Business Ethics
Review Questions
Course Introduction
Business Ethics explores the principles and challenges of ethical decision-making in the modern business environment. The course examines fundamental theories, concepts, and frameworks for analyzing ethical issues in various business contexts, including corporate social responsibility, stakeholder management, and ethical leadership. Through case studies and real-world examples, students learn to identify ethical dilemmas, evaluate alternative courses of action, and understand the implications of ethical and unethical behavior for organizations and society. The course also addresses current topics such as sustainability, globalization, and the impact of cultural differences on ethical standards.
Recommended Textbook
Business and Society Stakeholders Ethics Public Policy 13th Edition by Anne T. Lawrence
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Chapter 1: The Corporation and Its Stakeholders
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Q1) Businesses and society are independent of one another.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Nonmarket stakeholders are those that engage in economic transactions with the company as it carries out its primary purpose of providing society with goods and services.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) Corporations who run their operations according to the stakeholder theory of the firm create value by:
A) Innovating new products.
B) Increasing their stock price.
C) Developing their employees' professional skills.
D) All of the above.
Answer: D
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Chapter 2: Managing Public Issues and Stakeholder Relationships
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Q1) A public issue exists when there is agreement between the stakeholders' expectations of what an institution should do and the actual performance of those businesses.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Environmental intelligence is the acquisition of information gained from analyzing the multiple environments affecting organizations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) Legal environment includes the structure, processes, and actions of government at the local, state, national, and international levels.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Corporate Social Responsibility
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Q1) An argument against corporate social responsibility is that it imposes unequal costs among competitors.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) When the Odwalla Company sought to improve the safety of its fresh juice drinks by pasteurizing voluntarily, they were:
A) Seeking to satisfy their stakeholders.
B) Discouraging government regulation.
C) Correcting social problems caused by business.
D) None of the above.
Answer: B
Q3) Which of the following is not a driver of the Corporate Social Responsiveness phase of Corporate Social Responsibility?
A) Religious/ethnic beliefs.
B) Social unrest/protest.
C) Stakeholder pressures.
D) Public policy/government regulations.
Answer: A
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Page 5
Chapter 4: Ethics and Ethical Reasoning
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Q1) The Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires that firms maintain good financial practices, apart from high ethical standards, in how they conduct and monitor business operations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The reason(s) behind the uncertainty of an ethical or unethical decision is (are) that different people and groups:
A) May honestly and genuinely use different sources of information.
B) May rank various rights in different ways.
C) May not share the same meaning of justice.
D) All of the above.
Q3) Under the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, corporations are required to:
A) Have executives vouch for the accuracy of a firm's financial reports.
B) Have their audit committee comprised of only executives employed by the firm.
C) Collect reimbursements from the U.S. government if financial restatements occur.
D) All of the above.
Q4) There are four reasons stated in the textbook as to why ethical problems occur in business. Identify the nature of each ethical problem and the typical approach taken in response to the problem.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Organizational Ethics and the Law
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Q1) Recipients of the corporate ethics awards show that:
A) Awards are based on economic power, not ethical performance.
B) Firms can be financially successful and ethically focused.
C) Being legally compliant results in receiving an ethics award.
D) Improving ethical performance is very costly, but bolsters a firm's reputation.
Q2) How are firms honored for their efforts to create an ethical climate? Provide examples of role model companies and what efforts they took to develop effective ethics programs.
Q3) Define ethical climate. Discuss the differences and similarities among the ethical climates outlined in the textbook.
Q4) Which of the following is not an example of an ethical criterion?
A) Egoism.
B) Concern for others.
C) Principle.
D) Corporate driven.
Q5) Iceland and Sweden are two countries that are least likely to be subjected to bribery.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: The Challenges of Globalization
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Q1) A firm that has global operations has:
A) All of their manufacturing and service operations abroad.
B) Some or all of their manufacturing or service operations abroad.
C) Manufacturing but not service operations abroad.
D) Service but not manufacturing operations abroad.
Q2) An individual who is a supporter of globalization would argue that it helps the developing world by:
A) Giving entrepreneurs access to foreign investment funds to support economic development.
B) Allowing new ideas and technological innovations to spread quickly.
C) Providing people in developing countries with more jobs.
D) All of the above.
Q3) Most nations in the world share similar political, social and economic beliefs. A)True
B)False
Q4) Globalization directly and indirectly influences the politics, environment, geopolitics, and economics of virtually every country in the world.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Global Corporate Citizenship
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Q1) Robert Civita, chairman and CEO of the Brazilian Abril Group, has defined global corporate citizenship as "socialism with a conscience."
A)True
B)False
Q2) What is a social performance audit? Discuss the differences in social performance auditing in the United States versus Europe.
Q3) Define the five stages of corporate citizenship. Provide an example of a company in each stage.
Q4) Social performance audits look at what an organization does, not at the results of the actions.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In 2001, the French Parliament passed the "new economic regulations" law which requires a social performance audit focusing on its impact on:
A) Nuclear safety.
B) The community.
C) Equality in hiring.
D) Environmental initiatives.
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Page 9
Chapter 8: Business-Government Relations
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Q1) Policies that affect the supply, demand, and value of a nation's currency are:
A) International standards policies.
B) Social assistance policies.
C) Fiscal policies.
D) Monetary policies.
Q2) Government regulations come in different forms. Discuss the major types of government regulations of business.
Q3) Public policy effects are always unintended consequences of an action.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What could the United States government do about the out of control costs of regulation and the staffing of regulatory agencies in the United States?
Q5) Regulatory activity often is cyclical.
A)True
B)False
Q6) Economic regulations aim at modifying the normal operations of the free market and the forces of supply and demand.
A)True
B)False
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Influencing the Political Environment
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Q1) Supporters of advocacy advertisements believe that they:
A) Identify a company as an interested and active stakeholder.
B) Can help mold public opinion on a particular policy issue.
C) Increase union activity and long-term expenses for an organization.
D) Both A and B, but not
Q2) How do the three types of corporate political strategies differ from each other?
Q3) Under U.S. law, lobbying activities must be disclosed publicly.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Which of the following is not a constituency-building strategy tool?
A) Expert witness testimony.
B) Advocacy advertising.
C) Public relations.
D) Legal challenges.
Q5) Who are the major participants in the political process and are they cooperative or adversarial in their relations with each other?
Q6) Campaign finance reforms can be found in many countries other than the United States.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
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Q1) Do you believe economic development (industrialization) helps or hurts the environment? Why?
Q2) Which of the following statements is not true about the population?
A) The world population will peak at over 11 billion people around the year 2100.
B) For many thousands of years, population growth was gradual.
C) Industrial production would have to quintuple over the next 40 years in order to maintain the same living standard that people have now, given expected population growth.
D) Just 10,000 years ago, the earth was home to no more than 1 million humans, scattered in small settlements.
Q3) According to eminent biologist Edward O. Wilson, the costs of decreasing biodiversity include:
A) Every species extinction diminishes humanity.
B) Species diversity is one of the planet's most important and irreplaceable resources.
C) The capacity for natural genetic regeneration reduces with extermination of species.
D) All of the above.
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Page 12
Chapter 11: Managing Environmental Issues
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Q1) An ecologically sustainable organization is a business that addresses environmental issues only when they pose an immediate threat.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Most big companies are still in the pollution prevention stage of corporate environmental responsibility.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The first United States federal laws to protect the environment involved protecting navigable waterways.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Environmental regulations stimulate some sectors of the economy by:
A) Creating jobs in industries like environmental consulting, asbestos abatement, and instrument manufacturing.
B) Saving jobs in industries like fishing and tourism when natural areas are protected or restored.
C) Compelling businesses to become more efficient by conserving energy.
D) All of the above.
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Chapter 12: Technology, Organizations, and Society
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Q1) A program designed to build, and market ultralightweight, durable netbook computers for children aged 6 through 12 throughout the world is called:
A) Computers without Boarders.
B) One Laptop per Child.
C) No Child Left Behind.
D) Computers for Kids.
Q2) Anti-spam legislation was passed by which country making it a crime to send unsolicited e-mail messages to people's private e-mail addresses or cell phones?
A) United States.
B) Japan.
C) United Kingdom.
D) Germany.
Q3) In 2006, the largest for-profit online education provider was:
A) Apollo Group.
B) Career Education Corporation.
C) University of Phoenix.
D) Hooked on Phonics.
Q4) Discuss what factors have fueled technological growth and development.
Q5) Define technology and describe its three primary features.
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Chapter 13: Managing Technology and Innovation
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Q1) Recent technological advances have decreased the number of way that privacy violations may occur.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In a 2007 survey of more than 800 North American privacy and security professionals, what percentage acknowledged having at least one reportable data breach of personally identifiable information with their organizations during the past 12 months?
A) 25 percent.
B) 40 percent.
C) 85 percent.
D) 99 percent.
Q3) According to Bill Joy, Sun Microsystems' chief scientist, the 21<sup>st</sup> century technologies:
A) Are the safest and most human friendly known to civilization.
B) Must be controlled by the companies that invest in them to protect society.
C) Can be used for good if government and business work together.
D) Are so powerful they can spawn whole new classes of accidents and abuses.
Q4) How is the corporate Chief Information Officer a "coach" for the organization?
Q5) Who is to say that genetically modified foods are safe for human consumption?
Page 15
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Chapter 14: Stockholder Rights and Corporate Governance
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Q1) What was a major contributor to the collapse of Enron in 2001?
A) The company's top executives made bad investments.
B) Several failed merger attempts with other firms.
C) Lax oversight by the company's audit committee.
D) The bear market of the early 2000s.
Q2) The mission of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) is to:
A) Protect shareholders' rights by making sure that stock markets are run fairly.
B) Protect companies from hostile takeovers.
C) Ensuring that institutional investors do not take control of company management.
D) Ensuring that the federal treasury receives its share of the revenues from stock trading.
Q3) Stockholders have become an increasingly powerful and vocal stakeholder group in corporations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Identify and provide an example for each of the five major legal rights afforded to stockholders.
Q5) Do you think U.S. executives are compensated too highly? Why or why not?
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Chapter 15: Consumer Protection
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Q1) In some cases, businesses have banded together to agree on how they will treat their customers. This is called:
A) Code of regulation.
B) Consumer affairs doctrine.
C) Voluntary industry codes of conduct.
D) Industry action standards.
Q2) As business firms grow in size and market power, they have increasingly lost the ability to dominate marketplace transactions with their customers.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Consumer advocates argue that consumers are entitled to five core rights. What are they? Explain each.
Q4) Which organization brings together 300 nonprofit groups to espouse the consumer viewpoint?
A) Consumers Union.
B) Consumer Federation of America.
C) National Consumer League.
D) Public Citizen.
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Chapter 16: Employees and the Corporation
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Q1) Which law allows individuals who sue federal contractors for fraud to receive up to 30 percent of any amount recovered by the government?
A) False Standards Act.
B) Economic Priorities Act (as amended in 1999).
C) U.S. False Claims Act (as amended in 1986).
D) Fair Labor Standards Act.
Q2) The U.S. Constitution protects the right to free speech-which means only the government can take away this right.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Employees in the United States have the right to organize and bargain collectively.
A)True
B)False
Q4) In general, employee assistance programs have been very cost effective.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Provide an example where employee whistle-blowing is justified and an example where it is not. Provide support for each example.
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Chapter 17: Managing a Diverse Workforce
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Q1) Under the Family Medical Leave Act, companies that employ 50 or more people must grant unpaid, job-protected leaves for up to 12 weeks to employees with serious family needs, including the birth or adoption of a baby.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Executive Order 11246, established in 1965, mandates:
A) Affirmative action for all government employees.
B) Affirmative action for all federal contractors and subcontractors.
C) Equal pay for equal work for all federal contractors and subcontractors.
D) Family and medical leave for all federal employees for illness, or the birth of a child.
Q3) What did General Mills do to integrate family considerations into its operations?
A) Established an on-site infant care center.
B) Established on-site health care services.
C) Offered exercise classes at the company's health and fitness center.
D) All of the above.
Q4) What is the role of government in the area of equal employment opportunity? Discuss from a historical perspective.
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Chapter 18: The Community and the Corporation
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Q1) Describe how companies can target their corporate contributions strategically to meet the needs of the recipient while satisfying business goals and objectives. Cite an example.
Q2) Which of the following statements is true about the relationship between business and the community?
A) It is one of mutual interdependence.
B) Business has more responsibility towards community than the community does towards business.
C) Communities possess more social power than businesses do.
D) All of the above statements are true.
Q3) Social capital is a phrase that describes the following, except:
A) The goodwill that is engendered by the fabric of social relations.
B) A close relationship between companies and groups in the community.
C) The norms and networks that enable collective action.
D) All of the above are described by social capital.
Q4) Corporations are prohibited from giving more than 10 percent of its income for philanthropic purposes.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 19: Managing Public Relations
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Q1) Historically, public relations officers worked mostly through contact with traditional media outlets.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The Federal Trade Commission serves as a public watchdog evaluating honesty and fairness in advertising.
A)True
B)False
Q3) A rule of media communication is to:
A) Be honest.
B) Be current.
C) Be accessible.
D) All of the above.
Q4) According to comScore, a provider of digital intelligence, in December 2008 the total number of individuals, aged 15 and older, who accessed the Internet from their home or work computers was:
A) 100,000.
B) 1 million.
C) 1 billion.
D) 10 billion.
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