Business and Society
Pre-Test Questions
Course Introduction
Business and Society examines the complex relationships between businesses, governments, and the broader community. The course explores how organizations operate within social, ethical, and environmental contexts, highlighting the responsibilities businesses have toward various stakeholders. Key topics include corporate social responsibility, ethical decision-making, the impact of globalization, regulatory frameworks, and sustainable business practices. Students will analyze real-world case studies to understand the ways in which business actions can influence and are influenced by societal expectations, addressing challenges and opportunities for creating positive social impact.
Recommended Textbook
Business Ethics A Textbook with Cases 9th Edition by William H. Shaw
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11 Chapters
700 Verified Questions
700 Flashcards
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Page 2
Chapter 1: The Nature of Morality
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Sample Questions
Q1) The code or principles of conduct that a person accepts
A)constitute the whole of his or her morality.
B)can be distinguished from the person's morality in a broader sense that includes his or her values,ideals,and aspirations.
C)rarely guide his or her conduct in practice.
D)is the same as the standards of etiquette that a person accepts.
Answer: B
Q2) When ethical relativism is put into practice,it implies that A)societies never share any moral values in common.
B)in ethics,sometimes the minority is right.
C)we cannot say that slavery is wrong if the society in question believes it is right.
D)as societies evolve,their morality improves.
Answer: C
Q3) The example of Huckleberry Finn shows A)one should always obey one's conscience.
B)when in doubt,one should ignore one's conscience.
C)we shouldn't rely uncritically on what our conscience says.
D)unlike most people,Huckleberry Finn lacked a conscience.
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Normative Theories of Ethics
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Sample Questions
Q1) Utilitarianism is appealing as a standard for moral decision making in business.Which of the following provides a reason for this?
A)Utilitarianism provides an objective way of resolving conflicts of self-interest.
B)Utilitarianism provides a rigid approach to moral decision making.
C)Utilitarianism provides a fuzzy standard for formulating and testing policies.
D)Utilitarianism gives us firm rules to follow,rules that don't permit exceptions.
Answer: A
Q2) Immanuel Kant believed that prostitution was immoral because,by selling their sexual services,prostitutes allow themselves to be treated as only a means to an end.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q3) W.D.Ross denied that we have immediate,intuitive knowledge of the basic prima facie obligations.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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4
Chapter 3: Justice and Economic Distribution
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Sample Questions
Q1) In Anarchy,State and Utopia,Robert Nozick advocates
A)Libertarianism.
B)Kantianism.
C)Utilitarianism.
D)Egoism.
Answer: A
Q2) Briefly explain the basic principles of Nozick's entitlement theory.
Answer: Nozick's entitlement theory is a theory of distributive justice that focuses on the principles of just acquisition and just transfer. According to Nozick, individuals are entitled to their holdings as long as they have acquired them through a process of voluntary exchange, gift, or labor, and as long as the transfer of these holdings has been voluntary and without coercion. This means that individuals have a right to their property and possessions as long as they have acquired them justly and have not violated the rights of others in the process. Nozick's theory also emphasizes the importance of respecting individual rights and autonomy, and argues that any redistribution of wealth or resources through taxation or other means would violate these rights. Overall, the basic principles of Nozick's entitlement theory revolve around the idea of respecting individual property rights and voluntary exchange.
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Page 5
Chapter 4: The Nature of Capitalism
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is an accurate statement?
A)Adam Smith defends capitalism by appealing to the idea of a natural,moral right to property.
B)Adam Smith denies that human beings are,by nature,acquisitive creatures.
C)A common defense of capitalism is the argument that people have a fundamental moral right to property and that our capitalist system is simply the outcome of this natural right.
D)Utilitarians oppose capitalism in principle.
Q2) Explain the correlation between job security and work ethic now and in the past.
Q3) The U.S.trade deficit has shrunk significantly in recent decades.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Government programs often subsidize American businesses and protect them from competition.
A)True
B)False
Q5) Utilitarians reject the very idea of a natural right to property.
A)True
B)False
Q6) What are the four features of capitalism?
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Corporations
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Sample Questions
Q1) Milton Friedman's perspective is that the only responsibility of a business is to
A)provide social benefit for the messes.
B)give jobs to the hard workers.
C)pay taxes to keep the government operating.
D)make money for its owners.
Q2) Which of the following is one of the three arguments in favor of narrow corporate social responsibility discussed in this chapter?
A)business-can-handle-it
B)let-government-do-it
C)society-lacks-the-expertise
D)visible-hand
Q3) The narrow view of corporate social responsibility argues companies must make money within the "rules of the game" which rules out all of the following except for: A)deception.
B)harm.
C)force.
D)fraud.
Q4) Briefly sketch the evolution of corporations.
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Chapter 6: Consumers
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Sample Questions
Q1) What is the importance of Henningsen v.Bloomfield Motors and Greenman v.Yuba Power Products?
Q2) In 1972 Congress created one of the most important agencies for regulating product safety.This agency is the
A)Securities and Exchange Commission.
B)Federal Drug Administration Agency.
C)Fair Packaging and Labeling Commission.
D)Consumer Product Safety Commission.
Q3) Regulations are often effective at safeguarding consumers,but there are exceptions.Give an example of one.
Q4) What is the importance of the 1916 case of MacPherson v.Buick Motor Car?
Q5) Give an example of labeling or packaging that is deceptive or misleading.
Q6) Give an example of deceptive ambiguity in advertising.
Q7) A psychological appeal is one that aims to persuade by appealing primarily to reason and not to human emotional needs.
A)True
B)False
Q8) Give an example of manipulative pricing.
Q9) What is subliminal advertising?
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Chapter 7: The Environment
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following is a drawback to the regulatory approach?
A)regulation can take away an industry's incentive to do more than the minimum
B)regulation is an incentive to an industry to do more than the minimum C)regulation does not apply to all equally
D)does not require polluters to use the strongest most feasible means of pollution control.
Q2) An assessment of costs and benefits inevitably involves A)facts.
B)monetary costs only.
C)false opinions.
D)value judgements and factual uncertainties
Q3) Is it appropriate to have a "valley of death" as described in Case 7.2? If you worked for one of the factories,how would you justify the fumes? If you take an environmental view,how would you confront the problem?
Q4) William T.Blackstone rejects the idea that each person has a human right to a livable environment on the grounds that it is technically infeasible.
A)True
B)False
Q5) What's a "free rider"?
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Chapter 8: The Workplace 1: Basic Issues
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of these is a valid reasoning for not hiring a potential employee?
A)overqualified
B)a gap in the unemployment history
C)physical appearance
D)lack of experience
Q2) Tests are designed to measure the applicants's skills in verbal,quantitative,and
A)likeability.
B)quickness.
C)logic.
D)social graces.
Q3) Sometimes the screening process unfairly excludes certain applicants.Give some examples.
Q4) Which of the following is an accurate statement about modifications to common law from the Wagner Act of 1935?
A)It's illegal to fire workers because of union membership.
B)Courts at all levels and in all states now agree that employees cannot be dismissed without just cause.
C)The civil liberties of employees have to be restricted for corporations to run efficiently.
D)More and more companies are moving toward "employment at will".
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Chapter 9: The Workplace 2: Todays Challenges
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Q1) There is a general consensus among philosophers and lawyers about how to define the right to privacy.
A)True B)False
Q2) The key purpose of quality of work life (QWL)programs is to involve workers more fully in the production process by seeking their ideas.
A)True B)False
Q3) Employees have a legal right to refuse to work when it exposes them to imminent danger.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Privacy
A)is an absolute value so corporate interests cannot be considered when it comes to employee privacy.
B)must be respected if we are to function as complete,self-governing agents.
C)is something that employees today care less about because of personal sharing on the internet.
D)is guaranteed by Article 3,section 3,of the Constitution.
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Chapter 10: Moral Choices Facing Employees
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Sample Questions
Q1) Employees have certain general duties to their employers,and because of the specific business,professional,or organizational responsibilities they have assumed,they may have other more precise role-based obligations.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Are whistle-blowers a friend or foe to an organization?
Q3) Prudential reasons are reasons that refer to the interests of others and the demands of morality.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Whistle-blowing involves exposing activities that are A)sports related.
B)harmful,immoral,or contrary to the public interest.
C)too close to call.
D)boring and need some excitement.
Q5) Provide examples of abuses that can occur when a person is in a position of power.
Q6) How do trade secrets differ from information that is patented or copyrighted?
Q7) What,if anything,is wrong with foreign forms of bribery?
Q8) What are the potential motivations of being a whistle-blower?
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Chapter 11: Job Discrimination
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Q1) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 applies to all employers,both public and private,with twenty five or more employees.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Which of the following is the most plausible argument AGAINST affirmative action?
A)Compensatory justice forbids affirmative action.
B)Blacks and whites are already equal in socioeconomic terms.
C)Affirmative action violates the principle of equality.
D)Affirmative action is the same thing as fixed numerical quotas.
Q3) Statistics by themselves do not prove discrimination.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the two types of sexual harassment? When is behavior objectionable or offensive enough to constitute harassment?
Q5) Could sexual harassment laws lead to women being further stereotyped as,for example,weak? Explain your view.
Q6) What are the different forms that job discrimination can take?
Q7) Describe how and why sexual harassment is a determent to the workplace.
Page 13
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