Brain and Behavior Exam Bank
Course Introduction
This course examines the intricate relationship between the brain and behavior, exploring how neural processes underlie human thought, emotion, and action. Students will gain an understanding of the basic structure and function of the nervous system, the biological bases of psychological phenomena such as perception, learning, memory, motivation, and emotion, and the effects of brain injury and neurological disorders on behavior. Through a combination of lectures, case studies, and practical activities, the course provides insights into neuroscience research methods and their applications in understanding both typical and atypical behavior.
Recommended Textbook
Cognitive Neuroscience 5th Edition by Michael Gazzaniga
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14 Chapters
990 Verified Questions
990 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/study-set/2057
Page 2
Chapter 1: A Brief History of Cognitive Neuroscience
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72 Verified Questions
72 Flashcards
Source URL: https://quizplus.com/quiz/40928
Sample Questions
Q1) Considering the perspective recommended for approaching cognitive neuroscience, which of the following would best explain how a cognitive function may have developed?
A)learning and reward
B)integration with technology
C)neurological dysfunction
D)hunting and gathering
Answer: D
Q2) Localizationist is to ________ as holistic is to ________.
A)Wernicke; Gall
B)Gall; Flourens
C)Flourens; Broca
D)Broca; Wernicke
Answer: B
Q3) Empiricism is the philosophical position that all knowledge
A)must be deduced and justified through reason.
B)originates from sensory experience.
C)must be experimentally tested.
D)is globally distributed in the cortex.
Answer: B
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Page 3
Chapter 2: Structure and Function of the Nervous System
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100 Verified Questions
100 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Of the following choices, the most anterior portion of the frontal lobes-the prefrontal cortex-is most critical to
A)processing information about pain, touch, and temperature.
B)executive functions.
C)the "what" visual pathway.
D)the "where" visual pathway.
Answer: B
Q2) The neocortex contains ______ cortical layers, with ________ typically being the input layer.
A)10; layer IV
B)10; layer I
C)six; layer IV
D)six; layer I
Answer: C
Q3) Sulci are the protruding rounded surfaces of the cortex, and gyri are the fissures and invaginations between the sulci.
A)True
B)False
Answer: False
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Page 4
Chapter 3: Methods of Cognitive Neuroscience
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The most frequent cause of stroke is occlusion of the normal passage of blood by a foreign substance, such as an embolus.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
Q2) The particular region of space in which a stimulus must be presented to evoke a response from a given neuron is its
A)topographic map.
B)sensory homunculus.
C)receptive field.
D)baseline space.
Answer: C
Q3) Computational models can vary widely in the level of explanation they seek to provide, and they can range from the cellular/molecular level to the systems level.
A)True
B)False
Answer: True
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5
Chapter 4: Hemispheric Specialization
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70 Verified Questions
70 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Some people suggest that the loss of visual spatial ability is due to the acquisition of language. Give an example of this from work with nonhuman primates.
Q2) Based on what you have learned about laterality, which of the following statements is most accurate?
A)People utilize the right hemisphere for visual spatial tasks.
B)People utilize the left hemisphere for language.
C)Both hemispheres play a role in most tasks in all people, working in concert with each other.
D)The hemispheres are functionally identical.
Q3) You are watching a show on TV while speaking on your cell phone to a loved one. A commercial with a couple fighting appears. Suddenly, the person says something on the phone and you get irritated. The person on the other side of the line is perplexed by your response. This is an example of
A)the interpreter.
B)left hemisphere brain activity.
C)rationalization.
D)All of the answer options are correct.
Q4) Describe how modularity plays a role in consciousness.
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Page 6
Chapter 5: Sensation and Perception
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73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe two experiments that would allow you to determine if an individual has achromatopsia or has akinetopsia. If the symptoms appeared after a head injury, which brain regions are likely damaged in each case?
Q2) Which term is used to describe an idiosyncratic union between or within sensory modalities, such as experiencing the color red whenever seeing the letter A?
A)achromatopsia
B)akinetopsia
C)synesthesia
D)agnosia
Q3) How do receptive fields change as you proceed up the visual pathway (starting at the lateral geniculate nucleus [LGN])? Include an example of a stimulus that would, and would not, cause a neural response for a hypothetical cell at each stage.
Q4) In the auditory system, the basilar membrane is located within the A)cochlea.
B)eardrum.
C)pinna.
D)middle ear.
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Chapter 6: Object Recognition
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73 Verified Questions
73 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Prosopagnosia is to alexia as ________ is to ________.
A)face recognition; reading
B)reading; face recognition
C)writing; reading
D)reading; writing
Q2) A patient who has difficulty matching pictures of the same object taken from different vantage points may be showing which dysfunction?
A)anomia
B)alexia
C)apperceptive visual agnosia
D)associative visual agnosia
Q3) Cells that respond to the human hand are located in the _____________, and their responsive firing rate is high regardless of the hand's __________.
A)inferior temporal cortex; orientation
B)inferior temporal cortex; detail
C)superior temporal sulcus; orientation
D)superior temporal sulcus; detail
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8
Chapter 7: Attention
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Describe the basic findings of the visual search research conducted by Treisman and colleagues. In particular, describe the difference between a feature search and a conjunction search. Draw a figure illustrating a typical response-time pattern for the two search types.
Q2) How do early- and late-selection models of attention differ? Propose a dichotic listening experiment that would provide evidence to distinguish between these two models.
Q3) Extrastriate cortical regions specialized for the processing of color, form, and motion are modulated by visual attention to these stimulus features.
A)True
B)False
Q4) Injury to which brain structure results in a deficit in moving focused attention from a particular location in the visual field to another?
A)the posterior parietal lobe
B)the pulvinar nucleus of the thalamus
C)the superior colliculus
D)the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus
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Chapter 8: Action
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68 Verified Questions
68 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The loss of a motor skill that cannot be attributed to hemiplegia, muscle weakness, sensory deficits, or motivation is called A)hemiparesis.
B)hypermetria.
C)apraxia.
D)akinetopsia.
Q2) Before a movement is initiated, the population vector in the motor cortex has already shifted in the direction of the planned movement.
A)True
B)False
Q3) Why is the basal ganglia structure referred to as a "gatekeeper?" How is inhibition used in its gatekeeping functions?
Q4) Corticospinal fibers originate primarily in the A)cerebellum.
B)supplementary motor area.
C)premotor cortex.
D)primary motor cortex.
Q5) How is the planning of a complex movement hierarchical? Provide an example.
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Chapter 9: Memory
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75 Verified Questions
75 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following statements is true regarding the role of NMDA receptors in mediating LTP in the brain?
A)NMDA receptors are critical to inducing LTP but not to maintaining LTP.
B)NMDA receptors block LTP in the brain unless magnesium ions are present.
C)NMDA receptors are depolarized by the binding of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine.
D)NMDA receptors create LTP by transporting magnesium ions from outside the cell into the cell.
Q2) The result of acquisition and consolidation is to the process involved in accessing memory traces as __________ is to __________.
A)memory; storage
B)merging; retrieval
C)retrieval; storage
D)storage; retrieval
Q3) Describe the BIC model. Describe an experiment that supports the model.
Q4) During memory retrieval, cortical regions that were important during encoding are reactivated.
A)True
B)False
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Chapter 10: Emotion
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64 Verified Questions
64 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) Which of the following would be MOST useful in establishing discrete categories of emotions?
A)A better understanding of how genders experience certain emotional states differently from each other.
B)A better understanding of which overlapping networks of brain regions process which emotions.
C)A better understanding of how emotions are affected by cognitive processing.
D)A better understanding of why some emotions are felt more frequently than others.
Q2) Research on racial stereotypes conducted by Phelps and colleagues (2000) suggested that when European-American participants viewed pictures of unfamiliar African-American men, activity in the ________ of these participants was correlated with the results of ________ behavioral measures of racial beliefs and attitudes.
A)orbitofrontal cortex; direct or explicit
B)orbitofrontal cortex; indirect or implicit
C)amygdala; direct or explicit
D)amygdala; indirect or implicit
Q3) Are there hemispheric differences in emotional regulation? Describe evidence to support your answer.
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12
Chapter 11: Language
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71 Verified Questions
71 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The term ________ refers to the collective store of information about the semantics, syntax, orthography, and phonology of words.
A)word form
B)acquired dyslexia
C)mental lexicon
D)prosody
Q2) Which of the following best describes the three main components of word or lexical processing in the correct order, according to most modular models of word recognition?
A)lexical access lexical integration lexical selection
B)lexical access lexical selection lexical integration
C)lexical selection lexical access lexical integration
D)lexical selection lexical integration lexical access
Q3) Language errors in which a person substitutes words that are related in meaning for one another are called
A)lemma confusions.
B)syntactic substitutions.
C)semantic paraphasias.
D)orthographic intrusions.
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13
Chapter 12: Cognitive Control
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69 Verified Questions
69 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The supervisory attentional system, which seems to be localized to the ________ in the brain, becomes active during the Stroop task because this task requires ________.
A)orbitofrontal cortex; a response (vocalizing a perceived color) that competes with a strong habitual response (reading)
B)orbitofrontal cortex; a response (reading) that competes with a strong habitual response (vocalizing a perceived color)
C)anterior cingulate cortex; a response (reading) that competes with a strong habitual response (vocalizing a perceived color)
D)anterior cingulate cortex; a response (vocalizing a perceived color) that competes with a strong habitual response (reading)
Q2) Imagine that a frontal lobe patient meets a very good friend and his family doctor. Describe how the patient's conversation would differ between the two. Is this similar or different to the way in which a person without frontal lobe damage would communicate with them?
Q3) You need to develop a plan for cleaning your room. Describe how a frontal lobe patient would struggle with this task.
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Page 14
Chapter 13: Social Cognition
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66 Verified Questions
66 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) What do mentalizing tasks have in common with attentional cuing tasks?
A)Both tasks have strong social cognition components.
B)Both tasks strongly engage the right anterior cingulate.
C)Both tasks require that participants direct their attention away from invalid information.
D)Both tasks strongly engage the right anterior cingulate, and both tasks require that participants direct their attention away from invalid information.
Q2) Studies of the perception of the self and others have suggested that
A)similar regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are activated when we answer questions about the self and about others.
B)similar regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are activated when we answer questions about the self and about others, if they are close.
C)similar regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are activated when we answer questions about others, regardless of whether they are close.
D)three distinct regions of the medial prefrontal cortex are activated when we answer questions about the self, close others, and acquaintances.
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Chapter 14: The Consciousness Problem
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50 Verified Questions
50 Flashcards
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Sample Questions
Q1) The work of biologist Andrew Barron and neuroscience philosopher Colin Klein suggests that subjective experience may be present in animals as evolutionarily primitive as A)nonhuman primates.
B)non-primate mammals.
C)non-mammal vertebrates.
D)invertebrates.
Q2) A determinist would believe that free will does not exist and that the experience of free will is an illusion.
A)True
B)False
Q3) What is the earliest age at which humans can typically succeed at mirror self-recognition (MSR)?
A)from birth
B)2 years
C)5 years
D)10 years
Q4) Compare and contrast the roles of the brain regions responsible for the conscious mind.
Q5) Why do we need an interpreter system?
Page 16
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