Business Research Methods
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Course Introduction
Business Research Methods explores the fundamental techniques and principles used to conduct systematic and objective inquiry into business problems and opportunities. This course covers a wide array of research methodologies, including qualitative and quantitative data collection, survey design, sampling strategies, data analysis, and interpretation of results. Students will learn how to formulate research questions, develop hypotheses, conduct literature reviews, and apply ethical standards in research. Emphasis is placed on critical thinking and the application of research findings to inform decision-making and strategy in various business contexts.
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Business Research Methods 1st Edition by William G. Zikmund
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Chapter 1: Introducing Business Research
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Q1) The methodological framework contains all of the information and detail relating to the research methodology and methods used in the research project. This framework contains all of the information and detail on the way in which the research was carried out. The researcher designs the research methodology for the research project based on the nature of the research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Interpretivists hold that:
A)data gathered in the research process must be interpreted.
B)we each interpret the world in our own way, and through our individual and unique interpretations we each of us construct our own realities.
C)interpretation is fundamental to the research process.
D)we are all part of one reality which must be interpreted.
Answer: B
Q3) Positivists see the world as having one reality of which we are all a part.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 2: Developing Research Skills
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Q1) Theory is to be found:
A)Through long periods of reflection.
B)In literature.
C)In the arguments of theorists.
D)In very complex, scholarly books.
Answer: B
Q2) The work of every researcher is both theoretical and applied. Theory is to be found in literature, i.e. in books, journal articles, in theses, in government reports and papers, in the published works of company's and NGO's, and in the reports of conference proceedings. The applied aspect of the research task is in the actual work involved in carrying out research.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) The research process:
A)Is long and very complicated.
B)Is the step by step process used to accomplish the research project.
C)Changes with each research project.
D)Is comprised of a lot of simple steps.
Answer: B
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Chapter 3: Understanding Research Ethics
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Q1) One critical question that should be asked of every research project is whether the project warrants all the work, expenditure of resources, and trespass on the time and experiences of potential participants.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The researcher reflects on the ethical issues in each phase of the research process.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Two key ethical questions researchers should ask themselves are what are the potential harms that might befall participants in their research and what are the potential risks that might arise from their research,
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 4: Understanding Research Philosophy
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Q1) Questions of ontology are :
A)Quite difficult questions to answer.
B)Questions about the methodology to be used in the research project.
C)Questions about the data gathering methods to be used.
D)Questions about the nature of reality.
Q2) Feminism is a philosophical framework.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The researcher makes a contribution to knowledge by:
A)Knitting their research into the body of knowledge in the area within which they have situated the research project.
B)Completing the research project.
C)Using the four frameworks approach to the research project.
D)Learning the model of the research process off by heart.
Q4) All research is about the generation of:
A)Money.
B)Statistics.
C)Numerical data.
D)Knowledge.
Q5) Name five of the philosophical frameworks commonly used in social research.
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Chapter 5: Developing a Research Proposal
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Q1) Spidergrams are a good way of exploring ideas and developing ideas.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is not really possible to finally outline a research statement for a research project until you have undertaken some reading of the literature.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The objectives of the research flow from:
A)The aim of the research.
B)The consciousness of the researcher.
C)The research idea.
D)Protracted discussions between the researcher and their supervisor.
Q4) The researcher starts working on the literature review by developing a search strategy for literature using key words taken from the key concepts in the conceptual framework.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Outline the first three steps of the research process.
Q6) What are spidergrams and what are they used for?
Page 7
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Chapter 6: Reviewing the Literature
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Q1) The theoretical framework emerges from the conceptual framework.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The literature in a field or area of research constitutes the:
A)Written resources in the field or area of research.
B)Body of knowledge in the field or area of research.
C)Most important literary works in the field or area of research.
D)The most valuable books in the field or area of research.
Q3) When searching for literature, researchers search library databases using:
A)Any facilities available.
B)Computers.
C)Key word searches.
D)Their expertise in ICTs.
Q4) The four frameworks are the conceptual framework, the theoretical framework, the methodological framework and the analytical framework.
A)True
B)False
Q5) A critical perspective is a reflective, thoughtful, evaluative perspective.
A)True
B)False
8
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Chapter 7: Understanding Research Methodology and Design
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Q1) Experimental Design is the methodology used when conducting experiments. True experiments are rarely conducted in business research or in social science research generally. This is because of the difficulties in controlling for all the different variables in social science situations and phenomena. Properly designed experiments can be very effective in laboratories or in laboratory conditions. Laboratory conditions are difficult to replicate in the social world or in the study of social phenomena research.
A)True
B)False
Q2) What does the methodological pyramid illustrate?
Q3) Discourse analysis is a research methodology that facilitates the identification of discourses in the social world and the analysis of those discourses. According to Fairclough (1995), discourses can be written texts, spoken words and/or cultural artefacts.
A)True
B)False
Q4) A survey methodology is the best research methodology to use in business research.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: Understanding Research Methods, Populations and Sampling
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Q1) The key issue in sampling is that of representation. The concept of representation relates to the degree to which a sample drawn from a population can be said to be representative of the population.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Data Collection methods, research populations and samples and sampling methods are fundamental elements of:
A)The conceptual framework.
B)The theoretical framework.
C)The methodological framework.
D)The analytical framework.
Q3) Saturation point is reached when the researcher, though continuing to explore the phenomenon with participants in the research, no longer hears any new thoughts, feelings, attitudes, emotions, intentions, etc. This is saturation point, the researcher is 'saturated' with knowledge on the topic and continuing to engage participants would not be useful, necessary, or ethically sound, as engaging further participants in the research will not add in any way to the knowledge generated.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Using Secondary Data and Archival Sources
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Q1) Primary data is data the researcher males or creates themselves.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Try to ensure when you do select a sub-set of data:
A)That what you're doing is not illegal.
B)That the logic holds, that you understand what the data selected out really means.
C)That you don't lose data.
D)That you don't destroy the large data set.
Q3) It is important to develop the capacity to evaluate the:
A)The amount of data available online.
B)Utility or the value of data that you find online.
C)The amount of sources of data available online.
D)The length of time it will take you to online data.
Q4) It is important always to use secondary data in any research project..
A)True
B)False
Q5) A data set is a collection of data.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Using Observation
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Q1) The second thing the researcher has to do is to:
A)Identify the easiest way of carrying out the research.
B)Decide on which data gathering method s/he would like to use.
C)Figure out how to gain access to the data.
D)Decide on which data gathering method the research supervisor likes to use.
Q2) The critical decisions to be made in any observation study are: deciding what exactly is to be observed; deciding how to conduct the observation; and deciding how to record the observation.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There are no ethical issues in the use of covert observation.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The first thing the researcher has to do is to identify:
A)The easiest way of carrying out the research.
B)The data required for the research.
C)The means of gathering data that s/he would prefer to use.
D)The means of gathering data that the research supervisor prefers to use.
Q5) Name the three ways in which an observation study can be structured.
Q6) What kind of data can be produced in an observation study?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Using Interviews and Focus Groups
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Q1) Bias can be introduced into a research project at any stage, as the design stage, during sampling, data gathering, data analysis, or at the stage of detailing findings and coming to conclusions about research.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Bias can also refer to some systematic error that has somehow been introduced to the research.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Qualitative research is said to be subjective and situated within a framework of constructivism and/or interpretivism.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The ontological perspectives with constructivist and interpretivist philosophical frameworks hold reality to be multiple, individually interpreted, or socially constructed.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What is a closed question?
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Chapter 12: Using Questionnaires and Scales
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Q1) The researcher works hard at producing a questionnaire and/or scale that:
A)Will be easy to administer.
B)Will be simple to analyse.
C)Will be simple and short.
D)Will be valid and reliable.
Q2) Sentence completion exercises are:
A)Questionnaires.
B)Scales.
C)Projective techniques.
D)Secondary sources of data.
Q3) The word code in a questionnaire refers to:
A)The oblique language used in the design of the questionnaire.
B)The code developed for each of the responses to each of the questions asked in the questionnaire.
C)The code word(s) the researcher uses for the questionnaire.
D)The code word(s) the researcher uses for the research.
Q4) Vignettes, sentence completion exercises and role play are all examples of projective techniques.
A)True
B)False
14
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Chapter 13: Managing Data and Introducing Data Analysis
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Q1) CAQDAS stands for computer assisted qualitative data analysis software.
A)True
B)False
Q2) It is of the utmost importance that the analysis and the findings from the analysis are grounded in the data.
A)True
B)False
Q3) There are two different approaches to the analysis of data, quantitative data analysis and qualitative data analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q4) CADA stands for:
A)Complex and Assisted Data Analysis.
B)Careful Analysis of Data Advised.
C)Computer Assisted Data Analysis.
D)Complete Analysis of Data Advised.
Q5) Soap and water is essential to the process of cleaning data.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Why is data management important?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Analysing Quantitative Data
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Q1) The effect is called:
A)The dependent variable.
B)The independent variable.
C)The intervening variable.
D)The dichotomous variable.
Q2) When a researcher engages in quantitative analysis using inferential statistics, the sampling method used becomes critical. Probability sampling methods must be used.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Gender is a variable. In general, it has:
A)One value.
B)Two values.
C)Three values.
D)Four values.
Q4) The assumed cause is:
A)The dependent variable.
B)The independent variable.
C)The intervening variable.
D)The dichotomous variable.
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Chapter 15: Analysing Qualitative Data
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Q1) Content analysis has application only in quantitative data analysis.
A)True
B)False
Q2) If the methodology used in the research is narrative analysis:
A)Then the data analysis process will be phenomenological.
B)Then the data analysis process will be a grounded theory approach to data analysis.
C)Then the data analysis process will be the analysis of discourses.
D)Then the data analysis process will be the analysis of narratives.
Q3) In the first stage of data analysis, we describe what is there in the data, what is evident in the data.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The analytical framework is the:
A)First framework in the four frameworks approach to the research project.
B)Second framework in the four frameworks approach to the research project.
C)Third framework in the four frameworks approach to the research project.
D)Fourth framework in the four frameworks approach to the research project.
Q5) Give some examples of how language is used differently in quantitative and qualitative research.
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Chapter 16: Drawing Conclusions and Writing Research
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Q1) The data analysis chapter:
A)Contains details of the research methodology.
B)Contains the analytical framework for the research project.
C)The methodological framework.
D)The conclusions and recommendations of the research.
Q2) Recommendations should be:
A)Hard to implement.
B)Very complex.
C)Very ambitious.
D)Do-able or achievable. There is no point in making recommendations that cannot possibly be put in action, perhaps because the necessary resources would be not available, or perhaps because there would be too much opposition to them, or for other reasons.
Q3) The research methodology chapter contains all of the information:
A)On how the research was carried out.
B)On the background to the research.
C)On the context for the research.
D)On the appendices detailed in the research.
Q4) What is an overall conclusion in a research project?
Q5) What is a conclusion in a research project?
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