Business Ethics
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Course Introduction
Business Ethics is a course that explores the principles and challenges of ethical decision-making within the business environment. Students will examine theories of morality, ethical frameworks, and the social responsibilities of organizations, as well as real-world dilemmas faced by business professionals. The course covers topics such as corporate governance, stakeholder management, ethical leadership, and issues related to diversity, sustainability, and globalization. Through case studies and critical analysis, students will develop the skills to identify ethical issues, evaluate options, and make responsible choices that balance profitability with the well-being of society.
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Business and Society Stakeholders Ethics Public Policy 14th Edition by Anne Lawrence
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Chapter 1: The Corporation and Its Stakeholders
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Q1) When something stands out from a background,is seen as important,or draws attention it is:
A) Urgent.
B) Salient.
C) Powerful.
D) Legitimate.
Answer: B
Q2) With the explosive growth of technologies that facilitate the sharing of information,this kind of stakeholder power has become increasingly important:
A) Economic power.
B) Political power.
C) Informational power.
D) Legal power.
Answer: C
Q3) Stakeholders involved with one part of a company often may have little or no involvement with another part of the company.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Managing Public Issues and Stakeholder Relationships
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Sample Questions
Q1) Because the public issues that garner the most public attention change over time,companies do not waste time tracking them.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Environmental intelligence is the acquisition of information gained from analyzing the multiple environments affecting organizations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Stakeholder engagement is:
A) Any issue that is of mutual concern to an organization and one or more of its stakeholders.
B) Competitive intelligence being collected ethically and systematically.
C) The process of ongoing relationship building between a business and its stakeholders.
D) The acquisition of information gained from analyzing the multiple environments. Answer: C
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Chapter 3: The Corporations Social Responsibilities
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Sample Questions
Q1) Huge businesses can disproportionately influence politics,shape tastes,and dominate public discourse.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Reports have shown that 70 percent of consumers said they would buy a product even if they did not like the company's reputation behind the product.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A company who complies with the laws and regulations set by the government is:
A) Meeting the minimum level of social responsibility expected by the public.
B) Meeting the maximum level of social responsibility expected by the public.
C) Not meeting government expectation.
D) Following a practice of enlightened self-interest.
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Ethics and Ethical Reasoning
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Sample Questions
Q1) In a 2010 study of 400 companies,what percentage of firms said the benefits of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act outweighed its costs?
A) 12%
B) 33%
C) 55%
D) 70%
Q2) A just or fair ethical decision occurs when:
A) The rights of all affected are considered.
B) The greatest good for those with power is achieved.
C) Benefits and burdens are distributed equally.
D) All of the above.
Q3) Explain the purpose of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.What issues does the act address? Discuss recent changes in regulatory interpretation of the Act.
Q4) According to utilitarian reasoning,an action is ethically preferred when its benefits outweigh its costs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Discuss why businesses should be ethical.
Q6) Briefly discuss the meaning of ethics.
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Chapter 5: Organizational Ethics and the Law
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Q1) In most companies,a moral atmosphere cannot be detected.
A)True
B)False
Q2) According to a recent Transparency International survey,Denmark and Sweden are two countries that are least likely to be subjected to bribery.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Typically,ethics training is offered to:
A) Managers.
B) To the rank-and-file.
C) Both managers and the rank-and-file.
D) The Board of Directors only.
Q4) A company that channels employee behavior in a lawful direction by emphasizing the threat of detection and punishment is:
A) Operating under the compliance-based approach.
B) Practicing "tone at the top."
C) Operating under the integrity-based approach.
D) Operating under the instrumental policy approach.
Q5) Define law.Discuss the differences between law and ethics.
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Chapter 6: The Challenges of Globalization
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Q1) Productivity rises more quickly when countries produce goods and services for which they have a natural talent.
A)True
B)False
Q2) An example of an international financial and trade institution is:
A) World Bank.
B) International Monetary Fund.
C) World Trade Organization.
D) All of the above.
Q3) The acceleration of globalization has been driven by:
A) Technological innovation.
B) Transportation systems.
C) Social and political reforms.
D) All of the above.
Q4) Discuss the benefits and costs of globalization.Provide examples of how globalization has helped or harmed individual nations and the world economy.
Q5) Compare and contrast the world's political and economic systems and their effects on globalization.
Q6) How can global action networks help global problem solving?
Page 8
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Chapter 7: Global Corporate Citizenship
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Sample Questions
Q1) How can triple bottom line reporting be used to measure a firm's corporate citizenship practices?
Q2) Companies see the need to build more coherent initiatives as they move into the:
A) Innovative stage.
B) Integrated stage.
C) Engaged stage.
D) Transforming stage.
Q3) Robert Civita,chairman and CEO of the Brazilian Abril Group,has defined global corporate citizenship as "socialism with a conscience."
A)True
B)False
Q4) When a company puts its commitment to social and environmental responsibility into practice worldwide,not only locally or regionally it is called:
A) Corporate Social Responsibility.
B) Global Sustainability.
C) Global Corporate Citizenship.
D) Community Investing.
Q5) What is a social audit? Describe one of the three ways audit standards can be created.
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Chapter 8: Business-Government Relations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Past decisions of the courts,the original basis for the U.S.legal system,are called:
A) Torts.
B) Amendments.
C) Legitimate actions.
D) Common laws.
Q2) Why does international regulation occur? Discuss the conditions that affect the regulation of business in a global context.
Q3) Public policy effects are always unintended consequences of an action.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Regulation cannot be applied to international business behavior.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In 2012 the European Union imposed a carbon emissions fee on all airlines flying in and out of EU airspace that:
A) Successfully raised funds through fees to limit greenhouse gas emissions.
B) Garnered great support from the Chinese and U.S. governments.
C) Generated great opposition from more than two dozen countries.
D) Effectively eliminated green house gas emissions in its airspace.
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Chapter 9: Influencing the Political Environment
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Q1) Who are the major participants in the political process and are they cooperative or adversarial in their relations with each other?
Q2) The most effective type of lobbying involves targeting only federal officials.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Firms in the chemical industry,which must contend with frequently changing environmental regulations and the risk of dangerous accidents,usually have:
A) No defined political strategy.
B) A sophisticated political strategy.
C) A political strategy focused on intellectual property rights.
D) A political strategy focused on licensing rights.
Q4) According to the textbook,under the existing U.S.campaign contributions law,individuals can contribute:
A) Up to $1,400 to any candidate per election.
B) Up to $2,500 to any candidate per election.
C) Up to $5,400 to any candidate per election.
D) Nothing, only organizations can contribute to candidates.
Q5) How do the three types of corporate political strategies differ from each other?
Q6) Compare and contrast the three levels of business political involvement.
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Sustainable Development and Global Business
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Q1) A shared resource,such as land,air,or water,that a group of people uses collectively is a(n):
A) Economic village.
B) Collective resource.
C) Global unification.
D) Commons.
Q2) What defines an environmental problem that is inherently global in scope? Discuss in detail two of the four global problems outlined in the textbook that will have major consequences for business and society.
Q3) A new imperative for governments,businesses and society is to:
A) Preserve the global commons and assure its continued use.
B) Assure fair access to the global commons for all individuals.
C) Equalize the usage of the global commons among all nations of the world.
D) Avoid the use of the global commons in order to preserve it for future use.
Q4) Human society used 60 times as much energy in the late 20<sup>th</sup> century as it did in 1860,when industrialization was in its early stages.
A)True
B)False
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Managing Environmental Issues
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Q1) Describe the environmental management practices of a business firm with which you are familiar.Which stage of the corporate environmental responsibility model best fits this firm,and why? Looking again at this same firm,what steps might its managers take to improve its environmental performance? In answering this question,consider the various elements of effective environmental management.
Q2) Cost-benefit analysis seeks to weigh the relative costs and benefits of various alternatives,to see which one gives the "best value." Of the various areas of environmental protection discussed in this chapter (air,water,and land),which one do you think has been the best value? Which has been the worst value? On what basis do you think so?
Q3) Superfund has been regarded as a public policy success in the cleanup of toxic waste sites.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Under the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act of 1976,hazardous waste must be treated before disposal in landfills.
A)True
B)False
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Page 13
Chapter 12: Technology,Organizations,and Society
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Q1) We are currently in which phase in the development of technology?
A) Industrial.
B) Service.
C) Information.
D) Semantic.
Q2) Nations have tended to move sequentially through each phase of technology,beginning with the lowest technology and moving higher with each step.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Which of the following is not true about the service phase of technology?
A) It was the fourth phase in the development of technology.
B) It emphasized providing services.
C) It required manual and intellectual skills.
D) It dominated from 1900 to 1960.
Q4) Another name for unsolicited commercial emails is:
A) Spam.
B) Junk e-mail.
C) UCE.
D) All of the above.
Q5) Discuss what factors have fueled technological growth and development?
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Chapter 13: Managing Technology and Innovation
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Q1) According to The International Federation of the Phonographic Industry (IFPI),worldwide sales of music fell by how much in 2009?
A) 10 percent.
B) 35 percent.
C) 50 percent.
D) 75 percent.
Q2) Intellectual property refers to:
A) Protecting one's ideas, concepts, and symbolic creations.
B) Special laws protecting copyrights, patents, and trademarks.
C) Prohibiting the downloading of commercial software or videogames.
D) All of the above.
Q3) Recent technological advances have decreased the number of way that privacy violations may occur.
A)True
B)False
Q4) The identification of human genes is critical to:
A) Early diagnosis of life-threatening diseases.
B) New ways to prevent illnesses.
C) Development of drug therapies.
D) All of the above.
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Chapter 14: Stockholder Rights and Corporate Governance
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Q1) What is insider trading? Explain how the courts have defined this practice.
Q2) Identify and provide an example for each of the five major legal rights afforded to stockholders.
Q3) The directors of a company are a central factor in corporate governance because they:
A) Exercise formal legal authority over company policy.
B) Have the highest stake in the performance of the company.
C) Have a moral responsibility to fulfill the needs of both the company's employees and customers.
D) Inherited the business from their predecessors.
Q4) When boards of directors meet without management present,they are more likely to have completely candid discussions about a company's affairs.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In U.S.vs.O'Hagen,the court ruled that someone who traded on the basis of inside information when he or she knew the information was confidential was guilty of misappropriation.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 15: Consumer Protection
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Q1) The act that requires lenders to inform borrowers of the annual rate of interest to be charged,plus related fees and services charges is called:
A) The Consumer Protection Act.
B) The Product Safety Act.
C) The Predatory Mortgage Act.
D) The Truth in Lending Act.
Q2) In some cases,businesses have banded together to agree on how they will treat their customers.This is called:
A) Code of regulation.
B) Consumer affairs doctrine.
C) Voluntary industry codes of conduct.
D) Industry action standards.
Q3) Under what legal doctrine does a firm bear legal responsibility for injuries caused by something it made or sold,whether or not it was negligent or breached a warranty?
A) Strict liability.
B) Product liability.
C) Consumer liability.
D) Supplier liability.
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Chapter 16: Employees and the Corporation
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Q1) Employees in the United States have the right to organize and bargain collectively.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which law allows individuals who sue federal contractors for fraud to receive up to 30 percent of any amount recovered by the government?
A) False Standards Act.
B) Economic Priorities Act (as amended in 1999).
C) U.S. False Claims Act (as amended in 1986).
D) Fair Labor Standards Act.
Q3) When an employee believes their employer has done something that is wrong or harmful to the public,and he or she reports alleged organizational misconduct to the media,government,or high-level company officials,what has occurred?
A) Insider trading.
B) Hot-lining.
C) Whistle-blowing.
D) Snitching.
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Chapter 17: Managing a Diverse Workforce
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Q1) Even though racial and gender bias has been lowered in most organizations,women and persons of color remain underrepresented in executive level positions.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Do you believe companies are ever justified in treating women or minority employees differently,with respect to wages,benefits,job assignments,or promotions? If not,why not? If so,under what conditions,and why?
Q3) The growing diversity in the U.S.workforce is due to:
A) Millennials entering the workforce.
B) Immigration from other countries.
C) Shifting patterns of work and retirement.
D) All of the above.
Q4) Variation in the important human characteristics that distinguish people from one another is called:
A) Workforce variability.
B) Diversity.
C) Difference.
D) Affirmative action.
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Chapter 18: The Community and the Corporation
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Q1) Describe how companies can target their corporate contributions strategically to meet the needs of the recipient while satisfying business goals and objectives.Cite an example.
Q2) Which company donates 5 percent of its branches or stores' total sales revenue to a worthy local nonprofit organization three days a year?
A) H&M.
B) Whole Foods Markets.
C) Bank of America.
D) Citigroup.
Q3) How do companies encourage their employees to volunteer their time?
A) By publicizing specific projects.
B) By offering recognition for service.
C) By publicizing opportunities to serve.
D) All of the above.
Q4) The community relies heavily on business,but business is not mutually dependent on the community.
A)True
B)False
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Managing Public Relations
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Q1) A firm can affect the general public's values,attitudes and actions through:
A) Television advertisements.
B) Billboard messages.
C) Blogs written by CEOs.
D) All of the above.
Q2) According to comScore,a provider of digital intelligence,in December 2008 the total number of individuals,aged 15 and older,who accessed the Internet from their home or work computers was:
A) 100,000.
B) 1 million.
C) 1 billion.
D) 10 billion.
Q3) Define the general public.How do firms and the public affect one another?
Q4) Which of the following is a type of corporate crisis?
A) Acts of God.
B) Management indecision.
C) Mechanical problems.
D) All of the above.
Q5) Define a corporate crisis.Outline an effective crisis management plan for a public relations manager.
21
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