Canadian Criminal Justice System
Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
The Canadian Criminal Justice System course provides an in-depth examination of the structures, processes, and key components that define criminal justice in Canada. Students will explore the legislative framework, the roles of law enforcement agencies, the courts, and correctional institutions, as well as the rights of the accused and victims. The course analyzes current challenges such as Indigenous justice issues, youth justice, crime prevention strategies, and various approaches to rehabilitation. Through case studies and discussions, students will gain a comprehensive understanding of how Canadian society addresses crime and administers justice within a framework of law, rights, and social values.
Recommended Textbook Criminology A Canadian Perspective 7th Edition by Rick Linden
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17 Chapters
316 Verified Questions
316 Flashcards
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Chapter 1: Crime, Criminals, and Criminology
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15 Verified Questions
15 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) We look at ______________________ by examining the criminal justice system.
A) Society's reaction to crime
B) The causation of crime
C) The social distribution of crime
Answer: A
Q2) The established rules of behaviour or standards of conduct in a given society are called
A) beliefs
B) conventions
C) norms
D) values
Answer: C
Q3) In Canadian society,using a fork to eat is an example of a A) Value
B) Universal norm
C) Social laws
D) Folkway
Answer: D
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3
Chapter 2: The Origins and Role of Law in Society
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22 Verified Questions
22 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Mode of Production is based on
A) Political institutions
B) Technology and the structure of social relationships
C) Technology and political institutions
D) Dispute settlements
Answer: B
Q2) In a hunting and gathering society,the headman
A) is chosen by election, or another formal process
B) possesses fixed authority
C) has power that is based on influence
D) is typically the person with the greatest amount of material resources
Answer: C
Q3) This political system similar to a kingdom that brings together a number of partly autonomous villages or communities under the hierarchical rule of a grand chief or A) Paramount Chieftain
B) Advisor
C) Chieftain
D) Mediator
Answer: A
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Criminal Law
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Duress is a defence found in:
A) Statutory rule
B) Legislative rule
C) Common law rule
D) The Criminal Code
Answer: C
Q2) The federal government has the exclusive jurisdiction to enact laws in one of the following areas. Which is it?
A) health
B) hunting and fishing
C) controlled drugs and substances
D) education
Answer: C
Q3) The Supreme Court of Canada recently ruled that extreme drunkenness could be used as a defence
A) only for a provincial offence.
B) only for crime which require specific intent
C) for all crimes if it can be proven to be extreme.
D) for sexual assault against women
Answer: B
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Chapter 4: Counting Crime
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The census metropolitan area in Canada that hadd the highest crime rate and the highest Crime Severity Index in 2010 was :
A) Regina
B) Halifax
C) Toronto
D) Ottawa
Q2) The "dark figure" of crime refers to:
A) unreported crime
B) crime committed after dark
C) the number of particularly horrendous crimes
D) consensual crime
Q3) Counting offences,suspects,inmates,or charges is a reference to:
A) levels of aggregation
B) administrative records
C) units of count
D) counting procedures
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Chapter 5: Correlates of Criminal Behaviour
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21 Verified Questions
21 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In comparing crime on Aboriginal reserves and those in other urban and rural areas it has been found that:
A) Offence rates are several times higher on reserves
B) offence rates are slightly higher on reserves
C) offence rates are slightly higher off reserves
D) offence rates are several times higher off reserves
Q2) The two strongest known correlates of crime are:
A) race and culture
B) sex and age
C) age and region
D) personality and attitudes
Q3) The "role convergence" hypothesis suggests that:
A) male criminal behaviour is becoming similar to that of females
B) female criminal behaviour is becoming similar to that of males
C) as social roles of the sexes become more equal, differences in their criminal behaviour will diminish
D) as a result of male and female roles become similar, male crime will increase out of frustration
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Chapter 6: Feminism and Criminology
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) In the liberal approach,the finding that women are more likely to be charged with shoplifting offences was explained with reference to their
A) biological makeup.
B) domestic instincts.
C) gender roles and socialization.
D) economic status.
Q2) Which of the following best illustrates a zero tolerance policy?
A) police lay charges in all cases where they have grounds to believe a domestic assault has occurred
B) any unwanted touching of someone is considered a sexual assault
C) anyone who has taken any drugs cannot consent to sex
D) all crimes are punished
Q3) The patriarchal family is the family in which
A) the eldest male is head of the household.
B) the eldest female is head of the household.
C) both the father and the mother work outside of the home
D) the father is employed in an authority position in the workforce and the wife is not employed outside the home.
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Chapter 7: Victimology, victim Services, and Victim Rights in Canada
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6 Verified Questions
6 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) How many of the six principles set out in the Ontario Police Services Act that structure 911 calls deal with victims of crime?
A) 0
B) 1
C) 3
D) 5
Q2) Which Canadian city has been at the forefront of services for victims of domestic violence?
A) Edmonton
B) Saskatoon
C) Toronto
D) London, Ontario
Q3) The first pioneers of victimology and victim rights were mostly.
A) members of academe
B) parents of murdered children
C) government officials
D) politicians
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Early Theories of Criminology
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The Gluecks focused their research on:
A) body types
B) IQ
C) atavism
D) cognitive styles
Q2) The theoretical approach focusing on making criminology scientific,accepting cause-effect relationships,and open to discovery,is called:
A) enlightenment
B) a classical approach
C) positivism
D) natural science
Q3) The Classical School is associated with:
A) Lombroso
B) Beccaria
C) Sutherland
D) Ferri
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Psychological Perspectives on Criminality
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23 Verified Questions
23 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Lack of feelings of guilt or remorse for violent and sadistic crimes is characteristic of:
A) negative symbolic modeling
B) delinquency
C) extraversion
D) psychopathy
Q2) Research on the association of aggressive behaviour by children with exposure to depictions of violence on television demonstrates:
A) a strong correlation and clarity about the direction causation
B) a weak correlation but lack of clarity about the direction of causation
C) a weak correlation but clarity about the direction of causation
D) no link
Q3) According to Kohlberg's theory,teenagers tend to be located in one of the stages below. Which is it?
A) Conventional
B) Non-conventional
C) Postconventional
D) Preconventional
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11
Chapter 10: Strain Theories
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17 Verified Questions
17 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Drug use is most likely to be found in:
A) a criminal subculture
B) a conflict subculture
C) a transitional subculture
D) a retreatist subculture
Q2) The condition known as microanomie is where an individual
A) places more value on self-interest than on collective values.
B) places less value on self-interest than on collective values.
C) places equal value on self-interest and collective values.
D) places interest in other peoples values and not their own.
Q3) Which of the following is a concept developed by Emile Durkheim to describe an absence of clear societal norms and values.
A) Strain
B) Relative deprivation
C) Cultural conflict
D) Anomie
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Chapter 11: Conflict Theories
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21 Verified Questions
21 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What,according to cultural conflict theory,causes social conflict and potential criminalization of the cultural practices of subordinate groups?
A) difference of conduct norms
B) class conflict
C) religious strife
D) anomie
Q2) George Vold explained that there are two general classes of group conflict that can result in criminal behaviour.He believed that
A) conflict between interest groups is a normal social process.
B) theories should focus on individual choices and responsibility for criminal behaviour.
C) there is no real democracy in organized political society
D) conduct norms clash on the border areas between distinct cultures .
Q3) Feminism and Marxism are:
A) cultural conflict theories
B) gender- and class-based conflict theories
C) consensus theories
D) phenomenological theories
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Chapter 12: Contemporary Critical Criminology
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13 Verified Questions
13 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Bourdieu's "field theory"
A) alerts critical criminologists to the many forms of power that are amassed and the role they play in the domination over and definition of criminalized classes.
B) revives the ethnographic tradition in criminology and directs it towards crime as a living experience.
C) understands criticism of the police actions and criminology.
D) provides critical criminologists a tool for evaluating what is hidden or unspoken with social life and criminal justice practices.
Q2) Which of the following refers to the ways in which the ghetto is marked by a stigma that automatically devalues its residents by dint of their association with this neighbourhood.
A) Negative social capital
B) Negative symbolic capital
C) Feel for the game
D) Social capital
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Chapter 13: Interactionist Theories
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Secondary deviation occurs when an individual
A) commits deviant acts but does not adopt a primary self-identity as a deviant.
B) does not commit deviant acts but is viewed by authorities to have done so.
C) accepts the label of deviant resulting in the adoption of a deviant self-identity that confirms the deviant lifestyle.
D) does not accept the label of deviant resulting in the adoption of a deviant self-identity but conforms to a deviant lifestyle.
Q2) Ethnomethodologists are interested in
A) how agents of social control and ordinary citizens make sense of deviants and deviant acts.
B) the deviant interchanges people have with one another, and the meanings of these interchanges in the present, past, and future.
C) the study of how rules are applied to some people and not to others.
D) how a person lifestyle changes their behaviour and creates deviant behaviour.
Q3) The term moral entrepreneur includes
A) rule creators and rule enforcers
B) rule creators but not rule enforcers
C) rule enforcers but not rule creators
D) neither rule creators nor rule enforcers
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Page 15
Chapter 14: Social Control Theory
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19 Verified Questions
19 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Gottfredson and Hirschi proposed that
A) individuals with low self-control have a greater propensity to commit crimes when they have the opportunity to do so.
B) individuals with high self-control have a greater propensity to commit crimes when they have the opportunity to do so.
C) individuals with low self-control have a greater propensity to commit crimes even when the opportunity does not present itself.
D) early childhood experiences do not produce low levels of self-control that will result in higher levels of deviance.
Q2) Suicide caused by rapid social and economic changes that have left a society without a clear system of moral beliefs and sentiments is identified as:
A) egoistic
B) altruistic
C) anomic
D) fatalistic
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Chapter 15: Deterrence, routine Activity, and Rational
Choice Theories
14 Verified Questions
14 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The idea that young people who like to hang out in the evenings are more likely to be victims than are those who go to organized activities or remain at home to study is best associated with
A) Rational choice theory
B) Routine activities approach
C) Environmental criminology
D) Deterrence theory
Q2) One way to prevent crime by focusing on motivated offenders is:
A) keeping less money at home
B) providing recreational facilities in the community
C) having a cell phone ready to dial 911
D) having a security system
Q3) Who is (are)associated with lifestyle/exposure theory?
A) Hindelang
B) the Brantinghams
C) Cohen and Felson
D) Linden
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Page 17
Chapter 16: Organized Crime
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24 Verified Questions
24 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a predatory/consensual crime?
A) kidnapping
B) illegal trade in organs
C) loansharking
D) stock market manipulation
Q2) Which Canadian city harbours most of the 'ndrangheta?
A) Toronto
B) Vancouver
C) Montreal
D) Winnipeg
Q3) Which of the following organized crime groups includes individual who were former intelligence officers?
A) Chinese/Asian
B) Outlaw motorcycle gangs
C) Colombian/South American
D) Russian/Easter European
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Page 18
Chapter 17: Corporate and White-Collar Crime
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18 Verified Questions
18 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The concept of a "juristic person" refers to:
A) equality before the law
B) the concept of intention or mens rea
C) judges and other members of the court
D) the legal principle that businesses are to be treated as individuals
Q2) Britain's Barings Bank,a bank which had been controlled by the same family since 1762,was bankrupted by the actions of a 28 year old trader in the bank's Singapore office. This is an example of
A) Business crime
B) Internal fraud
C) Executive disengagement
D) Criminogenic disregard
Q3) Crimes committed on behalf of corporations are called
A) White-collar crimes
B) Occupational crime
C) Organizational crime
D) Professional crimes
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