Brain and Behavior Exam Solutions
Course Introduction
Brain and Behavior explores the intricate relationship between neural processes and human actions, thoughts, and emotions. The course examines fundamental concepts in neuroscience, including brain anatomy, neural communication, and the biological bases of perception, learning, memory, motivation, and emotion. Students will analyze how changes in brain structure and function influence behavior and consider the effects of neurological disorders, brain injury, and psychiatric conditions. Integrating principles from psychology and biology, the course highlights the methods used to study the brain and fosters an understanding of how cognitive and behavioral phenomena emerge from complex neural networks.
Recommended Textbook
Discovering Biological Psychology 2nd Edition by Laura Freberg
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16 Chapters
2931 Verified Questions
2931 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/3888
Page 2
Chapter 1: Introducing Biological Psychology
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77424
Sample Questions
Q1) Ethical standards for the use of human subjects require researchers to
A) clearly identify each participant by name.
B) never use deception.
C) avoid coercion.
D) ensure that participants understand that they can't quit once the experiment begins.
Answer: C
Q2) Which of the following made the Neuron Doctrine possible?
A) the light microscope and the use of stains in histology
B) the ability to apply electricity through wires
C) fewer restrictions on animal research
D) fewer restrictions on human dissection
Answer: A
Q3) Wilder Penfield and Robert Heath used which of the following techniques with their human participants?
A) patch clamps
B) magnetoencephalography (MEG)
C) electrical stimulation
D) single cell recording
Answer: C
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Page 3
Chapter 2: The Anatomy and Evolution of the Nervous System
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The medulla contains nuclei responsible for which of the following functions?
A) balance and motor coordination
B) heart rate and respiration
C) visual reflexes
D) auditory reflexes
Answer: B
Q2) What are the three major planes of sections used in neuroanatomy?
Answer: Sagittal sections are parallel to the midline,coronal sections divide the brain from front to back,and horizontal sections divide the brain from top to bottom.
Q3) Internal stimuli,such as the arrival of food in the digestive system,normally activate
A) the somatic nervous system.
B) the parasympathetic nervous system.
C) the sympathetic nervous system.
D) both the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems.
Answer: B
Q4) What functions are primarily managed by the occipital lobe?
Answer: The occipital lobe is primarily involved with visual processing.
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Chapter 3: Cells of the Nervous System
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Synapses involving direct stimulation of adjacent cells without the use of special chemical messengers are known as _________ synapses.
A) electrical
B) chemical
C) joined.
D) adjacent
Answer: A
Q2) When potassium concentrations in the extracellular fluid are increased,the resting potential
A) remains the same.
B) is reduced,making signaling less likely.
C) is reduced,making signaling more likely.
D) is increased,making signaling more likely.
Answer: B
Q3) What is reuptake?
Answer: Reuptake is one of the processes that ends chemical signaling.Molecules of neurotransmitter are transported from the synaptic gap back across the presynaptic membrane,where they are repackaged in vesicles for subsequent release.
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5
Chapter 4: Psychopharmacology
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191 Verified Questions
191 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) If a drug blocks the action of acetylcholinesterase,it will serve as a(n)_________ for acetylcholine.
A) antagonist
B) modulator
C) agonist
D) mimic
Q2) St.John's Wort,a non-prescription herbal substance frequently used as an antidepressant,produces its main effects by
A) stimulating serotonin release.
B) promoting serotonin synthesis.
C) inhibiting serotonin reuptake.
D) activating serotonin receptors.
Q3) The alertness associated with nicotine use probably arises from nicotine's ability to A) activate the cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain.
B) stimulate muscles.
C) influence the autonomic nervous system.
D) stimulate the nucleus accumbens.
Q4) What actions and effects do organophosphates have on the cholinergic synapse?
Q5) Describe the functions of one of the major neuropeptides.
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Chapter 5: Genetics and the Development of the Human Brain
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Children born with higher than normal concentrations of neurotrophins may be at risk for the development of
A) schizophrenia.
B) autism.
C) bipolar disorder.
D) attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Q2) Which of the following processes does not experience a critical window?
A) imprinting
B) language
C) vision
D) mathematical reasoning
Q3) Most of the drugs currently approved for treating Alzheimer's disease
A) promote greater synthesis of acetylcholine (ACh).
B) inhibit reuptake of dopamine.
C) boost acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
D) inhibit acetylcholinesterase (AChE).
Q4) Critical periods occur in many animals,such as the imprinting observed in geese,but has not yet been observed in humans.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 6: Vision
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187 Verified Questions
187 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Primary visual or striate cortex is located in the _________ lobe.
A) frontal
B) parietal
C) temporal
D) occipital
Q2) Astigmatism usually occurs when the
A) eye is elongated.
B) eye is shortened.
C) cornea is misshapen.
D) lens becomes clouded.
Q3) Ganglion receptive fields
A) are always the same size.
B) do not show the same center-surround organization as bipolar receptive fields.
C) are smaller in the periphery than in the fovea.
D) are smaller in the fovea than in the periphery.
Q4) Define lateral inhibition.
Q5) Why are rods more sensitive to light than cones?
Q6) What is an orientation column?
Q7) Describe the organization of the lateral geniculate nucleus.
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Chapter 7: Nonvisual Sensation and Perception
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184 Verified Questions
184 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77430
Sample Questions
Q1) Most hair cells communicate by releasing the neurotransmitter
A) acetylcholine.
B) glutamate.
C) GABA.
D) norepinephrine.
Q2) Approximately how many inner hair cells are found in each human ear?
A) 3,500
B) 8,000
C) 12,500
D) 15,500
Q3) Distinguish between place theory and frequency theory in the perception of pitch.
Q4) Lauren loves very hot,spicy foods full of pepper.Sometimes,her friends can't eat the food she prepares because they actually feel like their mouths have been burned.It is likely that this response results from the activity of
A) nociceptors that respond to certain chemicals.
B) warm fibers.
C) mechanoreceptors.
D) a combination of warm and cold fibers.
Q5) Describe the connections formed by the vestibular nuclei.
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Chapter 8: Movement
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77431
Sample Questions
Q1) As you bend your arm up to take a drink,the ________ muscles are active,and when you extend your arm to put the glass down,the ________ muscles are active.
A) striated;smooth
B) flexor;extensor
C) extensor;flexor
D) Type II;Type I
Q2) The vestibulospinal tract originates in the
A) reticular formation of the pons.
B) reticular formation of the medulla.
C) vestibular nuclei of the medulla.
D) midbrain.
Q3) The basal ganglia inhibit the activity of the thalamus.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Cobra venom
A) causes paralysis by preventing neurotransmitter release.
B) causes paralysis by blocking postsynaptic receptors.
C) interferes with neurotransmitter synthesis.
D) produces convulsions by stimulating neurotransmitter release.
Q5) Describe the sequence of events involved in the patellar reflex.
Page 10
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Chapter 9: Temperature Regulation,thirst,and Hunger
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181 Verified Questions
181 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Low levels of leptin lead to
A) fasting behavior,increased sympathetic nervous system activity,and the activation of TSH and ACTH.
B) feeding behavior,increased parasympathetic nervous system activity,and the suppression of TSH and ACTH.
C) fasting behavior,increased parasympathetic nervous system activity,and the suppression of TSH and ACTH.
D) feeding behavior,increased sympathetic nervous system activity,and the activation of TSH and ACTH.
Q2) Animals often respond to very cold temperatures by
A) curling up to reduce exposed surface area,maximizing heat loss.
B) curling up to reduce exposed surface area,minimizing heat loss.
C) stretching out to expose surface area,maximizing heat loss.
D) stretching out to expose surface area,minimizing heat loss.
Q3) Genetic factors contribute to personality types that are more vulnerable to eating disorders,but do not produce the disorders directly.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What does it mean to become hungry in response to "glucose availability?"
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Chapter 10: Sexual Behavior
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177 Verified Questions
177 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Evolutionary scientists base much of their reasoning regarding sex differences in mating habits on the fact that females have a greater investment in parenting (time,resources)and can produce fewer children than males.Given the effective contraception now available for women,what possible changes in both male and female behavior might occur?
Q2) Emergency contraception (morning-after pills)involves a
A) unique pill with high doses of progestin.
B) series of normal oral contraceptive pills.
C) unique pill with high doses of estradiol.
D) unique pill with synthetic testosterone.
Q3) What are the relationships between testosterone and cognitive behavior?
Q4) The SRY gene encodes the protein
A) estrogen.
B) testis-determining factor.
C) testosterone.
D) ovaries-determining factor.
Q5) What are the physical and cognitive effects of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)on females?
Q6) What differences in brain activity occur when we view someone we love compared to when we view someone we like?
Page 12
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Chapter 11: Sleep and Waking
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173 Verified Questions
173 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Patients with Alzheimer's disease experience degeneration in the cholinergic pathways of the brain,particularly in the basal forebrain.What consequences might this degeneration have for the patients' wakefulness and sleep patterns?
Q2) Changing school start times to later in the morning
A) has little effect on school performance of children and teens.
B) boosts school performance of elementary students,but has no effect on teens and young adults.
C) improves school performance of teens and young adults.
D) decreases school performance of teens and young adults.
Q3) The frequency of night terrors is
A) equal in boys and girls.
B) higher in girls than boys.
C) higher in boys than girls.
D) higher in adults than children.
Q4) The majority of time during a typical night's sleep is spent in _________ sleep.
A) Stage 1 NREM.
B) Stage 2 NREM.
C) Stages 3 and 4 NREM.
D) REM
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Chapter 12: Learning and Memory
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179 Verified Questions
179 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/77435
Sample Questions
Q1) Repeated activation of PKA results in
A) activation of MAP kinase.
B) activation of CREB-2 by CREB-1.
C) inhibition of C/EBP.
D) inhibition of ubiquitin carboxyterminal hydrolase.
Q2) "Associativity" in the Hebb synapse refers to the
A) use of the same type of neurotransmitter in both the pre- and postsynaptic neurons.
B) simultaneous activity of several synapses on the same postsynaptic neuron.
C) nearly simultaneous activity of the pre- and postsynaptic neurons.
D) ability of the postsynaptic cell to use retrograde messengers such as NO to communicate with the presynaptic cell.
Q3) Elizabeth was sharing a story with a friend about her first dog.In order to do so,she had to use her _________ memory.
A) sensory
B) working
C) episodic
D) semantic
Q4) What are the results of increasing CREB-1 and CREB-2 activity in fruit flies?
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Lateralization, language, and Intelligence
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182 Verified Questions
182 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Global aphasia typically results from strokes affecting the _________ artery.
A) middle cerebral
B) carotid
C) anterior cerebral
D) posterior cerebral
Q2) An analysis of Albert Einstein's brain showed that Einstein's brain
A) was not different from the brains of people with average intelligence.
B) was different in the hippocampus and parietal lobe compared with the brains of people with average intelligence.
C) had unusual asymmetry in the planum temporale.
D) had larger than average amounts of gray matter in the frontal lobes and language areas.
Q3) A possible benefit of lateralization is
A) the ability to manage several tasks at once.
B) faster communication between the two hemispheres.
C) "backup" in the event of brain damage.
D) increased diversity among a population.
Q4) Following the split brain procedure,which functions appeared to be managed primarily by the right-handed patients' right hemispheres?
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Chapter 14: Emotion, reward, aggression, and Stress
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183 Verified Questions
183 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Individuals with social phobia and major depressive disorder
A) do not use information about the eyes while judging facial expressions.
B) are unusually under-responsive to emotional expressions of fear.
C) show exaggerated responses in the amygdala to threatening faces.
D) show reduced responses in the amygdala to threatening faces.
Q2) Frontal lobotomies involve the
A) surgical separation of the frontal lobes from the rest of the brain.
B) surgical separation of the left and right frontal lobes from each other.
C) severing of the corpus callosum and anterior commissure.
D) electrical stimulation of the frontal lobes.
Q3) Fear of strangers develops
A) more similarly in identical twins than in fraternal twins.
B) more similarly in fraternal twins than in identical twins.
C) at about the same time in fraternal and identical twins.
D) at very different rates in different cultures.
Q4) The hippocampus directly inhibits the release of A) cortisol.
B) CRH.
C) ACTH.
D) ADH.
Page 16
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Chapter 15: Neurological Disorders
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174 Verified Questions
174 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Spinal damage is usually indicated by
A) exaggerated reflexes and too much muscle tone.
B) exaggerated reflexes and too little muscle tone.
C) weak reflexes and too little muscle tone.
D) weak reflexes and too much muscle tone.
Q2) According to Woods and Teuber,patients with prenatal or early postnatal left hemisphere damage demonstrate
A) no deficits to either language or visuospatial skills.
B) relatively normal visuospatial skills,but deficient language skills.
C) relatively normal language skills,but deficient visuospatial skills.
D) deficient language and visuospatial skills.
Q3) Describe the usual time course of recovery following brain injury.
Q4) A person will fall to the ground during
A) a grand mal seizure,but not during a petit mal seizure.
B) a petit mal seizure,but not during a grand mal seizure.
C) in all generalized seizures,but not during partial seizures.
D) during complex partial seizures,but not during simple partial seizures.
Q5) What are some of the risk factors associated with the development of multiple sclerosis (MS)?
Page 17
Q6) Distinguish between viral and bacterial meningitis.
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Chapter 16: Psychological Disorders
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198 Verified Questions
198 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) One piece of evidence suggesting that bipolar and major depressive disorder are two different entities is that
A) people are much more severely depressed with major depressive disorder.
B) people are more apt to commit suicide with major depressive disorder.
C) bipolar disorder can often be treated with lithium,which does not help people with major depressive disorder.
D) major depressive disorder has a familial component,but bipolar disorder does not.
Q2) About _________ percent of Americans experience an anxiety disorder at some time during their lifetimes?
A) 0.5 to 1
B) 5-7
C) 15
D) 30
Q3) Auditory hallucinations,such as hearing voices,are a common type of hallucination experienced by patients with schizophrenia.
A)True
B)False
Q4) What is the relationship between genetics and anxiety disorders?
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Page 18