Business and Society Study Guide
Questions
Course Introduction
Business and Society explores the complex interrelationships between commercial organizations and the broader social, political, and environmental contexts in which they operate. The course examines the responsibilities of businesses to various stakeholders, including shareholders, employees, consumers, communities, and the environment. Topics covered include corporate social responsibility, ethical decision-making, regulation and public policy, sustainability, and the evolving role of business in addressing global challenges. Through case studies and current events, students will analyze how businesses can balance profit-making with social good and understand the impact of organizational decisions on society at large.
Recommended Textbook
Diversity in Organizations 3rd Edition by
Myrtle P. Bell
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Chapter 1: Introduction to the Study of Diversity in Organizations
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Q1) As a result of efforts to avoid discrimination against minorities, the unemployment rate for Whites is about three times the rate for African Americans.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
Q2) Diversity without a supportive climate can result in negative consequences in an organization
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q3) Research indicates that effective management of diversity is associated with stock prices.
A)True
B)False Answer: True
Q4) Diversity is beneficial only to women and minorities.
A)True
B)False Answer: False
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Chapter 2: Theories and Thinking About Diversity
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Q1) Consumer racial profiling involves differential treatment of consumers in the marketplace based on race/ethnicity that constitutes denial of a degradation in the products and/or services that are offered to the consumer.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) Strategies to reduce propensities to engage in in-group, out-group categorizations include
A) helping group members work to achieve common goals.
B) increasing competition among group members.
C) encouraging group members to view themselves as two separate groups.
D) encouraging group members to continue automatic stereotyping.
Answer: A
Q3) Stereotyping is often an unconscious process.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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Chapter 3: Legislation
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Q1) Which of the following is true of age discrimination in employment?
A) The Age Discrimination in Employment Act (ADEA) is defined as prohibiting employment-related discrimination against persons who are 50 and older.
B) Age discrimination is of less importance now than in the past due to the millions of aging baby boomers in the United States.
C) Retaliation against those who file claims of discrimination is not illegal.
D) Acting on stereotypes about someone's ability based on his or her age is prohibited under the ADEA.
Answer: D
Q2) The Equal Pay Act of 1963
A) has been somewhat successful in reducing wage disparities between whites and minorities.
B) is an amendment to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act.
C) has been limited by sex segregation and exceptions due to merit and seniority.
D) has reduced the wage gap to about 10 cents to the dollar.
Answer: C
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Chapter 4: Blacksafrican Americans
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Q1) When Black parents engage in racial socialization, they usually decrease the ability of their Black children to handle discrimination in an effective manner.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Glass ceilings and glass walls are likely to be strengthened by all of the practices below except:
A) Assigning less challenging work to minorities.
B) Minimizing constructive feedback to women and minorities to avoid being seen as racist.
C) Providing mentoring opportunities for women and minorities to take on positions involved with finance.
D) Assigning minorities to minority neighborhoods and clients so they can establish better connections.
Q3) Underemployment can affect the quality of a person's future employment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Underemployment refers to when very few minorities are able to find a job.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 5: Latinoshispanics
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Q1) If they prefer to do so, it is generally legal for employers to require employees to speak English at all times while at work.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Hispanic women
A) due to strong cultural traditions, are more likely to be unemployed than employed.
B) work outside the home at about the same rates as Black women.
C) are more likely to experience employment hardship than non-Hispanic White women.
D) tend to work in male-dominated positions.
Q3) Racial profiling and customer abuse and mistreatment
A) partly result from poor management practices and lack of supervision.
B) are practices that all organizations avoid in order to attract customers.
C) will not result in negative publicity against organizations due to media bias.
D) are unfounded accusations from people who are part of activist organizations.
Q4) Hispanics now comprise about 25% of the U.S. population.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Asians and Asian Americans
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Q1) The Chinese Exclusion Act was the first federal legislation to bar immigrants based on national origin.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Asians who come to the U.S. are less likely to become naturalized citizens than immigrants from any other country.
A)True
B)False
Q3) As a minority group in the United Kingdom, Asians experience marginalization and unemployment.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Asian Americans have a bimodal distribution of educational attainment.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Asian Americans actually have the lowest educational level of racial/ethnic group with only a very few who have completed a college degree.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Whiteseuropean Americans
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Q1) Along with other groups, Whites should view diversity as a potential source of competitive advantage.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The population growth rate for non-Hispanic Whites is lower than that of Asians.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Non-Hispanic White men with bachelor's degrees earn about $20,000 more than Asian men with bachelor's degrees.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Recently, along with Latino immigrant workers, White immigrants have also experienced exploitation and abuse.
A)True
B)False
Q5) At higher levels of education (associate's, bachelor's and higher), Whites are less likely to be unemployed than every racial and ethnic group.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 8: American Indians, Alaska Natives, and
Multiracial Group Members
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Q1) Native Americans are often overlooked in studies of diversity in organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) The 1990 census was the first time that one could self-identify with more than one race.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The majority of American Indians live on reservations.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Since the Year 2000, the law no longer permits people to indicate multiple racial identities to the U.S. Census but must select just one.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Barack Obama
A) is widely considered to be Black, but is actually biracial.
B) was the first Black U.S. senator in history.
C) is a dual citizen of the U.S. and Kenya.
D) is Black, Hispanic, and American Indian.
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Chapter 9: Sex and Gender
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Q1) The great majority of women in the U.S. are employed in a small number of occupational groups, referred to as "crowding".
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is not true regarding White women and women of color in the workforce?
A) At a societal level, women of color occupy the lowest-paid, lowest-status jobs of any group.
B) White women have higher workforce participation rates than some women of color, but not others.
C) The combination of race and sex creates advantages for women of color, thus they have benefited more from affirmative action programs than White women.
D) The earnings of White women with a bachelor's degree are higher than similarly educated Black and Hispanic women.
Q3) Quid pro quo harassment includes such things as jokes and photographs.
A)True B)False
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Chapter 10: Work and Family
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Q1) The FMLA has few obvious inadequacies.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Research results suggest that pregnant women who work for family-supportive organizations plan to return to work sooner after childbirth and are more committed to their organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Compared with women with less education, women with higher education are more likely to be in the workforce even if they have very young children.
A)True
B)False
Q4) About half of employees are not covered by the FMLA.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Compared with women, men are more likely to have access to flexible schedules.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 11: Sexual Orientation
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Q1) In implementing non-discriminatory policies toward sexual minorities at work,
A) Organizations should ignore negative reactions of coworkers.
B) Organizations should consider also offering equality in benefits for domestic partners.
C) Organizations should not consider any possibility that sexual orientation could affect job performance.
D) Get rid of all older employees since they are likely to sabotage any such policies.
Q2) Research has found that people who perceived sexual orientation discrimination in their workplace had more negative job attitudes and lower satisfaction.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Nearly half of the new HIV/AIDS cases result from heterosexual contact or the injection of drugs.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Skin color is obvious but sexual orientation is invisible.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 12: Religion
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Q1) Nearly two-thirds of Arab Americans are Christian.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Women clergy experience a "frosted glass ceiling" in religious organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Employers are encouraged to create a culture of inclusion regarding religion. This means that
A) organizations should try to develop policies that fit the majority of employees.
B) policies should be reviewed to determine how they affect people of different religions.
C) employers should convince employees that they adjust their behaviors to fit in with the company's policies.
D) companies should make an accommodation even if organizational functioning is impaired.
Q4) People of the same faith will all have the same level of religiosity.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 13: Age
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Q1) Discrimination and stereotypes on the basis of age affect older, but not younger workers.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Regarding age and gender,
A) women are perceived to become old at younger ages than men.
B) older men and women are similarly disadvantaged.
C) older women are viewed as more intellectually competent than men.
D) older men are viewed as being more nurturing than older women.
Q3) Which of the following is true of research on younger workers' employment experiences?
A) Younger workers believe age is overall a negative factor in their employment experiences.
B) Younger workers who have college degrees are free from discrimination.
C) Some younger workers reported being paid less than workers in similar jobs because of their age.
D) Younger workers, especially young women, tend to be less well educated as older workers.
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Chapter 14: Physical and Mental Ability
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Q1) People with disabilities, unlike women, do not seem to experience the glass ceiling and job segregation.
A)True
B)False
Q2) In terms of marketing efforts for customers with disabilities
A) organizations have long recognized the market potential of customers with disabilities.
B) making stores more accessible could benefit customers with or without disabilities.
C) the disabled population is so varied that marketing efforts would be too costly.
D) the government provides tax incentives for improving accessibility for employees but not customers.
Q3) Which of the following is true of disabilities and the selection process?
A) Tests should be related to successful job performance.
B) Tests should be required of applicants with visible disabilities.
C) Before making any offers, medical exams can be required of applicants with visible disabilities.
D) Medical exams can be required of all applicants for any or no reason.
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Chapter 15: Weight and Appearance
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Q1) Which of the following is true of overweight and obesity at work?
A) Overweight people have lower absence than others.
B) Overweight people strongly resist discrimination at work by boycotting and protesting.
C) Overweight is erroneously associated with negative personal attributes.
D) Overweight people are not likely to be discriminated against at work.
Q2) The prevalence of overweight has increased primarily due to
A) more people building muscle.
B) increased consumption of water.
C) weight is being measured more frequently for more people.
D) changes in leisure activities.
Q3) Abercrombie and Fitch has had multiple diversity concerns including
A) selling merchandise that perpetuated stereotypes about Hispanics.
B) favoring Filipinos in hiring practices.
C) using race-coded job channeling.
D) targeting the obese by employing only those who are obese.
Q4) One-third of the U.S. population is overweight or obese.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 16: International Diversity and Facing the Future
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Q1) Poor and minority group members are more likely to be convicted when arrested, but receive lighter sentences.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Differences in education, workforce participation, and employment levels vary too much in different locations to be helpful in identifying non-dominant groups in a particular country or location.
A)True
B)False
Q3) The results of eliminating discrimination and valuing diversity include
A) increased poverty.
B) increased lifespans.
C) weaker economies.
D) disregard for human rights.
Q4) There are some diversity concerns that are common to nations around the world. A)True
B)False
Q5) Most people who live in persistent poverty are lazy and unmotivated. A)True
B)False
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