Business and Society Final Exam
Course Introduction
Business and Society explores the dynamic relationship between business organizations and the wider social environment in which they operate. The course examines how businesses impact society and, in turn, how societal expectations, values, and ethical considerations shape business strategies and operations. Students analyze issues such as corporate social responsibility, stakeholder management, sustainable development, ethical decision-making, and the role of business in addressing global challenges. Through case studies and current events, the course encourages critical thinking about the responsibilities businesses have toward various stakeholders, including employees, customers, communities, and the environment.
Recommended Textbook
Business and Society Stakeholders Ethics Public Policy 13th Edition by Anne T. Lawrence
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Chapter 1: The Corporation and Its Stakeholders
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Q1) What kind of power might a local community use to influence a company's decisions?
A) Publicizing an issue.
B) Lobbying government policy makers for regulations.
C) Challenging whether a business activity should continue to operate.
D) All of the above.
Answer: D
Q2) Which of the following is not considered to be a nonmarket stakeholder?
A) Government agencies.
B) The natural environment.
C) Activist groups.
D) Non-governmental organizations.
Answer: B
Q3) The external environment of business is static.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Managing Public Issues and Stakeholder Relationships
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Q1) A public issue exists when there is agreement between the stakeholders' expectations of what an institution should do and the actual performance of those businesses.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q2) Organizations always have full control of a public issue.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
Q3) A business and its stakeholders coming together for face-to-face conversations about issues of common concern is:
A) Stakeholder networks.
B) Stakeholder motivation.
C) Stakeholder systems.
D) Stakeholder dialogue.
Answer: D
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Corporate Social Responsibility
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Q1) Huge businesses can disproportionately influence politics, shape tastes, and dominate public discourse.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) When the CEO of General Electric appointed the company's first VP of Corporate Citizenship, he was demonstrating:
A) Enlightened self-interest.
B) A responsibility to stockholders.
C) An attempt to balance economic, legal and social responsibilities.
D) The iron law of responsibility.
Answer: C
Q3) Executive conscience, acts of charity, and philanthropic funding are examples of:
A) Corporate social stewardship.
B) Corporate social responsiveness.
C) Corporate/Business Ethics
D) Corporate/Global Citizenship
Answer: A
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Chapter 4: Ethics and Ethical Reasoning
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Q1) What are the four methods of ethical reasoning? Discuss the limitations of each of the four methods.
Q2) Briefly discuss the meaning of ethics.
Q3) Business managers need a set of ethical guidelines to help them:
A) Understand the changing customs throughout the world.
B) Justify the resolution which best helps themselves.
C) Identify and analyze the nature of ethical problem.
D) None of the above.
Q4) The reason(s) behind the uncertainty of an ethical or unethical decision is (are) that different people and groups:
A) May honestly and genuinely use different sources of information.
B) May rank various rights in different ways.
C) May not share the same meaning of justice.
D) All of the above.
Q5) A bottom-line mentality in business is reflected in which statement?
A) "I want it."
B) "We have to beat the others at all costs."
C) "Help yourself and those closest to you."
D) "Foreigners have a funny notion of what's right and wrong."
Q6) Discuss why businesses should be ethical.
Page 6
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Chapter 5: Organizational Ethics and the Law
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Q1) One of the most widespread and potentially powerful efforts to combat bribery was initiated by:
A) The Global Forum on Fighting Corruption.
B) The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
C) International Labour Organization.
D) The U.S. Foreign Corrupt Policy Act.
Q2) Recipients of the corporate ethics awards show that:
A) Awards are based on economic power, not ethical performance.
B) Firms can be financially successful and ethically focused.
C) Being legally compliant results in receiving an ethics award.
D) Improving ethical performance is very costly, but bolsters a firm's reputation.
Q3) The majority of large U.S. corporations do not have codes of ethics.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Business managers need a set of ethical guidelines to help them:
A) Understand the changing customs throughout the world.
B) Justify the resolution which best helps them.
C) Identify and analyze the nature of the ethical problem.
D) None of the above.
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Chapter 6: The Challenges of Globalization
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Q1) The acceleration of globalization has been driven by:
A) Technological innovation.
B) Transportation systems.
C) Social and political reforms.
D) All of the above.
Q2) The richest 1 percent of the people in the world receive as much income annually as:
A) The wealthiest 5 percent.
B) 100 percent of the middle class.
C) The poorest 99 percent.
D) The poorest 57 percent.
Q3) Which U.S. company is the best example of using globalization to reduce the price of its products?
A) K-Mart.
B) Toys R Us.
C) Walmart.
D) Macy's.
Q4) The term sector refers to broad divisions of a whole.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 7: Global Corporate Citizenship
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Q1) A decade into the 21<sup>st</sup> century, corporate citizenship has become complicated and mandatory.
A)True
B)False
Q2) Define the five stages of corporate citizenship. Provide an example of a company in each stage.
Q3) Define global corporate citizenship. Why has corporate citizenship recently become so complicated?
Q4) A tangible asset is something that cannot be seen or counted, but nonetheless has value.
A)True
B)False
Q5) In 2001, the French Parliament passed the "new economic regulations" law which requires a social performance audit focusing on its impact on:
A) Nuclear safety.
B) The community.
C) Equality in hiring.
D) Environmental initiatives.
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Chapter 8: Business-Government Relations
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Q1) Around the world, government:
A) Tends to cooperate with business.
B) Tends to be in conflict with business.
C) Sometimes cooperates and sometimes is in conflict with business.
D) Tends to be controlled by business.
Q2) Economic regulations aim at modifying the normal operations of the free market and the forces of supply and demand.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Economic regulations:
A) Can only exist for 37 years unless renewed.
B) Apply only to older industries.
C) Always conflict with social regulation.
D) Cut across industry lines.
Q4) Cooperation between business and government often occurs when:
A) They encounter a common problem or enemy.
B) Business can afford it.
C) Business is required by law to cooperate.
D) Government has the support of the people.
Q5) Compare and contrast economic policies with social assistance policies.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Influencing the Political Environment
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Q1) In the 2008 election cycle, the United Auto Workers Union gave:
A) Less than 10 percent of its $1.1 million in contributions to Democrats.
B) 50 percent of its $1.1 million in contributions to Democrats.
C) All of its $1.1 million in contributions to Democrats.
D) None of its $1.1 million in contributions to Democrats.
Q2) Prepare a strong argument in favor of and in opposition to businesses being involved in the political process.
Q3) Supporters of advocacy advertisements believe that they:
A) Identify a company as an interested and active stakeholder.
B) Can help mold public opinion on a particular policy issue.
C) Increase union activity and long-term expenses for an organization.
D) Both A and B, but not
Q4) Expert witness testimony is often provided:
A) Through company newsletters.
B) On the steps of the White House.
C) In Congressional hearings.
D) In The Wall Street Journal.
Q5) The most effective type of lobbying involves targeting only federal officials.
A)True
B)False
Page 11
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Chapter 10: Ecology and Sustainable Development in Global Business
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Q1) Three critical factors have combined to accelerate the ecological crisis facing the world community and to make sustainable development more difficult. Explain and discuss these three factors.
Q2) Deforestation - cutting down and not replacing trees - contributes to global warming.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Rain forest destruction is controversial because these environments are more valuable cut down than standing.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Sustainable development:
A) Meets the needs of the present while compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
B) Gives precedence to environmental over economic considerations.
C) Balances economic and environmental considerations.
D) Gives precedence to present needs over future needs.
Q5) Identify a business with which you are familiar. What steps could this business take to manage more sustainably?
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Chapter 11: Managing Environmental Issues
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Q1) Being able to continue their activities indefinitely, without altering the carrying capacity of the earth's ecosystem, is a characteristic of:
A) Ecologically sustainable organizations.
B) Concerned citizens.
C) Codes of environmental conduct.
D) Environmental regulations.
Q2) The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was created:
A) To monitor and regulate nuclear activity.
B) To coordinate most of the government's efforts to protect the environment.
C) To monitor and regulate occupational health and safety standards.
D) All of the above.
Q3) When businesses form voluntary, collaborative partnerships with environmental organizations and regulators to achieve specific objectives this is called:
A) Interorganizational alliances.
B) Environmental partnerships.
C) Cross-functional teams.
D) Command and control.
Q4) Discuss the following statement: "Effective environmental management makes firms more competitive."
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Chapter 12: Technology, Organizations, and Society
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Q1) A group of people who leap to the most dreadful conclusions while researching health matters online are called:
A) Hypochondriac.
B) Cyberchondriacs.
C) Hyperchondriac.
D) Internchondriac.
Q2) Since surfing the Internet for medical information is widespread, how can the quality of information provided online be verified as accurate or reliable?
Q3) A hacking technique that redirects a user's computer from a legitimate Web site to another site by altering the user's computer or router is called:
A) Phishing.
B) Pharming.
C) Tweeting.
D) Censorship.
Q4) What is social networking? What are the ethical challenges faced by some of the more popular social networking sites?
Q5) Define technology and describe its three primary features.
Q6) Discuss what factors have fueled technological growth and development.
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Chapter 13: Managing Technology and Innovation
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Q1) Project BioShield was:
A) A $5.6 million global antiterrorism program.
B) A two-year government program to develop vaccines to combat bioterrorism.
C) Announced by President Bush in 2003 to spur pharmaceutical companies to combat bioterrorism.
D) All of the above.
Q2) Which of the following is not commercial software to block pornography on the Internet?
A) Child Safe.
B) beTrusted.
C) Cyber Snoop.
D) Cyber Sitter.
Q3) The safety of genetically modified foods:
A) Was challenged most noticeable in Europe but has spread to other countries.
B) Has been well documented since its beginning.
C) Is now in the hands of governments, ensuring its safety for human consumption.
D) Has never been questioned in the United States.
Q4) Discuss the steps businesses and governments have taken to better protect stakeholder privacy.
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Chapter 14: Stockholder Rights and Corporate Governance
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Q1) Between 2002 and 2004, the proportion of global companies that formally evaluated their board members:
A) Decreased from 90 to 35 percent.
B) Increased from 35 to 90 percent.
C) Remained constant for all industries.
D) None of the above.
Q2) The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD), representing 30 nations, issued a revised set of principles of corporate governance in 2004 to serve as a benchmark for companies and policymakers worldwide.
A)True
B)False
Q3) It is the responsibility of the board of directors and its audit committee to engage an independent accounting firm to audit the financial statements prepared by management.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What are the key features of effective boards of directors?
Q5) Describe a current trend in corporate governance, providing a real example.
Q6) What is insider trading? Explain how the courts have defined this practice.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Consumer Protection
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Q1) Which of the following limits the collection of information online from and about children under the age of 13?
A) Federal Juvenile Safety Bill.
B) Parents for the Safety of Children Act 2000.
C) The "Do Not Collect" Bill of 2003.
D) The Children's Online Privacy Protection Act.
Q2) Outline some of the major government agencies responsible for consumer related issues. What is the major mission of each?
Q3) Consumer advocates argue that consumers are entitled to five core rights. What are they? Explain each.
Q4) Manufacturers making false or misleading claims about a competitor's product is:
A) Illegal but ethical.
B) Illegal and unethical.
C) Legal but unethical.
D) Legal and unethical.
Q5) How do new technologies increasingly enable businesses to collect and use vast amounts of personal data about their customers and potential customers? Explain. Do you think these trends benefit consumers or not, and why?
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Chapter 16: Employees and the Corporation
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Q1) In a business context, privacy rights refer to protecting an individual's personal life from unwarranted intrusion by his or her employer.
A)True
B)False
Q2) When groups of companies define industry-wide standards that they can all agree to, these are called:
A) Corporate codes of conduct.
B) NGO codes of conduct.
C) Industry-wide codes of conduct.
D) Fair wage levels.
Q3) As the use of electronic communication at work has risen, new ethical issues involving worker privacy have emerged. Should employers be allowed to read employee e-mail, inspect their MySpace pages or blogs, or access files located on a personal computer at work? Why or why not?
Q4) Where are workers not permitted to form independent unions?
A) United States.
B) Communist countries.
C) Military dictatorships.
D) Both B and C, but not
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Chapter 17: Managing a Diverse Workforce
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Q1) The Americans with Disabilities Act defines a "qualified disabled worker" as:
A) One who can perform the "essential functions" of a job, with reasonable accommodations.
B) One who can perform the "essential functions" of a job, without reasonable accommodations.
C) One who can perform the "essential functions" of a job, with or without reasonable accommodations.
D) One who cannot perform the "essential functions" of a job.
Q2) Reverse discrimination occurs when:
A) The government discovers that one group was discriminated against over 10 years ago.
B) One group is unintentionally discriminated against in an effort to help another group.
C) One group is intentionally promoted to meet government-mandated quotas.
D) All of the above.
Q3) The pay gap for Hispanic women:
A) Declined by almost 15 percent since 2000.
B) Declined by almost 5 percent since 2000.
C) Increased by almost 15 percent since 2000.
D) Increased by almost 5 percent since 2000.
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Page 19
Chapter 18: The Community and the Corporation
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Q1) Which of the following is a reason for businesses to get involved in the community?
A) To win local support for business activity.
B) To build social capital.
C) To meet stakeholder demands.
D) All of the above.
Q2) The construction industry has taken the lead in creating programs to revitalize neighborhood housing.
A)True
B)False
Q3) How do companies encourage their employees to volunteer their time?
A) By publicizing specific projects.
B) By offering recognition for service.
C) By publicizing opportunities to serve.
D) All of the above.
Q4) Community relations departments work primarily on the national level to link the corporation to community stakeholders.
A)True
B)False
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Page 20
Chapter 19: Managing Public Relations
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Q1) This company launched the "connecting through cookies" in an effort to help their primary audience, women, improve their lives:
A) Whole Foods Market.
B) Campbell Soup Company.
C) Wendy's.
D) Nabisco.
Q2) The Internet-based communication revolution has significantly benefited only large organizations.
A)True
B)False
Q3) According to comScore, a provider of digital intelligence, in December 2008 the total number of individuals, aged 15 and older, who accessed the Internet from their home or work computers was:
A) 100,000.
B) 1 million.
C) 1 billion.
D) 10 billion.
Q4) Define the general public. How do firms and the public affect one another?
Q5) How is the public protected through government regulations?
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