Business Research Methods
Midterm Exam
Course Introduction
Business Research Methods introduces students to the fundamental principles and techniques used in conducting systematic research within the business environment. The course covers the process of identifying research problems, formulating research questions, and designing appropriate methodologies. Students will gain practical skills in data collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation of results, as well as learn about the ethical considerations involved in business research. The course also emphasizes the application of research findings to real-world business decision-making, preparing students to critically analyze information and present data-driven recommendations.
Recommended Textbook Research Methods The Essential Knowledge Base 2nd Edition by Trochim
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Chapter 1: Introduction
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Q1) The degree to which the conclusions in a study would hold for other persons in other places and at other times is referred to as _______________.
Answer: external validity
Q2) Valerie's state passed a law mandating a free public pre-kindergarten education for three- and four-year-old children,although school enrollment is not mandatory until age five,with kindergarten.She is tracking the school-readiness and reading-readiness scores of all children starting kindergarten to see how the children who are enrolled in the pre-K program do in comparison to those of similar background who do not attend.Valerie is conducting ____.
A)applied research
B)implementation research
C)basic research
D)policy research
Answer: D
Q3) A(n)_______________ focuses on a specific question or issue and uses specific preplanned methods to identify,select,assess,and summarize the findings of multiple research studies.
Answer: systematic review
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3
Chapter 2: Ethics Foundations of Ethics in Research
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Q1) The _______________ involved poor African American sharecroppers with a potentially fatal sexually transmitted infection who were not treated for the infection even after a cure was available.
Answer: Tuskegee Syphilis Study
Q2) Research misconduct involving manipulating research materials,equipment,or processes,or changing or omitting data or results such that the research is not accurately represented in the research record is classified as ____.
A)plagiarism
B)falsification
C)fabrication
D)deception
Answer: B
Q3) A detailed document summarizing the purpose and procedures of a study is referred to as a(n)_______________.
Answer: protocol
Q4) The phrase "_______________" means that the risk of harm is not greater than that experienced in everyday life situations such as typical academic or medical examinations.
Answer: no more than minimal risk
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Chapter 3: Qualitative Approaches to Research
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Q1) External validity is to quantitative research as ____ is to qualitative research.
A)credibility
B)transferability
C)dependability
D)confirmability
Answer: B
Q2) Aisha is interested in individuals with severe persistent mental illness who train their own psychiatric service dogs.She has identified a group of individuals who are training their own psychiatric service dogs,and they meet regularly to,exchange tips,and discuss their experiences.Aisha asks them what the single most remarkable change they have noticed in themselves as a result of training their own service dogs.Aisha is best described as using the ____ approach.
A)focus group
B)participant observation
C)unstructured interview
D)most significant change
Answer: D
Q3) Systematic analysis of text is referred to as _______________.
Answer: content analysis
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Sampling Foundations of Sampling
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Q1) The _______________ is a model for generalizing from a study to other contexts based upon the degree to which the other context is similar to the study context.
Q2) The model for generalizing from one study to other contexts,based upon the degree to which the other context is similar to the original study context,is called the ____.
A)Proximal Similarity Model
B)sampling model
C)Respondent-Driven model
D)gradient model
Q3) A sample that starts with subjects known to the experimenter,and is enlarged by adding subjects known to the first set of subjects and so on,is a(n)____ sample.
A)quota
B)snowball
C)heterogeneity
D)expert
Q4) In _______________,the sampling is being done for the most frequent or typical case.
Q5) What is systematic random sampling and how is it accomplished?
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Chapter 5: Introduction to Measurement
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Q1) Donna's study of time management includes having participants record the amount of time spent studying each day.This is best described as a(n)____ scale.
A)nominal
B)ordinal
C)interval
D)ratio
Q2) In the formula illustrated in the accompanying figure,sd stands for ____.
A)standard deviation
B)systematic deviation
C)standard dispersion
D)systematic dispersion
Q3) A(n)_______________ scale simply ranks attributes.
Q4) Checking a new test to be certain that it contains items that it would be expected to contain based on the relevant literature provides an assessment of ____ validity.
A)content
B)face
C)discriminant
D)concurrent
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Chapter 6: Scales, Tests, and Indexes
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Q1) When Guttman scaling is being used,items are selected for inclusion using ____ analysis.
A)text
B)factor
C)scalogram
D)bivariat
Q2) Test makers use ____ to attempt to control factors that are irrelevant to the construct being measured.
A)validation
B)standardization
C)factor analysis
D)item analysis
Q3) The history of testing actually goes back to 5200 BCE,when Chinese government officials were selected based on their performance on a common examination.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Describe the steps involved in the Method of Equal-Appearing Intervals.
Q5) According to Stevens,"scaling is the assignment of objects to numbers according to" a(n)_______________.
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Chapter 7: Survey Research
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Q1) Eric is conducting a survey that asks about the use of illicit substances,and he recognizes that for many individuals,this is extremely sensitive information.Which format would best serve his needs?
A)group questionnaire
B)drop-off survey
C)focus group
D)personal interview
Q2) If the respondent may need time to formulate a response,for example,to gather medical records,a(n) _______________ interview is typically the best choice of all of the interview types.
Q3) After an exhausting day,Suzanne has just finally selected her bridal gown and the gowns for her attendants.After she makes her choices and while she is waiting for the purchase agreement to be printed off,she is asked to take a few moments to complete a survey about the process.This is best described as a(n)____.
A)point-of-experience survey
B)group-administered questionnaire
C)drop-off survey
D)dual-media survey
Q4) Identify and discuss the key population issues in conducting surveys.
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Chapter 8: Introduction to Design
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Q1) Pat notices that when thunder can be heard in the distance,her dog,Rudy hides under her desk,and she believes that the thunder causes Rudy to hide.She notices that Rudy does not hide in response to other loud noises,if,for example,she drops a cast iron pan in the kitchen.In experimental terms,Pat has observed ____.
A)temporal precedence
B)covariation
C)plausibility
D)causality
Q2) What social threat to internal validity occurs because a comparison group learns about the program either directly or indirectly from program group participants?
A)diffusion of treatment
B)compensatory rivalry
C)resentful demoralization
D)compensatory equalization
Q3) What type of design is shown in the accompanying figure?
A)add-remove formed by expanding program and observation elements over time
B)two-treatment design formed by expanding across programs
C)basic pre-post randomized experimental design
D)randomized experiment expanded with a nonequivalent control group
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Page 10
Chapter 9: Experimental Design
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Q1) Although any continuous variable can be used as a covariate,a(n)_______________ is usually best.
Q2) If an experimental design is well implemented,the experiment is probably the strongest design with respect to internal validity.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A design in which some cells or combinations in a factorial design are intentionally left empty is said to be ____.
A)imperfect
B)incomplete
C)partial
D)limited
Q4) The factorial design is research design's equivalent to stratified random sampling. A)True
B)False
Q5) The null case is a situation in which treatments have no effect.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Quasi-Experimental Design
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Q1) Describe the two forms of the proxy-pretest design.
Q2) There are ____ possible outcomes in a non-equivalent groups design.
A)two
B)three
C)four
D)five
Q3) In the proxy-pretest design,the pretest is collected after the program is given.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Consider the accompanying figure,illustrating the regression discontinuity design.What is shown by B?
A)regression line
B)cutoff
C)crossover
D)discontinuity
Q5) The fundamental threat to internal validity in the regression-discontinuity design is selection.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Describe the pattern-matching NEDV design.
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Introduction to Data Analysis
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Q1) The ____ is commonly called the average.
A)mean
B)median
C)mode
D)range
Q2) What is the mode of this set of scores?
4,4,7,3,6,10,2,7,3,10,4,8,2,2,2
A)2
B)3
C)4
D)10
Q3) Both qualitative and quantitative analyses have underlying assumptions.
A)True
B)False
Q4) If a researcher sets alpha at .05,the probability of a Type I error ____.
A)= .05
B)= .10
C)= .95
D)cannot be calculated from alpha
Q5) Describe the phenomenon of fishing and explain how it is related to error.
Page 13
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Chapter 12: Inferential Analysis
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Q1) The degrees of freedom are a function of the ____.
A)alpha level
B)variance
C)means
D)sample size
Q2) The accompanying formula is the regression model for the____.
A)2 x 2 factorial
B)randomized block
C)analysis of covariance
D)regression point displacement
Q3) The General Linear Model is the major framework for statistical modeling in the social sciences.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Researchers have generally adopted the _______________% Confidence Interval as an acceptable boundary for an estimate.
Q5) The randomized block design reduces noise or variance in the data.
A)True
B)False
Q6) The error term in the GLM is also called the _______________.
Page 14
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Chapter 13: Communicating Research
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Q1) In an APA-style paper,what are the two components of citing other research?
Q2) Most conference presentations are ____ minutes in length.
A)5 to 10
B)10 to 15
C)15 to 20
D)20 to 25
Q3) The abstract is a brief version of the title.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The references are placed immediately after the ____.
A)introduction
B)method
C)results
D)discussion
Q5) The way a reference is referred to in the body of the text is referred to as a(n)_______________.
Q6) What is APA format and why does it matter?
Q7) The last section in an APA-style paper is the_______________.
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Q8) The flow diagram giving specific details on every step from enrollment to analysis is referred to as a(n)_______________-type diagram.