to France.
Q2) What are some of the characteristics that make Quebec distinct?
Q3) Which of the following was NOT a major crisis in French-English relations?
A)the Riel Rebellions
B)Ontario Regulation 17
C)Conscription in World War I
D)the King-Byng Affair
Q4) Explain the evolution of linguistic conflicts in Canada. How did these conflicts progress?
Q5) What is la francophonie?
A)an organization of French-speaking states
B)a Canadian pressure group representing all francophones
C)an association representing the interests of francophones outside Quebec
D)the satellite carrying French-language communications
Q6) Outline French-English relations within two of the following provinces: New Brunswick, Ontario, and Manitoba.
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Ethnocultural Minorities
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Q1) What were the basic objectives of Pierre Trudeau's multiculturalism policy?
Q2) From 1885 onward, immigrants from which country were required to pay a head tax to enter Canada?
A)India
B)Japan
C)Israel
D)China
Q3) One of the basic objectives of the multiculturalism policy was to assist immigrants in acquiring at least one official language.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In recent years, the bulk of immigrants to Canada have come from the Caribbean.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What are some of the key changes in immigration policy since the early 1900s? Is the current immigration policy assisting or hindering the wellbeing of current and future immigrants into Canada?
Q6) Trace the history of immigration patterns in Canada from the 1860s to the present.
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Chapter 7: Gender
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Q1) The "second wave" of the women's movement began about 1945.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which statement best describes employment equity programs in Canada?
A)These programs were designed to give preference to groups discriminated against in the past.
B)These programs have made women predominant in the public sector.
C)These programs have made women predominant in the private sector.
D)These programs have made women predominant in both the public and private sectors.
Q3) Which political parties have women historically supported?
A)the Liberals and the NDP
B)the Liberals and the Conservatives
C)the Green Party and the NDP
D)the Conservatives and the NDP
Q4) Bill C-38 recognized the legality of same-sex marriage.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What were the major concerns of second-wave feminists?
Q6) What are some of the major challenges that women face regarding employment?
Page 9
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Chapter 8: Class
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Q1) The largest union in Canada is the Canadian Union of Public Employees (CUPE).
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Social Credit Party pioneered hospital and medical insurance at the provincial level in Saskatchewan.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What field is NOT included in the main principal of federal measures?
A)foreign workers
B)seniors
C)people with disabilities
D)unemployed
Q4) What is NOT usually a demand of the corporate elite?
A)tax cuts for individuals
B)cutting transfer payments to provinces
C)deregulation
D)removing the tax advantages of income trusts
Q5) Class-consciousness in Canada is weakest among the new middle class.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 9: Urbanrural Location, Religion, and Age
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Q1) What issue will be most pressing for seniors in the future?
A)health care
B)Old Age Security
C)housing
D)mandatory retirement
Q2) As early as the 1980s, the recital of the Lord's Prayer in Ontario public schools was outlawed unless it was accompanied by readings from other religious groups.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The Liberal party has essentially been a rural party for generations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What group usually supports mandatory retirement?
A)young people
B)seniors
C)trade unions
D)the political elite
Q5) Explain the historical basis for a separate school system in Canada.
Q6) How is party preference split between urban and rural areas?
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Chapter 10: Canadas External Environment: The United
States and the World
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Q1) The Canada-U.S. Free Trade Agreement was not supposed to affect existing cultural programs.
A)True
B)False
Q2) How have international terrorism events, such as 9/11, affected Canadian domestic and foreign policy?
Q3) Which of the following is NOT a means of combating the extent of U.S. ownership of Canadian industry?
A)Crown corporations
B)the Free Trade Agreement
C)regulatory and funding agencies
D)tax incentives
Q4) The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) is a Crown corporation.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Which statement is a criticism of foreign investment?
A)Less capital may leave the country than was initially invested.
B)Research and development occurs outside the parent plant.
C)It lowers the standard of living for Canadians.
D)It increases the number of jobs in sciences in Canada.
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Chapter 11: The Canadian Political Culture
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Q1) Separatists centre on the "limited identities" and subcultures that characterize Canadian society.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Pluralists deride the notion of "one person, one vote" as a genuine measure of political equality.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What ideology argues that each person should have maximum freedom or liberty?
A)individualism
B)collectivism
C)liberalism
D)Marxism
Q4) Canadian demonstration of respect toward the law, judges, and police is called political efficacy.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the concept of limited identities and their importance for Canadian political values.
Q6) How can Canadians achieve a balance between individualism and collectivism?
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Political Socialization, The Mass Media, and Public Opinion Polls
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Q1) During the 1988 election campaign, many groups and companies attempted to influence public opinion about the Free Trade Agreement.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is the preferred medium for political information?
A)radio
B)Internet
C)newspapers
D)television
Q3) What is the Official Secrets Acts now called?
A)Security of Information Act
B)Emergencies Act
C)Access to Information Act
D)Accountability Act
Q4) Which of the following replaces the War Measures Act?
A)Official Secrets Act
B)Emergencies Act
C)Security of Information Act
D)Access to Information Act
Q5) Explain the class-analysis approach toward political socialization.
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Chapter 13: Elections and the Electoral System
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Q1) What is NOT necessary for an individual to be nominated as a party's candidate?
A)being endorsed by the party leader
B)filing a financial statement
C)getting 100 local names on his or her nomination papers
D)paying a $1000 deposit
Q2) Strategic voting is most common in the first-past-the-post electoral system.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What was the first election finance scandal to come to light in Canada?
A)the Beauharnois scandal
B)the Rivard scandal
C)the Gagliano scandal
D)the Pacific scandal
Q4) How does the discrepancy between seats won and popular vote affect political parties?
A)It results in party policies being directed only to areas where seats were won.
B)It results in distorted party leader selection.
C)It results in a broad representation of women and minorities.
D)It results in parties catering to areas where seats were lost.
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Chapter 14: Political Parties and the Party System
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Q1) Paul Martin led the Liberal Party to defeat in 2008 and was forced to resign immediately.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which theory suggests that the Liberal and Conservative parties have no central ideology and merely promise to satisfy the most important interests felt by the voters at any given time?
A)one-party dominant theory
B)broker theory
C)class-based theory
D)pluralist theory
Q3) Which of the following is considered to be a part of the "extra-parliamentary party"?
A)the bureaucracy
B)senators
C)local and national party executives
D)pollsters
Q4) The "Parliamentary party" is made up of the party's members of Parliament.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: The Election Campaign, Voting, and Political Participation
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Q1) What group is overrepresented in terms of candidates in federal elections?
A)business
B)working class
C)visible minorities
D)women
Q2) Which party developed the Constituency Information Management System (CIMS)?
A)Liberal
B)Conservative
C)NDP
D)Green
Q3) Describe how an individual candidate competes for office at the local level?
Q4) The Roman Catholic support for the Liberal party has exponentially increased over the past decade.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Explain the sociodemographic bases of political party support in Canada.
Q6) Younger voters in Quebec prefer the Bloc Québécois than any other party.
A)True
B)False
Q7) Why are leadership debates felt to be important in a national campaign? Page 17
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Chapter 16: Advocacy Groups, Social Movements, and Lobbying
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Q1) What are some of the differences and similarities between business and non-business interest groups?
Q2) Discuss three explanations for why advocacy groups are sometimes successful and sometimes not.
Q3) Many advocacy groups, including teachers and nurses, are actually more strongly organized at the provincial level than at the federal level.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What political party is linked to the Canadian Labour Congress?
A)NDP
B)Liberal
C)Conservative
D)Bloc Québécois
Q5) What group produces the annual Alternative Federal Budget document?
A)Canadian Chamber of Commerce
B)Canadian Labour Congress
C)Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives
D)Canadian Bar Association
Q6) What are the functions of advocacy groups?
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Chapter 17: The Canadian Constitution and Constitutional Change
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Q1) The Canada clause was part of the Charlottetown Accord.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The unwritten parts of the Canadian Constitution are referred to as oral interpretations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What were the major reforms proposed by the Charlottetown Accord, 1992?
Q4) Which section of the Charter ensures that Aboriginal and treaty rights are not diminished by the Charter?
A)Section 20
B)Section 25
C)Section 30
D)Section 35
Q5) Opponents of the Meech Lake Accord included women's, labour, and left-wing groups.
A)True
B)False
Q7) What concerns were raised regarding the Meech Lake Accord, 1982? Page 20
Q6) How have the constitutional changes affected Aboriginal Canadians?
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Chapter 18: The Federal System
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Q1) What has been the result of judicial interpretations of the Peace, Order, and Good Government clause?
A)a decrease in provincial powers
B)an increase in federal powers
C)an increase in provincial powers
D)an increase in POGG's prominence and importance
Q2) In-between the two world wars, Canada experienced a period of classical federalism.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How has Canadian federalism evolved since 1867? Has the government become more or less centralized over time?
Q4) The Canada Health Act allows the federal government to penalize provinces that do not cover all necessary health services provided by hospitals and medical practitioners.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Macdonald era from 1867 to 1896 can be labelled one of classical federalism.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: The Charter of Rights and Freedoms
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Q1) What were some of the significant events or issues that led to the creation of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms?
Q2) The Charter of Rights and Freedoms guarantees minority language education rights to any linguistic group where numbers warrant.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There are fetal rights in Canada.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Freedom of expression, security from search and seizure, and freedom of religion have all been extended by judicial interpretation to trade unions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The reasonable limits clause is Section 1 of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. A)True B)False
Q6) How are rights and freedoms classified? How have they historically been protected?
Q7) How are language rights protected under the Charter of Rights and Freedom?
Page 23
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Chapter 20: The Policy-Making Process and Policy
Instruments
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Q1) When the prime minister and Cabinet decide which of the proposals they have previously selected for consideration are worthy of adoption, they are engaged in policy formation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The principal players involved in any policy community are sometimes called stakeholders.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is NOT considered a policy instrument?
A)tax expenditures
B)referendum
C)regulation
D)state of emergency
Q4) Air Canada used to be a Crown corporation that has since been privatized.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The War Measures Act was invoked during a severe flooding in Manitoba.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter
21: The Executive: Crown, Prime Minister, and Cabinet
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Q1) Individual ministerial responsibility means that all ministers must publicly defend all Cabinet policies or else resign.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What are the advantages and disadvantages of the monarchy?
Q3) Who is regarded as the highest-ranking public servant?
A)governor of the Bank of Canada
B)Chief of Staff
C)clerk of the Privy Council and secretary to the Cabinet
D)auditor general
Q4) A Canadian constitutional convention requires that each province be represented in the Cabinet.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What title is given to an MP who is appointed to assist a Cabinet minister?
A)parliamentary secretary
B)parliamentary assistant
C)executive assistant
D)chief of staff
Page 25
Q6) How powerful is the Prime Minister of Canada?
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Chapter 22: The Bureaucracy
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Q1) Who handles human resources and financial and expenditure management?
A)Public Service Commission
B)Prime Minister's Office
C)Department of Finance
D)Treasury Board Secretariat
Q2) What reforms to the bureaucracy were proposed by the Gomery Inquiry?
Q3) The principle of individual ministerial responsibility means that ministers must resign for mistakes made by their officials.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Public servants in a department share four basic characteristics: they are expected to be expert, permanent, anonymous, and impartial.
A)True
B)False
Q5) The Auditor General is considered an agent of Parliament.
A)True
B)False
Q6) How is the Canadian bureaucracy controlled?
Q7) How are responsibility and accountability managed in departments?
Page 27
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Chapter 23: Parliament
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Q1) If a nonconfidence motion passes, the government must do one of two things. One option is to resign. What is the second option?
A)Ask the governor general for another chance.
B)Ask the Opposition for another chance.
C)Hold a referendum.
D)Call an election.
Q2) How many hours a week are reserved for private member bills and motions?
A)2
B)5
C)10
D)15
Q3) The Cabinet consists of all the elected members of each political party.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What motion is made when the government wants to call an election?
A)to prorogue Parliament
B)to dissolve Parliament
C)to adjourn Parliament
D)to terminate Parliament
Q5) What are the stages of a bill becoming a law?
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Chapter 24: The Judiciary
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Q1) Reference cases are cases referred to the Supreme Court of Canada by provincial courts.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Canadian and provincial legal systems, with the exception of Quebec, operate in the tradition of the English civil law.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Explain the principle of judicial independence. How does this relate to the removal of judges?
Q4) Which of the following is NOT considered an aspect of adjudication?
A)mediating differences between two disputing parties
B)interpreting the law in cases of dispute
C)applying the law to settle disputes
D)making a judgment
Q5) The federal Cabinet appoints provincial superior court judges.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are some of the main similarities and differences between civil and criminal law?
Page 29
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